OBJECTIV: To evaluate the risk factors of new osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) after percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP). METHODS: From January 2016 to November 2019, patients suffering from OVCFs were retrospectively reviewed. The independent influence factors for new OVCFs after PVP were assessed, from following variables: age, sex, BMI, BMD, history of alcoholism, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, glucocorticoid use, and prior vertebral fractures, the number of initial fractures, mean cement volume, method of puncture, D-type of cement leakage and regular anti-osteoporosis treatment. RESULTS: A total of 268 patients with 347 levels met the inclusion criteria and were finally included in this study. 49 levels of new OVCFs among 33 patients (12.31%) were observed during the follow-up period. It indicated that female (Adjusted OR: 6.812, 95%CI: [1.096, 42.337], P = 0.040), lower BMD (Adjusted OR: 0.477, 95%CI: [0.300, 0.759], P = 0.002), prior vertebral fractures (Adjusted OR: 16.145, 95%CI: [5.319, 49.005], P = 0.000), and regular anti-osteoporosis treatment (Adjusted OR: 0.258, 95%CI: [0.086, 0.774], P = 0.016) were independent influence factors for new OVCF. The cut-off value of BMD to reach new OVCF was -3.350, with a sensitivity of 0.660 and a specificity of 0.848. CONCLUSION: Female, lower BMD (T- score of lumbar), prior vertebral fractures and regular anti-osteoporosis treatment were independent influencing factors. BMD (T- score of lumbar) lower than -3.350 would increase risk for new OVCF, and none osteoporotic treatment has detrimental effect on new onset fractures following PVP.
