A high-density 1,024-channel probe for brain-wide recordings in non-human primates.

Large-scale neural population recordings with single-cell resolution across the primate brain remain challenging. Here we introduce the Neuroscroll probe that isolates single neuronal activities simultaneously from 1,024 densely spaced channels that are flexibly distributed across the shank of the probe. The Neuroscroll probe length is easily tunable for individual probes from 10 mm to 90 mm, covering the brain size of non-human primates and humans, and the probes remain intact and functional after repeated bending deformations. The Neuroscroll probes provided reliable recordings from large neural populations with high chronic stability up to 105 weeks in rats. Recording with each Neuroscroll probe yielded hundreds of well-isolated single units simultaneously from multiple brain regions distributed across the entire depth of the rhesus macaque brain. With the thousand simultaneously recorded channels, unprecedented probe length, excellent mechanical stability and flexible recording site distribution, the Neuroscroll probes enable a wide range of new experimental paradigms in system neuroscience studies with great versatility.

Lung cancer with bilateral internal jugular vein thrombosis.

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Shape-changing electrode array for minimally invasive large-scale intracranial brain activity mapping.

Large-scale brain activity mapping is important for understanding the neural basis of behaviour. Electrocorticograms (ECoGs) have high spatiotemporal resolution, bandwidth, and signal quality. However, the invasiveness and surgical risks of electrode array implantation limit its application scope. We developed an ultrathin, flexible shape-changing electrode array (SCEA) for large-scale ECoG mapping with minimal invasiveness. SCEAs were inserted into cortical surfaces in compressed states through small openings in the skull or dura and fully expanded to cover large cortical areas. MRI and histological studies on rats proved the minimal invasiveness of the implantation process and the high chronic biocompatibility of the SCEAs. High-quality micro-ECoG activities mapped with SCEAs from male rodent brains during seizures and canine brains during the emergence period revealed the spatiotemporal organization of different brain states with resolution and bandwidth that cannot be achieved using existing noninvasive techniques. The biocompatibility and ability to map large-scale physiological and pathological cortical activities with high spatiotemporal resolution, bandwidth, and signal quality in a minimally invasive manner offer SCEAs as a superior tool for applications ranging from fundamental brain research to brain-machine interfaces.

Recurrent right atrial thrombosis in Ebstein's anomaly.

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Characterization of alternative splicing events and prognostic signatures in breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BRCA) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Abnormal alternative splicing (AS) frequently observed in cancers. This study aims to demonstrate AS events and signatures that might serve as prognostic indicators for BRCA. METHODS: Original data for all seven types of splice events were obtained from TCGA SpliceSeq database. RNA-seq and clinical data of BRCA cohorts were downloaded from TCGA database. Survival-associated AS events in BRCA were analyzed by univariate COX proportional hazards regression model. Prognostic signatures were constructed for prognosis prediction in patients with BRCA based on survival-associated AS events. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to measure the correlation between the expression of splicing factors (SFs) and the percent spliced in (PSI) values of AS events. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were conducted to demonstrate pathways in which survival-associated AS event is enriched. RESULTS: A total of 45,421 AS events in 21,232 genes were identified. Among them, 1121 AS events in 931 genes significantly correlated with survival for BRCA. The established AS prognostic signatures of seven types could accurately predict BRCA prognosis. The comprehensive AS signature could serve as independent prognostic factor for BRCA. A SF-AS regulatory network was therefore established based on the correlation between the expression levels of SFs and PSI values of AS events. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed survival-associated AS events and signatures that may help predict the survival outcomes of patients with BRCA. Additionally, the constructed SF-AS networks in BRCA can reveal the underlying regulatory mechanisms in BRCA.

Design of ultrasonic standing wave levitation support for three-dimensional printed filaments.

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) three-dimensional (3D) printing is the process of forming a part by depositing molten thermoplastic materials layer by layer. Support structures need to be added below the overhangs or bridges in 3D printing. This paper proposes an idea for support-free FDM printing by studying the method of filament levitation. In this paper, an ultrasonic phased array device is designed, and different slender objects with length much longer than the sound wavelength are levitated in the air by multiple standing wave points. Experiments show that slender objects can be stably held at the sound pressure nodes in the standing wave field. After adding the ultrasonic field in FDM printing, the maximum deformation of single filament due to gravity on the bridge structure decreases from 5 to 2 mm. This proves that it is feasible for an ultrasonic phased array system to play an important role in the field of support-free FDM printing.

Bremsstrahlung spectrum data for thick Al, Ti, Zr, Mo, and W targets by keV electron impact.

The data presented in this paper are related to the research paper entitled "Bremsstrahlung spectra produced by kilovolt electron impact on thick targets" [1]. The dataset includes our measured bremsstrahlung spectra on Al, Ti, Zr, Mo, and W thick targets at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 keV electron impact. In this paper we present the experimental method and make the dataset publicly available to enable extended analyses or reuse. The dataset is available on mendeley data public repository at http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/5zx3459bj3.1.