RESUMEN
Alcoholic myopathy is characterized by the reduction in cross-sectional area (CSA) of muscle fibers and impaired anabolic signaling. The goal of the current study was to investigate the causes and compare the changes in CSA and fiber type composition with the modifications of anabolic and catabolic signaling pathways at the early stages of chronic alcohol consumption in women. Skeletal muscle samples from 5 female patients with alcohol abuse (AL; 43 ± 5 yr old; alcohol abuse duration 5,6 ± 0,6 yr) were compared with the muscle from the control group of 8 healthy women (C; 35 ± 4 yr old). The average daily dose of alcohol consumption was 110 ± 10 ml of pure ethanol. In women patients, a significant decrease in CSA of type I and II muscle fibers, titin and nebulin content, plasma IGF-1 level and total IRS-1, p-Akt and p-4E-BP1 in vastus lateralis was found in comparison with the control group. The p-AMPK level was found to be increased versus the control group. In women patients with chronic alcoholic myopathy 1) both fast and slow muscle fibers are subjected to atrophy; 2) impairments in IGF-I-dependent signaling and pathways controlling translation initiation (AMPK/mTOR/4E-BP1), but not translation elongation, are observed; 3) the level of calpain-1 and ubiquitinated proteins increases, unlike E3 ligases content.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos Inducidos por Alcohol/metabolismo , Alcoholismo/metabolismo , Fibras Musculares de Contracción Rápida/metabolismo , Fibras Musculares de Contracción Lenta/metabolismo , Enfermedades Musculares/metabolismo , Músculo Cuádriceps/metabolismo , Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales/metabolismo , Adenilato Quinasa/metabolismo , Adulto , Trastornos Inducidos por Alcohol/patología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/metabolismo , Conectina/metabolismo , Femenino , Humanos , Proteínas Sustrato del Receptor de Insulina/metabolismo , Factor I del Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina/metabolismo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fibras Musculares de Contracción Rápida/patología , Fibras Musculares de Contracción Lenta/patología , Proteínas Musculares/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/patología , Enfermedades Musculares/patología , Tamaño de los Órganos , Fosfoproteínas , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Músculo Cuádriceps/patología , Transducción de Señal , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Animal studies showed that alcoholic myopathy is characterized by the reduction in myofiber cross-sectional area (CSA) and by impaired anabolic signaling. The goal of this study was to compare changes in CSA and fiber type composition with modifications in anabolic and catabolic signaling pathways at the early stages of alcohol misuse in humans. METHODS: Skeletal muscle samples from 7 male patients with chronic alcohol abuse (AL; 47.7 ± 2.0 years old; alcohol misuse duration 7.7 ± 0.6 years) were compared with muscle from a control group of 7 healthy men (C; 39.7 ± 5.0 years old). Biopsies from vastus lateralis muscles were taken and analyzed for the changes in fiber type composition, fiber CSA, and for the alterations in anabolic and catabolic signaling pathways. RESULTS: AL patients did not have detectable clinical myopathy symptoms or muscle fiber atrophy, but the relative proportion of fast fibers was increased. There was a significant decrease in IGF-1 in plasma and IRS-1 protein content in muscle of AL group. Levels of total and phosphorylated p70S6K1, GSK3ß, and p90RSK1 were not different between AL and C groups. Muscle of AL patients had increased mRNA expression of HSP70 and HSP90. A marker of anabolic pathway p-4E-BP1 was decreased, while catabolic markers (MuRF-1, MAFbx, ubiquitinated proteins) were increased in AL patients when compared with C group. CONCLUSIONS: At the early stages of alcohol misuse in humans, changes in the regulation of anabolic and catabolic signaling pathways precede the development of skeletal muscle atrophy and manifestation of clinical symptoms of alcoholic myopathy.