RESUMEN
Ewing sarcoma is characterized by the expression of the chimeric EWSR1-FLI1 transcription factor. Proteomic analyses indicate that the decrease of EWSR1-FLI1 expression leads to major changes in effectors of the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton and the adhesion processes with a shift from cell-to-cell to cell-matrix adhesion. These changes are associated with a dramatic increase of in vivo cell migration and invasion potential. Importantly, EWSR1-FLI1 expression, evaluated by single-cell RT-ddPCR/immunofluorescence analyses, and activity, assessed by expression of EWSR1-FLI1 downstream targets, are heterogeneous in cell lines and in tumours and can fluctuate along time in a fully reversible process between EWSR1-FLI1high states, characterized by highly active cell proliferation, and EWSR1-FLI1low states where cells have a strong propensity to migrate, invade and metastasize. This new model of phenotypic plasticity proposes that the dynamic fluctuation of the expression level of a dominant oncogene is an intrinsic characteristic of its oncogenic potential.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Unión a Calmodulina/biosíntesis , Movimiento Celular , Proliferación Celular , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Proteínas de Fusión Oncogénica/biosíntesis , Proteína Proto-Oncogénica c-fli-1/biosíntesis , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/biosíntesis , Sarcoma de Ewing/metabolismo , Animales , Proteínas de Unión a Calmodulina/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Ratones , Ratones SCID , Invasividad Neoplásica , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Proteínas de Fusión Oncogénica/genética , Proteína Proto-Oncogénica c-fli-1/genética , Proteína EWS de Unión a ARN , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/genética , Sarcoma de Ewing/genética , Sarcoma de Ewing/patología , Pez CebraRESUMEN
Tumor angiogenesis and metastasis are key steps of cancer progression. In vitro and animal model studies have contributed to partially elucidating the mechanisms involved in these processes and in developing therapies. Besides the improvements in fundamental research and the optimization of therapeutic regimes, cancer still remains a major health threatening condition and therefore the development of new models is needed. The zebrafish is a powerful tool to study tumor angiogenesis and metastasis, because it allows the visualization of fluorescently labelled tumor cells inducing vessel remodeling, disseminating and invading surrounding tissues in a whole transparent embryo. The embryo model has also been used to address the contribution of the tumor stroma in sustaining tumor angiogenesis and spreading. Simultaneously, new anti-angiogenic drugs and compounds affecting malignant cell survival and migration can be tested by simply adding the compound into the water of living embryos. Therefore the zebrafish model offers the opportunity to gain more knowledge on cancer angiogenesis and metastasis in vivo with the final aim of providing new translational insights into therapeutic approaches to help patients.
