[Relationship between carotid artery intima media thickness and risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in young men].

Positive correlation between age, leading risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) has been shown in numerous studies. Contingent of the present work was a part of long term cohort study initiated in 1983. We included in analysis data from 233 men in 120 of whom we measured IMT of right and left common carotid arteries. Other examinations included use of standard questionnaire for detection of CVD risk factors, measurement of blood serum lipid and glucose levels, arterial pressure, pulse, body mass and length, waist and hip circumferences (WC, HC), skin fold thicknesses on triceps, abdomen and forearm. We found that carotid artery IMT was related to hereditary load by CVD along paternal line. Substantial influence on the realization of unfavorable inheritance exerted level of systolic arterial pressure. Difference in magnitude of carotid artery IMT between groups of men with normal body mass and obesity were conditioned by variations in severity of abdominal obesity (WC/HC). IMT of carotid arteries in men directly depended on magnitude of their abdominal obesity and age.

[Assessment of risk of cardiovascular diseases in persons of young age].

Cardiovascular pathology appears to be big socially meaningful problem as it occupies leading place in structure of mortality and loss of working capacity in economically developed countries. Social value of the problem is enforced by observed in recent years tendency to increase of mortality of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in young age persons. It has been shown in large prospective studies that traditional CVD risk factors such as sex, lipid spectrum of blood, smoking, arterial hypertension, obesity, and hyperglycemia correlate with pathologoanatomical findings of atherosclerotic plaques in coronary arteries and abdominal aorta of young people aged 15-34 years. Proper and well-defined stratification of risk in young people will allow to approach solution of the problem of morbidity and mortality in older age. This work contains data on results of prospective multicenter epidemiological and clinical studies devoted to investigation of established and novel risk factors in the young, their contribution to development of atherosclerotic process, morbidity and mortality caused by CVD in later age. We also analyze prognostic potential of existing at this moment in the world scales for assessment of cardiovascular risk specifically in this group of population, and present data on prognostic models created specially for assessment of CVD risk in persons of young age.

[Physical activity and atherosclerosis: effect of dynamic activity of various intensity on parameters of lipid-transport system and carbohydrate metabolism in patients with coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes].

Effect of single bout of dynamic physical exercise on parameters of lipid-transport system and carbohydrate metabolism and hormones (insulin, cortisol) in the blood was studied in patients with coronary heart disease with class I-III angina and type 2 diabetes. Intensity of exercise was limited by severity of stable effort angina and was > 95, 80 and 70% of predicted maximum in patients with class I (n=10), II (n=12) and III (n=14) angina, respectively. High intensity exercise provoked development of atherogenic dyslipidemia: elevation of levels of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein B/A1 ratio, and lowering of levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1. Patients with diabetes responded to high intensity exercise by elevation of blood glucose and insulin levels and lowering of sensitivity of tissues of the periphery to insulin (glucose/insulin ratio). On the contrary exercise of moderate intensity did not affect negatively metabolism of blood lipids and carbohydrates. Six months course of physical training in patients with diabetes (n=10) corrected exogenous atherogenic dyslipidemia and derangements of carbohydrate metabolism, which developed after acute dynamic effort of high intensity.

[Effect of long-term physical training on hemostasis in patients with coronary heart disease and non-insulin dependent diabetes]. / Vliianie dlitel'nykh fizicheskikh trenirovok na parametry sistemy gemostaza u bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa v sochetanii s sakharnym diabetom 2-go tipa.

AIM: To study effects of 6-month physical training on some parameters of hemostasis in patients with coronary heart disease and non-insulin dependent diabetes (NIDDM). RESULTS: Long-term physical training resulted in lowering of fibrinogen level and increase of fibrinolytic activity assessed as euglobulin fraction clot lysis time, while factor VII activity remained unchanged. These changes were accompanied with elevation of total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels without any shifts in low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. Most pronounced positive effect physical training exerted on results of a test with standard single fat load, which was used as a model of postprandial lipemia. Serum cortisol level significantly decreased after 6-month training, especially after fat load and subsequent physical exertion. CONCLUSION: In patients with combination of coronary heart disease and NIDDM long-term physical training was associated with decreased thrombogenicity of blood.