Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 21
Filtrar
Más filtros










Base de datos
Intervalo de año de publicación
1.
Free Radic Biol Med ; 195: 219-230, 2023 02 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36587924

RESUMEN

The function of mitochondrial fusion and fission is one of the important factors causing ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in diabetic myocardium. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is abundantly expressed in heart, which involved in the regulation of cellular energy metabolism and stress response. However, the mechanism of ALDH2 regulating mitochondrial fusion and fission in diabetic myocardial I/R injury has not been elucidated. In the present study, we found that the expression of ALDH2 was downregulated in rat diabetic myocardial I/R model. Functionally, the activation of ALDH2 resulted in the improvement of cardiac hemodynamic parameters and myocardial injury, which were abolished by the treatment of Daidzin, a specific inhibitor of ALDH2. In H9C2 cardiomyocyte hypoxia-reoxygenation model, ALDH2 regulated the dynamic balance of mitochondrial fusion and fission and maintained mitochondrial morphology stability. Meanwhile, ALDH2 reduced mitochondrial ROS levels, and apoptotic protein expression in cardiomyocytes, which was associated with the upregulation of phosphorylation (p-PI3KTyr458, p-AKTSer473, p-mTOR). Moreover, ALDH2 suppressed the mitoPTP opening through reducing 4-HNE. Therefore, our results demonstrated that ALDH2 alleviated the ischemia and reperfusion injury in diabetic cardiomyopathy through inhibition of mitoPTP opening and activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.


Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus , Cardiomiopatías Diabéticas , Daño por Reperfusión Miocárdica , Ratas , Animales , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/genética , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Aldehído Deshidrogenasa Mitocondrial/genética , Aldehído Deshidrogenasa Mitocondrial/metabolismo , Cardiomiopatías Diabéticas/genética , Cardiomiopatías Diabéticas/metabolismo , Dinámicas Mitocondriales/genética , Miocitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/genética , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/metabolismo , Daño por Reperfusión Miocárdica/metabolismo , Isquemia/metabolismo , Apoptosis , Diabetes Mellitus/metabolismo
2.
GM Crops Food ; 10(3): 181-190, 2019.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31366287

RESUMEN

Glyphosate tolerant soybeans represent a large portion of soybeans grown and fed to farm animals around the world. Despite their widespread use for many years, some have raised questions regarding their safety because the soybeans were genetically modified. The CP4 EPSPS gene which imparts resistance to topical application of the herbicide glyphosate was introduced into soybeans. Application of glyphosate to soybean fields will reduce weed pressure and increase soybean yield. To assess their safety on the rat reproduction system, male Sprague Dawley rats were fed either glyphosate-tolerant (GM) soybean (40-3-2) or near-isogenic, non-GM (A5403) (control) soybean meal. The processed soybean meal was added to formulated rodent diets at 20% (w/w) and fed to rats for 90 days. Some rats from the control group were separately administered mitomycin C for 40 days and served as positive controls in the sperm abnormality test. Body weights and behavior were monitored daily, serum enzymes and histologic and EM appearance of the testis, and sperm morphology were also examined. After 90 days of feeding, no adverse effects were observed in rats fed glyphosate-tolerant soybeans.


Asunto(s)
Glycine max/genética , Glicina/análogos & derivados , Herbicidas/efectos adversos , Testículo/efectos de los fármacos , Alimentación Animal , Animales , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Glicina/efectos adversos , Resistencia a los Herbicidas , Masculino , Mitomicina/administración & dosificación , Mitomicina/farmacología , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/crecimiento & desarrollo , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Glycine max/crecimiento & desarrollo , Glifosato
3.
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol ; 103: 292-300, 2019 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30738882

RESUMEN

A 90-day subchronic toxicology screen of genetically modified (GM) rice Lac-3 expressing human lactoferrin (hLF) and its effects on the gut microbiota were studied in comparison to non-GM rice fed to Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Three different dietary concentrations (17.5%, 35% and 70%, w/w) of the GM rice or its corresponding non-GM rice were used. Additionally, the phylotypes of gut microbiota in the control group, the 70% GM rice diet group and the 70% non-GM rice diet group on day 90 were determined by 16S rRNA sequencing. The results of the 90-day subchronic feeding study demonstrated that the GM rice Lac-3 containing human lactoferrin (LF) gene is considered as safe as the non-GM rice. The results of bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing showed that the structure of gut microbiota in the 70% GM group slightly changed when compared with the control group and the 70% non-GM group. There were no significant differences in the microbiota diversity among the three groups.


Asunto(s)
Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Lactoferrina/toxicidad , Oryza/genética , Animales , Dieta , Femenino , Humanos , Lactoferrina/administración & dosificación , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley
4.
Anal Chim Acta ; 1047: 179-187, 2019 Jan 24.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30567648

RESUMEN

Reliable and simple detection methods for chemotherapeutic agent contaminants, such as methotrexate, are required to minimize their possible toxic threat. However, detecting them remains a challenging in environmental and biological analysis. Here, we developed a fluorescent N, S co-doped carbon quantum dots (N, S co-doped CQDs) probe to detect methotrexate on the basis of the inner filter effect of fluorescence. Under optimized conditions, the fluorescent probe exhibits high sensitivity and specific selectivity with a linear detection range from 0.4 µg/mL to 41.3 µg/mL and a low detection limit of 12 ng/mL (S/N = 3). Further, this N, S co-doped CQDs fluorescent probe can be used to analyze extracellular fluids and wastewater samples satisfactorily, thereby showing a remarkable potential for broad applications in biological molecule determination and environmental analysis.


Asunto(s)
Carbono/química , Colorantes Fluorescentes/química , Metotrexato/análisis , Puntos Cuánticos/química , Células A549 , Transferencia de Energía , Fluorescencia , Humanos , Límite de Detección , Espectrometría de Fluorescencia/métodos , Aguas Residuales/análisis
5.
PeerJ ; 6: e5799, 2018.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30397542

RESUMEN

Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 (MPC1) is a component of the MPC1/MPC2 heterodimer that facilitates the transport of pyruvate into mitochondria. Pyruvate plays a central role in carbohydrate, fatty, and amino acid catabolism. The present study examined epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) and intrascapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) from MPC1± mice following 24 weeks of feeding, which indicated low energy accumulation as evidenced by low body and eWAT weight and adipocyte volume. To characterize molecular changes in energy metabolism, we analyzed the transcriptomes of the adipose tissues using RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq). The results showed that the fatty acid oxidation pathway was activated and several genes involved in this pathway were upregulated. Furthermore, qPCR and western blotting indicated that numerous genes and proteins that participate in lipolysis were also upregulated. Based on these findings, we propose that the energy deficiency caused by reduced MPC1 activity can be alleviated by activating the lipolytic pathway.

6.
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol ; 97: 144-151, 2018 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29940211

RESUMEN

Soybean is an important food resource for the eastern countries and herbicide-tolerant genetically modified soybeans (GMS) were widely developed to deal with weeds problems. Unprocessed soybean flour instead of dehulled and defatted soybean meal was used to reflect the safety of soybean food in whole. Rats were given formulated diets containing DP-356Ø43 or non-GM soybean JACK at an incorporation rate of 7.5%, 15%, or 30% (w/w), respectively for 90 days. Targeted traditional toxicological response variables were measured to reflect the holistic health of animals. No treatment-related adverse or toxic effects were observed based on an examination of the daily clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, hematology, serum biochemistry, and organ weight or based on gross and histopathological examination. The results demonstrate that the soybean DP-356Ø43 is as safe for consumption as conventional soybean JACK. In the current study, the effect of a herbicide-tolerant GMS DP-356043 on identified intestinal microbiota was evaluated in a rodent feeding study compared with its conventional control JACK. Feces samples from rats consuming different diets were collected before the start of the experiment (time 0) and at monthly intervals (at the end of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd months) over the course of 90 days. Six types of bacterias shared by humans and rats were detected with Q-PCR. The results of QPCR indicated that the GMS 356Ø43 had a comparable effect on the abundance of Bifidobacterium group, Clostridium perfringens subgroup, Escherichia coli, and Bacteroides-Prevotella group as the non-GMS JACK.


Asunto(s)
Alimentación Animal/toxicidad , Heces/microbiología , Inocuidad de los Alimentos , Glycine max/toxicidad , Microbiota/efectos de los fármacos , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/toxicidad , Animales , Femenino , Masculino , Microbiota/genética , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/genética , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Glycine max/genética
7.
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol ; 96: 146-152, 2018 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29763631

RESUMEN

Genetically modified (GM) maize, DAS-40278-9, expresses the aryloxyalkanoate dioxygenase-1 (AAD-1) protein, which confers tolerance to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and aryloxyphenoxypropionate (AOPP) herbicides. The aad-1 gene, which expresses the AAD-1 protein, was derived from Gram-negative soil bacterium, Sphingobium herbicidovorans. A 90-day sub-chronic toxicity study was conducted on rats as a component of the safety evaluation of DAS-40278-9 maize. Rats were given formulated diets containing maize grain from DAS-40278-9 or a non-GM near isogenic control comparator at an incorporation rate of 12.5%, 25%, or 50% (w/w), respectively for 90 days. In addition, another group of rats was fed a basic rodent diet. Animals were evaluated by cage-side and hand-held detailed clinical observations, ophthalmic examinations, body weights/body weight gains, feed consumption, hematology, serum chemistry, selected organ weights, and gross and histopathological examinations. Under the condition of this study, DAS-40278-9 maize did not cause any treatment-related effects in rats compared with rats fed diets containing non-GM maize.


Asunto(s)
Alimentación Animal/análisis , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/efectos adversos , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/genética , Zea mays/genética , Animales , Femenino , Masculino , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/química , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Zea mays/química
8.
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol ; 94: 299-305, 2018 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29462651

RESUMEN

The genetically modified (GM) soybean FG72 contains two exogenous genes: p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (hppd) and double mutant 5-enol pyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (2mepsps), endowing the FG72 with the glyphosate and isoxaflutole herbicides resistant abilities for presence of the 2mEPSPS and HPPD W336 proteins. A food safety assessment of GM soybean FG72 was evaluated by a 90-days feeding study using three different dietary concentrations (7.5%, 15%, or 30% w/w) of the GM soybean or its corresponding non-GM cultivar Jack fed to Sprague-Dawley rats. In our study, no biologically significant differences on animal daily clinical signs, body weights, clinical observations, hematology, clinical chemistry, histopathology on selected organs were observed within the GM soybean groups and among the GM soybean groups, the non-GM soybean groups and the control group. The results of the 90-days subchronic feeding study demonstrated that the GM soybean FG72 is as safe as the conventional non-GM soybean Jack.


Asunto(s)
Inocuidad de los Alimentos , Alimentos Modificados Genéticamente , Glycine max/genética , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente , 3-Fosfoshikimato 1-Carboxiviniltransferasa/genética , 4-Hidroxifenilpiruvato Dioxigenasa/genética , Animales , Dieta , Resistencia a Medicamentos , Femenino , Glicina/análogos & derivados , Herbicidas , Isoxazoles , Masculino , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Pruebas de Toxicidad Subcrónica , Glifosato
9.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun ; 495(1): 1008-1013, 2018 01 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29175325

RESUMEN

Pyruvate is a central substrate in energy metabolism, paramount to carbohydrate, fat, and amino acid catabolic and anabolic pathways. Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1(MPC1) is one important component of the complex that facilitates mitochondrial pyruvate import. Complete MPC1 deficiency is a serious concern, and has been shown to result in embryonic lethality in mice. The study outlined in this paper generated one mouse line with the MPC1 protein part deficiency by using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Clinical observations, body weight and organ/tissue weight, gas exchange, cold-stimulation, blood parameters, as well as histopathology analysis were analyzed to evaluate potential physiological abnormalities caused by MPC1 deficiency. Results indicate that MPC1+/- mice experienced a change in important clinical criteria such as low body weight, decreased movement, and low body shell temperature, few adipose accumulate. The mice show significant difference in some blood parameters including apo-B100, apo-A1, HDL, glucagon, insulin. However these changes alleviated while being fed with the HFD, which provided metabolites to sustain the TCA cycle and body development. The MPC1+/- mice may employ fatty acid oxidation to meet their bioenergetic demands. This study suggests that inhibition of MPC1 activity can boost fatty acid oxidation to provide sufficient energy to the body. This work promotes further studies regarding the interplay between carbohydrate and fat metabolism.


Asunto(s)
Peso Corporal/fisiología , Metabolismo Energético/fisiología , Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Consumo de Oxígeno/fisiología , Proproteína Convertasa 1/metabolismo , Ácido Pirúvico/metabolismo , Animales , Respuesta al Choque por Frío/fisiología , Activación Enzimática , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Noqueados , Oxidación-Reducción
10.
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol ; 91: 226-234, 2017 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29074276

RESUMEN

Canola is one of the most important plant oilseed crops. To avoid the threat of herbicides, the RF3 line with bar gene and barstar gene was developed, which can act as glufosinate resistance resources and restore fertility in hybrid lines. To assess the food safety of transgenic canola RF3, 2.5%, 5% and 10% GM canola RF3 and its non-GM isogenic line Drakkar were formulated into diet to feed Spragure-Dawley (SD) rats for 90 days. The effects on the general growth and toxicological parameters, as well as gut microbiota of rats, were evaluated. Several significant differences on body weight, feed consumption, relative organ weight, hematology and serum biochemistry were observed among rats in the 90-day feeding test. However, these statistical differences were randomly observed among different groups and were not dose-related, which were not considered to be biologically significant. Furthermore, the results of bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing of fecal samples showed that the diets containing GM canola did not disturb the balance of gut microbiota. In conclusion, the canola RF3 is considered as safe and wholesome as the non-GM canola based on this 90-day feeding test and gut microbiota analysis.


Asunto(s)
Alimentación Animal/efectos adversos , Brassicaceae/efectos adversos , Brassicaceae/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/efectos adversos , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/genética , Animales , Productos Agrícolas/efectos adversos , Productos Agrícolas/genética , Dieta/efectos adversos , Inocuidad de los Alimentos/métodos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Herbicidas/efectos adversos , Tamaño de los Órganos/efectos de los fármacos , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley
11.
Food Chem Toxicol ; 105: 214-222, 2017 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28442410

RESUMEN

Lysine is considered to be the first essential amino acid in rice. An elite High-Free-Lysine transgenic line HFL1 was previously produced by metabolic engineering to regulate lysine metabolism. In this study, a 90-day toxicology experiment was undertaken to investigate the potential health effect of feeding different doses of HFL1 rice to Sprague-Dawley rats. During the trial, body weight gain, food consumption and food efficiency were recorded, and no adverse effect was observed in rats fed transgenic (T) rice diets compared with non-transgenic (N) or control diets. At both midterm and final assessments, hematological parameters and serum chemistry were measured, and organ weights and histopathology were examined at the end of the trial. There was no diet-related difference in most hematological or serum chemistry parameters or organ weights between rats fed the T diets and those fed the N or control diets. Some parameters were found to differ between T groups and their corresponding N and/or control groups, but no adverse histological effect was observed. Taken together, the data from the current trial demonstrates that high lysine transgenic rice led to no adverse effect in Sprague-Dawley rats given a diet containing up to 70% HFL1 rice in 90 days.


Asunto(s)
Lisina/metabolismo , Oryza/metabolismo , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/metabolismo , Animales , Dieta , Femenino , Alimentos Modificados Genéticamente , Lisina/análisis , Masculino , Tamaño de los Órganos , Oryza/química , Oryza/genética , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/química , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/genética , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley
12.
Transgenic Res ; 25(4): 453-63, 2016 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26919987

RESUMEN

The food safety of stacked trait genetically modified (GM) maize GH5112E-117C containing insect-resistance gene Cry1Ah and glyphosate-resistant gene G2-aroA was evaluated in comparison to non-GM Hi-II maize fed to Sprague-Dawley rats during a 90-day subchronic feeding study. Three different dietary concentrations (12.5, 25 and 50 %, w/w) of the GM maize were used or its corresponding non-GM maize. No biologically significant differences in the animals' clinical signs, body weights, food consumption, hematology, clinical chemistry, organ weights and histopathology were found between the stacked trait GM maize groups, and the non-GM maize groups. The results of the 90-day subchronic feeding study demonstrated that the stacked trait GM maize GH5112E-117C is as safe as the conventional non-GM maize Hi-II.


Asunto(s)
Alimentación Animal , Inocuidad de los Alimentos , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/genética , Zea mays/genética , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Animales , Toxinas de Bacillus thuringiensis , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Proteínas Bacterianas/toxicidad , Análisis Químico de la Sangre , Endotoxinas/genética , Endotoxinas/toxicidad , Femenino , Proteínas Hemolisinas/genética , Proteínas Hemolisinas/toxicidad , Masculino , Tamaño de los Órganos , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Pruebas de Toxicidad Subcrónica , Aumento de Peso
13.
Transgenic Res ; 25(2): 163-72, 2016 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26581349

RESUMEN

Numerous genetically modified (GM) crops expressing proteins for insect resistance have been commercialized following extensive testing demonstrating that the foods obtained from them are as safe as that obtained from their corresponding non-GM varieties. In this paper, we report the outcome of safety studies conducted on a newly developed insect-resistant GM rice expressing the cry2A* gene by a subchronic oral toxicity study on rats. GM rice and non-GM rice were incorporated into the diet at levels of 30, 50, and 70% (w/w), No treatment-related adverse or toxic effects were observed based on an examination of the daily clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, hematology, serum biochemistry, and organ weight or based on gross and histopathological examination. These results demonstrate that the GM rice with cry2A* gene is as safe for food as conventional non-GM rice.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Endotoxinas/genética , Análisis de los Alimentos , Proteínas Hemolisinas/genética , Oryza/genética , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/genética , Animales , Toxinas de Bacillus thuringiensis , Proteínas Bacterianas/administración & dosificación , Proteínas Bacterianas/efectos adversos , Peso Corporal/genética , Endotoxinas/administración & dosificación , Endotoxinas/efectos adversos , Proteínas Hemolisinas/administración & dosificación , Proteínas Hemolisinas/efectos adversos , Humanos , Lepidópteros/genética , Lepidópteros/patogenicidad , Oryza/efectos adversos , Oryza/crecimiento & desarrollo , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/efectos adversos , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/crecimiento & desarrollo , Ratas
14.
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol ; 73(2): 620-8, 2015 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26363208

RESUMEN

Because cardiovascular disease incidence has rapidly increased in recent years, people are choosing relatively healthier diets with low animal fat. A transgenic pig with low fat and a high percentage of lean meat was created in 2011; this pig overexpresses the follistatin (FST) gene. To evaluate the safety of lean pork derived from genetically modified (GM) pigs, a subchronic oral toxicity study was conducted using Sprague-Dawley rats. GM pork and non-GM pork were incorporated into the diet at levels of 3.75%, 7.5%, and 15% (w/w), and the main nutrients of the various diets were subsequently balanced. The safety of GM pork was assessed by comparison of the toxicology response variables in Sprague-Dawley rats consuming diets containing GM pork with those consuming non-GM pork. No treatment-related adverse or toxic effects were observed based on an examination of the daily clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, hematology, serum biochemistry, and organ weight or based on gross and histopathological examination. The results demonstrate that GM pork is as safe for consumption as conventional pork.


Asunto(s)
Animales Modificados Genéticamente/genética , Folistatina/biosíntesis , Músculo Esquelético , Carne Roja , Porcinos/genética , Pruebas de Toxicidad Subcrónica/métodos , Animales , Animales Modificados Genéticamente/metabolismo , Femenino , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Proteínas Recombinantes/biosíntesis , Porcinos/metabolismo , Factores de Tiempo
15.
Transgenic Res ; 24(2): 295-308, 2015 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25367203

RESUMEN

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) transgenic rice line (mfb-MH86) expressing a synthetic cry1Ab gene can be protected against feeding damage from Lepidopteran insects, including Sesamia inferens, Chilo suppressalis, Tryporyza incertulas and Cnaphalocrocis medinalis. Rice flour from mfb-MH86 and its near-isogenic control MH86 was separately formulated into rodent diets at concentrations of 17.5, 35 and 70 % (w/w) for a 90-day feeding test with rats, and all of the diets were nutritionally balanced. In this study, the responses of rats fed diets containing mfb-MH86 were compared to those of rats fed flour from MH86. Overall health, body weight and food consumption were comparable between groups fed diets containing mfb-MH86 and MH86. Blood samples were collected prior to sacrifice and a few significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in haematological and biochemical parameters between rats fed genetically modified (GM) and non-GM diets. However, the values of these parameters were within the normal ranges of values for rats of this age and sex, thus not considered treatment related. In addition, upon sacrifice a large number of organs were weighed, macroscopic and histopathological examinations were performed with only minor changes to report. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that no toxic effect was observed in the conditions of the experiment, based on the different parameters assessed. GM rice mfb-MH86 is as safe and nutritious as non-GM rice.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Endotoxinas/genética , Harina/efectos adversos , Proteínas Hemolisinas/genética , Oryza/genética , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/genética , Animales , Bacillus thuringiensis/genética , Toxinas de Bacillus thuringiensis , Modas Dietéticas , Oryza/efectos adversos , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/efectos adversos , Ratas
16.
PLoS One ; 9(9): e106470, 2014.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25184300

RESUMEN

A recombinant lactase was expressed in Pichia pastoris, resulting in enzymatic activity of 3600 U/mL in a 5 L fermenter. The lactase product was subjected to a series of toxicological tests to determine its safety for use as an enzyme preparation in the dairy industry. This recombinant lactase had the highest activity of all recombinant strains reported thus far. Acute oral toxicity, mutagenicity, genotoxic, and subchronic toxicity tests performed in rats and mice showed no death in any groups. The lethal dose 50% (LD50) based on the acute oral toxicity study is greater than 30 mL/kg body weight, which is in accordance with the 1500 L milk consumption of a 50 kg human daily. The lactase showed no mutagenic activity in the Ames test or a mouse sperm abnormality test at levels of up to 5 mg/plate and 1250 mg/kg body weight, respectively. It also showed no genetic toxicology in a bone marrow cell micronucleus test at levels of up to 1250 mg/kg body weight. A 90-day subchronic repeated toxicity study via the diet with lactase levels up to 1646 mg/kg (1000-fold greater than the mean human exposure) did not show any treatment-related significant toxicological effects on body weight, food consumption, organ weights, hematological and clinical chemistry, or histopathology compared to the control groups. This toxicological evaluation system is comprehensive and can be used in the safety evaluation of other enzyme preparations. The lactase showed no acute, mutagenic, genetic, or subchronic toxicity under our evaluation system.


Asunto(s)
Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Lactasa/biosíntesis , Pichia/enzimología , Proteínas Recombinantes/biosíntesis , Administración Oral , Animales , Fermentación , Humanos , Lactasa/química , Lactasa/farmacología , Dosificación Letal Mediana , Ratones , Pruebas de Micronúcleos , Pichia/genética , Ratas , Proteínas Recombinantes/química , Proteínas Recombinantes/farmacología , Pruebas de Toxicidad Aguda
17.
Food Chem Toxicol ; 51: 280-7, 2013 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23000447

RESUMEN

Maize is not only a staple food crop but also an important raw material for feed and industry; however, the threat of weeds leads to a serious decline in its output and quality. The G2-aroA gene confers glyphosate herbicide tolerance to crops. In this study, the food safety of genetically modified (GM), glyphosate-tolerant maize with the G2-aroA gene was evaluated in a 90-day feeding study in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Maize grain from GM or non-GM isogenic control lines were separately formulated into rodent diets at concentrations of 12.5% (low level), 25% (middle level), and 50% (high level). An additional group of rats were fed a commercialized diet as a control. The toxicological response variables, including body weights, food consumption, serum biochemistry, hematology, and absolute and relative organ weights, were compared between rats fed GM maize and those fed non-GM maize after consumption of test diets for 90days. In addition, gross and microscopic pathology were conducted among treatment groups. No adverse effects related to the consumption of GM maize were detected in the subchronic feeding study. These results indicated that the GM glyphosate-tolerant maize was as safe and nutritious as conventional maize.


Asunto(s)
Alimentación Animal/toxicidad , Glicina/análogos & derivados , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/toxicidad , Pruebas de Toxicidad/métodos , Zea mays/genética , Animales , Análisis Químico de la Sangre , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Genes de Plantas , Glicina/farmacología , Masculino , Nivel sin Efectos Adversos Observados , Tamaño de los Órganos/efectos de los fármacos , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/genética , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Glifosato
18.
Food Chem Toxicol ; 50(9): 3256-63, 2012 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22771368

RESUMEN

The genetically-modified (GM) soybean 3Ø5423 × 40-3-2 expresses siRNA for the fatty acid desaturase-2 enzyme which results in higher concentrations of oleic acid (18:1) relative to linoleic acid (18:2) compared with non-GM soybeans. It also expresses the CP4 EPSPS protein for tolerance to glyphosate. In this study, three different dietary concentrations (7.5%, 15% and 30% wt/wt) of 3Ø5423 × 40-3-2 or non-GM soybeans were fed to Sprague-Dawley rats for 90 days during which in-life nutritional and growth performance variables were evaluated followed by analysis of standard clinical chemistry, hematology and organ variables. Compared with rats fed the non-GM control diet, some statistically significant differences were observed in rats fed the 3Ø5423 × 40-3-2 diet. However the differences were not considered treatment-related and commonly fell within the normal ranges of the control group consuming the commercial diet. These results demonstrated that the GM soybean 3Ø5423 × 40-3-2 is as safe as non-GM soybeans.


Asunto(s)
Dieta , Glycine max , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente , Animales , Peso Corporal , Conducta Alimentaria , Tamaño de los Órganos , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Aumento de Peso
19.
Food Chem Toxicol ; 50(11): 4077-84, 2012 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22735501

RESUMEN

Dehydration-responsive element-binding (DREB) proteins are important transcription factors in plant responses and signal transduction. The DREB proteins can improve the drought and salt tolerance of plants, which provides an excellent opportunity to develop stress-tolerant genetically modified crops in the future. In the present study, a novel TaDREB4 gene (GenBank Accession No: AY781355.1) from Triticum aestivum was amplified by PCR (polymerase chain reaction), and the recombinant plasmid pET 30a(+)/TaDREB4 was successfully constructed. The fusion protein was induced by IPTG (isopropyl ß-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside) and purified by the HisPrep™ FF 16/10 Column. The purity of the final purified TaDREB4 protein was 93.0%.Bioinformatic analysis and digestive stability tests were conducted to assess the allergenicity of the TaDREB4 protein, and acute toxicity tests were conducted in mice by oral administration of the TaDREB4 protein (5000 mg/kg BW). The results indicated that there was almost no similarity between the TaDREB4 protein and known allergens, and the protein was immediately degraded in simulated gastric and intestinal fluid within 15 s. In addition, no observed adverse effects were found in mice after 14 days. The results preliminary revealed that the protein is safe for human based on the current experiment.


Asunto(s)
Escherichia coli/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/toxicidad , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/toxicidad , Triticum/genética , Administración Oral , Alérgenos/toxicidad , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Masculino , Ratones , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Tamaño de los Órganos/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas de Plantas/aislamiento & purificación , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/aislamiento & purificación , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/metabolismo , Espectrometría de Masa por Láser de Matriz Asistida de Ionización Desorción , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem , Pruebas de Toxicidad Aguda
20.
Science ; 301(5634): 850-3, 2003 Aug 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12869700

RESUMEN

The tastes of sugars (sweet) and glutamate (umami) are thought to be detected by T1r receptors expressed in taste cells. Molecular genetics and heterologous expression implicate T1r2 plus T1r3 as a sweet-responsive receptor,and T1r1 plus T1r3,as well as a truncated form of the type 4 metabotropic glutamate receptor (taste-mGluR4),as umami-responsive receptors. Here,we show that mice lacking T1r3 showed no preference for artificial sweeteners and had diminished but not abolished behavioral and nerve responses to sugars and umami compounds. These results indicate that T1r3-independent sweet- and umami-responsive receptors and/or pathways exist in taste cells.


Asunto(s)
Receptores de Superficie Celular/fisiología , Papilas Gustativas/fisiología , Gusto , Animales , Nervio de la Cuerda del Tímpano/fisiología , Femenino , Nervio Glosofaríngeo/fisiología , Glucosa , Inosina Monofosfato/farmacología , Masculino , Maltosa , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Noqueados , Receptores de Superficie Celular/genética , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G , Glutamato de Sodio , Edulcorantes
SELECCIÓN DE REFERENCIAS
DETALLE DE LA BÚSQUEDA