[Modern ideas about the relationship between fibromyalgia and mental disorders]. / Sovremennye predstavleniya o sootnoshenii fibromialgii i psikhicheskikh rasstroistv.

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a pain syndrome with a high burden and an understudied etiology and pathogenesis. There is now considerable evidence that FM has a strong bidirectional relationship with psychiatric disorders and is associated with certain personality traits that contribute to the severity of key somatic symptoms and affect overall prognosis. In this article, the authors present data from recent epidemiological and neurobiological studies, discuss the multilevel relationship between FM and psychiatric disorders, and briefly review approaches to the treatment of co-morbid conditions.

[Structural brain changes in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and comorbid depression]. / Strukturnye izmeneniya golovnogo mozga u patsientov s visochnoi epilepsiei i komorbidnoi depressiei.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the morphological features of the brain structures in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and comorbid depression. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2020, we studied 80 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (aged 18-60 years, 38 of whom had comorbid depression) and 48 healthy subjects of comparable age. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain was performed using the epilepsy protocol in a scanner with a magnetic field strength of 1.5 T. Focal temporal lobe epilepsy was diagnosed by neurologists (epileptologists) specialising in epilepsy according to the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classification of epilepsy. Psychiatrists assessed the presence and severity of depressive disorders by clinical interview and by participants' scores on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). MRI data were processed using FreeSurfer 6.0 software to determine volumes of subcortical structures and thicknesses of cortical structures. At the group level, analysis of covariance with Holm-Bonferroni correction was used as the statistical method. RESULTS: Morphometric analysis revealed a significant decrease in the volume of the thalamus bilaterally and the brain stem and an increase in the volume of the choroid plexus in the left hemisphere, as well as a significant decrease in the thickness of the entorhinal cortex, temporal pole and isthmus of the cingulate gyrus in the left hemisphere and middle temporal gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus in the right hemisphere in patients with epilepsy compared to healthy controls. No association was found between the presence of depression and significant structural changes on MRI. CONCLUSION: The data obtained suggest an effect of temporal lobe epilepsy, but not comorbid depression, on the morphology of brain structures.

[Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures in autistic spectrum disorder]. / Psikhogennye neepilepticheskie pristupy pri rasstroistve autisticheskogo spektra.

Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) are paroxysmal conditions that resemble epileptic seizures, but are not accompanied by epileptiform activity on the electroencephalogram and are not associated with other neurological or somatic disorders. Unrecognized PNES places a heavy burden on the patient and family, and on the health care system. Among many possible combinations of PNES with psychiatric disorders, autistic spectrum disorders are the least studied. This article presents a case of a 19-year-old female patient with autistic spectrum disorder and paroxysmal events and the presence of potentially epileptogenic changes in the brain. A multidisciplinary approach made it possible to diagnose PNEP in the patient.

[Nonsuicidal self-injury in eating disorders]. / Nesuitsidal'nye samopovrezhdeniya pri rasstroistvakh pishchevogo povedeniya.

This review addresses the prevalence and mutual influence of non-suicidal self-injurious behavior (NSSI) and eating disorders (ED). The data on the role of demographic, social, biological and psychological variables in the formation of ED and NSSI comorbidity is presented. The authors analyze the influence of NSSI on the course of ED, as well as prognostic values of their combination. The problems of the choice of therapeutic tactics are also highlighted.

[Comorbidity of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures with mental disorders]. / Komorbidnost' psikhogennykh neepilepticheskikh pristupov s psikhicheskimi rasstroistvami.

The present review discusses the comorbidity of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) with other mental disorders. Data on the prevalence of mood, anxiety, psychotic and personality disorders are presented. The role of traumatic experience in the development of PNES is described. Special attention is given to PNES as an independent nosological entity and its place in the modern classifications of mental disorders.

[Psychometric properties of the Russian version of the brief «Reasons for Living Inventory¼]. / Psikhometricheskie svoistva russkoyazychnoi versii «Kratkogo oprosnika prichin dlya zhizni¼.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate psychometric properties of the Russian version of the brief Reasons for Living Inventory (bRFL) in patients with non-psychotic mental disorders (NPMD) and to define its association with current suicide ideation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Six hundred and 15 consecutive patients with NPMD were included. The median age was 27 (19) years; 403 (65.5%) were female. Cronbach's alpha, Cronbach's alpha coefficient if an item is deleted and corrected item-total correlation were used for the internal consistency evaluation. The internal structure assessment was based on the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. To identify an association of bRFL with current suicidal ideation, MANCOVA was used. RESULTS: An internal consistency of bRFL was good (Cronbach's Alpha-0.856). The exploratory factor analysis revealed a 6-factor model, explaining 80.22% of variance. These factors were: «survival and coping beliefs¼, «responsibility to family¼, «child related concerns¼, «fear of suicide¼, «fear of social disapproval¼ and «moral objections¼. The confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good agreement of the 6-factor model with an empirical data (CMIN/DF - 2.98, CFI - 0.956, SRMR - 0.05, RMSEA - 0.057, PNFI - 0.497). Regardless of gender and age, the total scores of bRFL and its subscales were significantly lower in patients with suicide ideation (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: The Russian version of bRFL is a reliable and valid tool for the assessment of the adaptive beliefs and expectations that form an anti-suicidal barrier.

[Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures]. / Psikhogennye neepilepticheskie pristupy.

The review provides epidemiological data and discuss the associated burden of non-epileptic seizures (PNES). Data on the prevalence, socio-demographic and clinical risk factors for the development of PNES are presented. The hypotheses of the PNES origin, including the contribution of psychological trauma, are considered. We also describe contemporary methods for differential diagnosis of epileptic seizures and PNES, including biomarkers and the use of diagnostic questionnaires. Special attention is given to the issues of the psychiatric comorbidity of PNES.

[Clinical variants and types of course of separation anxiety disorder in adults]. / Klinicheskie varianty i tipy techeniya trevozhnogo rasstroistva separatsii u vzroslykh.

OBJECTIVE: To study clinical manifestations of separation anxiety disorder (SAD) in adults with nonpsychotic mental disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty outpatients over 18 years of age with SAD and comorbid non-psychotic mental disorders were assessed for diagnosis by MINI and the Structured Clinical Interview for Separation Anxiety Symptoms (SCI-SAS), the Adult Separation Anxiety Self-Report Checklist (ASA-27), HARS, the Experiences in Close Relationship Scale (ECR), the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (Q-LES-Q). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Two clinical variants of the disorder: affective and cognitive-behavioral as well as two variants of the course: with onset in childhood and in adults are identified. Clinical variants and types differ in the spectrum of comorbidity, objects and styles of attachment, personality characteristics as well as correlations and prognosis.

[Pain perception and nonsuicidal self-injurious behavior]. / Vospriyatie boli pri nesuitsidal'nom samopovrezhdayushchem povedenii.

This review focuses on studies of pain threshold and tolerance in individuals with nonsuicidal self-injurious (NSSI) behavior. The data on methods of pain sensitivity studies are presented, with issues in animal modeling of NSSI discussed separately. The results of neuroimaging studies on pain sensitivity in individuals with NSSI are described, along with contribution of genetic factors, psychological variables, and disturbances in opioid and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal systems. A critical methodological analysis of the studies on pain sensitivity in individuals with NSSI was performed.

[Nonsuicidal self-injury behavior in non-psychotic disorders: epidemiology, social and clinical risk factors]. / Nesuitsidal'noe samopovrezhdaiushchee povedenie pri psikhicheskikh rasstroistvakh nepsikhoticheskogo urovnia: épidemiologiia, sotsial'nye i klinicheskie faktory riska.

This text reviews the evolution of the concept of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and discusses its place in the current classification systems. Data on the prevalence of NSSI are presented in detail and the effects of such variables as, gender, age, sexual orientation on the rate and type of NSSI are analyzed. Finally, the comorbidity of NSSI with affective and personality disorders, as well as eating disorders, is examined.

[Suicidological research in epilepsy: problems of methodology]. / Issledovanie suitsidal'nosti pri épilepsii: problemy metodologii.

The review highlights contemporary views on the problem of suicide in patients with epilepsy. The most relevant theories are presented that describe the emergence of suicidal thoughts and the transition to suicidal attempts. Along with a description of risk factors, protective factors, as well as the possible impact of comorbidity, a description of methodological deficiencies in papers on suicide in patients with epilepsy is given. Recommendations for studies related to suicidal behaviour in patients with epilepsy are discussed.

[Suicidality in the elderly: socio-cultural and clinical risk factors]. / Suitsidal'nost' v pozdnem vozraste: sotsiokul'tural'nye i klinicheskie faktory riska.

Advanced age is a significant risk factor for a completed suicide. The review considers the patterns of suicidal behavior of older adults in the context of their gender, ethnicity as well as social and cultural factors. In terms of pro- and antisuicidal variables, special emphasis is made on the role of somatic and psychic disorders. The article looks at the features of committing a suicide peculiar to the older people and debates some specific issues of self-inflicted death by elderly people. The obtained data indicate the involvement of multilevel factors (biological, clinical, cultural, micro- and microsocial) in suicidal behavior in later life.

[Suicidality in epilepsy: epidemiology and clinical risk factors]. / Suitsidal'nost' pri épilepsii: épidemiologicheskie aspekty i faktory riska.

The results of studies on the prevalence of suicidal behavior in patients with epilepsy are discussed in the article. The reasons for the high incidence of suicides among patients with epilepsy are given, with special attention paid to social, demographic, clinical and pathopsychological risk factors. Existing gaps in our knowledge about suicidal behavior in patients with epilepsy are analyzed.

[Biological basis of suicidal behavior]. / Biologicheskie osnovy suitsidal'nogo povedeniia.

Based on current clinical and classification concepts of suicidality, the biological parameters characteristic of suicidal behavior, completed and uncompleted suicides reported in the last few decades are discussed. The results obtained in the studies of neurotransmitter and other brain systems, immune system, lipid and other types of metabolism as well as data of neuroimaging brain studies and post-mortem investigation of brain structures are presented.