[Methodological approaches to the hygienic evaluation of total artificial lighting of classrooms with different light sources on the basis of the response of the cardiovascular system of schoolchildren].

Hygienic evaluation of innovative equipment in educational institutions requires the use of appropriate methods permitting to establish valuable criterias for the effectiveness of the application of new technologies. The study of the response of the cardiovascular system of schoolchildren under using different light sources allowed to establish the increase in adaptive capacities and the improvement of the functional state of the organism in LED in comparison with fluorescent lighting.

[New methodological approach to hygienic audit of learning and upbringing environment for children in educational institutions].

A methodical approach to the hygienic assessment of the educational environment in children's educational institutions was developed and tested for the objective determination of the level ofsanitary and epidemiological welfare and effective planning of preventive measures with bearing in mind environmental factors which have the most negative impact on children's health.

[Hygienic aspects of the use of light-emitting diode sources in the communal artificial lighting systems].

To estimate the possibilities of using light-emitting diode energy-saving lighting in the residential and public houses, industrial buildings and structures is one of society's most important tasks. The concept of these researches was to study comparative psychophysiological and functional changes in the volunteers working under general lighting generated by light-emitting diodes and luminescent lamps. The results of the study permit one to recommend the use of light-emitting diodes in general lighting systems in the rooms wherein visual and mental load work is done, i.e. in the industrial, office, and public buildings intended for adult users for different purposes, as well as in rail transport objects.

[Implication of behavioral risk factors in the development of abnormalities in junior school children].

Comprehensive medical examinations of 406 junior schoolchildren from 4 Moscow general educational schools during education and an investigation of the spread of poor factors caused by lifestyle and their influence on the functional status, autonomic homeostasis, and adaptive capacities of schoolchildren have established behavioral risk factors for abnormalities at junior school age. Multivariate analytical methods (137 variables) could ascertain the priority and behavioral risk factors in the formation of functional abnormalities in children during primary schooling: an increase in the incidence of abnormalities of the cardiovascular system by 3.5 times, the eye and its appendicular apparatus by 3.5 times, the musculoskeletal system by 4.2 times, and the nervous system by 4.8 times.

[Moscow schoolchildren's morbidity in the past 50 years].

The paper analyzes morbidity among Moscow schoolchildren in the past 50 years on the basis of the results of in-depth studies of pupils by the researchers of the Research Institute for the Hygiene and Health Care of Children and Adolescents. There is a significant reduction in the number of absolutely healthy children, the proportion of which is 2-4%. There is a considerable increase in the prevalence of dysfunctions and chronic diseases among schoolchildren. Particularly high increment rates of morbidity were observed in the 1990s. The morbidity structure has changed in the past 50 years. Both biomedical and psychosocial factors are responsible for changes in the morbidity levels and structure of children and adolescents.

[Health and physical activity in adolescents of today]. / Sostoianie zdorov'ia i fizicheskaia aktivnost' sovremennykh podrostkov.

The results of clinical and epidemiological studies conducted by the researchers of Research Institute of Hygiene and Care of Children and Adolescents, Health Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, are indicative of a substantial deterioration of health in adolescents in the late 20th century. Inactivity typical for young people of today has been found to be a major risk factor of cardiovascular functional disorders and metabolic osteopathies whose prevalence has increased among adolescents. There is evidence for that there is an association of low activity with the occurrence of calcium homeostatic disorders that result in osteomuscular diseases, cardiovascular functional disorders, deteriorated physical development, decreased functional (force) capacities of the growing organism in adolescents. In addition to inactivity, excessive exercise experienced by young athletes also causes marked disorders, in girls in particular.

[Health problems of school education reform]. / Gigienicheskie problemy reformirovaniia shkol'nogo obrazovaniia.

The paper deals with impact of educational load in pupils at present general educational establishments on their health. The great total educational load in them was found to violate the schoolchildren's routine. This more frequently forms inadequate physiological responses, develops neurotic disorders. The incidence of chronic diseases is higher in children going to new-type schools. The findings provide evidence for some medical and organizational measures to promote schoolchildren's health.

[Present-day trends in adolescents' health]. / Sovremennye tendentsii dinamiki sostoianiia zdorov'ia podrostkov.

The trends in teenagers' health in the past decade have been studied. A total of 2442 pupils from general and vocational training schools have been examined. There have been increases in morbidity and in the incidence of social diseases, there has been a decrease in their physical development. Methodological approaches to examining the health status in this age group are presented. Examining the procedures developed for monitoring adolescents' health has shown that they yield positive results.