Cobertura da vacinação contra papilomavírus humano no Nordeste do Brasil, 2013-2021: estudo descritivo / Human papillomavirus vaccination coverage in Northeast Brazil, 2013-2021: a descriptive study / Cobertura de vacunación contra el virus del papiloma humano en el Nordeste de Brasil, 2013-2021: un estudio descriptivo

Objetivo: descrever a cobertura da vacina contra papilomavírus humano (HPV) na região Nordeste do Brasil, no período de 2013 a 2021. Métodos: estudo descritivo conduzido com dados obtidos do Programa Nacional de Imunizações, que estabelece a meta de 80% para a vacina contra o HPV para meninas entre 9 e 14 anos e meninos entre 11 e 14 anos. Resultados: as coberturas para as meninas foram de 73,9%, na primeira, e de 54,3% na segunda dose, e para meninos, as coberturas de cada dose foram de 49,7% e 32,6%, respectivamente; excetuando-se Ceará e Paraíba, que alcançaram coberturas acima de 80% na primeira dose para as meninas, nenhum estado alcançou a meta para as duas doses. Conclusões: entre 2013 e 2021, as coberturas da vacina contra HPV estiveram abaixo da meta para ambos os sexos, com exceção de Ceará e Paraíba, que atingiram a meta para a primeira dose no grupo de meninas.

Objective: to describe human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage in the Northeast region of Brazil, in the period from 2013 to 2021. Methods: this was a descriptive study conducted with data obtained from the National Immunization Program, which sets a goal of 80% coverage of HPV vaccination in girls aged between 9 and 14 years and boys aged between 11 and 14 years. Results: HPV vaccination coverage in girls was 73.9%, regarding the first dose, and 54.3% regarding the second dose, and for boys, the coverage of each dose was 49.7% and 32.6%, respectively; with the exception of the states of Ceará and Paraíba, which reached coverage above 80% regarding the first dose in girls, none of the states reached the goal for both doses. Conclusions: between 2013 and 2021, HPV vaccination coverage was below the target for both sexes, with the exception of the states of Ceará and Paraíba, which reached the goal for the first dose in the girls.

Objetivo: describir las coberturas de la vacuna contra el papilomavirus humano en la Región Nordeste de Brasil y sus estados, de 2013 a 2021. Métodos: se trata de un estudio descriptivo realizado con datos de cobertura vacunal obtenidos del Programa Nacional de Immunizaciones, que establece la meta del 80% para la vacuna. Los datos de población se obtuvieron del Departamento de Informática del Ministerio de Salud. Resultados: la cobertura de vacunación en niñas fue del 73,9% en la primera y del 54,3% en la segunda dosis; en niños la cobertura de cada dosis fue del 49,7% y 32,6%; Ceará y Paraíba alcanzaron una cobertura superior al 80% para la primera dosis en niñas, y ningún estado alcanzó la meta para las dos dosis. Conclusiones: la cobertura de la vacuna está por debajo de la meta para ambos sexos, con excepción de la primera dosis en niñas en Ceará y Paraíba.

Evidence of co-circulation of multiple arboviruses transmitted by Aedes species based on laboratory syndromic surveillance at a health unit in a slum of the Federal District, Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Vector-borne diseases, especially arboviruses transmitted by Aedes sp. mosquitos, should be a health policy priority in Brazil. Despite this urgency, there are significant limitations in the traditional surveillance system, mainly in vulnerable areas. This study aimed to investigate the circulation of dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), and chikungunya viruses (CHIKV) by laboratory syndromic surveillance (LSS) in a slum area of the Federal District of Brazil, comparing the results with traditional surveillance data. METHODS: LSS for acute febrile and/or exanthematous symptoms was developed at a health unit of Cidade Estrutural, in order to identify the circulation of arboviruses transmitted by Aedes sp. mosquitos. Between June 2019 and March 2020, 131 valid participants were identified and sera tested by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for DENV (by serotype), ZIKV, and CHIKV acute infection and by immunoglobulin M enzyme-inked immunosorbent assay (ELISA-IgM) for DENV and CHIKV 15-21 days after symptom onset, when the participant reported no respiratory signs (cough and/or coryza). The results obtained were compared with traditional surveillance data for the study area and period. RESULTS: At least three DENV-1 (2.3%), four DENV-2 (3%), and one CHIKV (0.7%) cases were confirmed in the laboratory, showing evidence of hyperendemicity even though LSS had not reached the historic peak dengue fever months in the Federal District (April-May). When the results obtained here were compared with traditional surveillance, a significant discrepancy was observed, including underreporting of CHIKV infection. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to the risks posed to the study population, the area investigated with its respective socio-environmental profile may be a potential site for spread of the virus, given the cosmopolitan presence of Aedes sp. and human mobility in the Federal District. It is also suggested that traditional epidemiological surveillance may be reporting acute viral infections other than DENV as dengue fever, while underreporting other arboviruses transmitted by Aedes sp. mosquitos in the Federal District.

Investigação de surto de Histoplasmose pulmonar aguda entre bombeiros em Brazlândia, Distrito Federal, 2017 / Investigation of acute histoplasmosis outbreak among firefighters, Distrito Federal, 2017

Objetivos: Investigar o surto de histoplasmose em bombeiros no Distrito federal/DF, ocorrido em junho de 2017. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo de coorte por meio das entrevistas realizadas com os bombeiros mediante um questionário semiestruturado. Considerou-se infectado o bombeiro que apresentou tomografia de tórax sugestiva de histoplasmose ou reagente nos testes de imunodifusão e/ou Western blot. Coletou-se amostra ambiental e realizou-se Nested PCR específico para Histoplasma capsulatum. Resultados: Entre 35 bombeiros, 94,3% eram homens; com a mediana de idade de 37 (24-45) anos, 28 foram classificados como infectados. A média de permanência dentro da caverna foi 25 minutos. O fator de risco associado à infecção foi o ato de entrar na caverna (RR=3,86; RA=71,6; p<0,02). Entre 14 amostras ambientais, 50% foram positivas para H. capsulatum. Conclusão: Confirmou-se o surto de histoplasmose de bombeiros em Brazlândia-DF, e foram tomadas ações como a interdição da caverna e o tratamento dos bombeiros.

Objectives: To nvestigate the outbreak of histoplasmosis in firefighters in Federal District/DF, which occurred in June 2017. Methods: A cohort study was conducted through interviews with firefighters by means of a semi-structured questionnaire. Firefighters who presented chest tomography suggestive of histoplasmosis or reacted to immunodiffusion and/or Western blot tests were considered infected. Environmental samples were collected and Nested PCR specific for Histoplasma capsulatum was performed. Results: Among 35 firefighters, 94.3% were men; with a median age of 37 (24-45) years, 28 were classified as infected. The average length of stay inside the cave was 25 minutes. The risk factor associated with infection was the act of entering the cave (RR = 3.86, RA = 71.6, p <0.02). Among 14 environmental samples, 50% were positive for H. capsulatum. Conclusion: The outbreak of histoplasmosis in firefighters in Brazlândia-DF was confirmed, and actions were taken such as banning the cave and treating the firefighters

Gynecological complaints and their associated factors among women in a family health-care clinic.

AIM: The aim of this study was to describe the most common gynecological complaints and possible associated factors among women of reproductive age attended at a family health-care clinic. METHODOLOGY: A transversal study conducted with a sample of an outpatient population consisting of women of reproductive age. Pregnant women and minors were excluded. The final sample consisted of women between 18 and 49 years of age. The participants answered a questionnaire in which the complaints of the last 4 weeks were registered. They were examined, had the vaginal pH assessed, and secretion was tested using a 10% potassium hydroxide solution to verify the presence of amine odor (whiff test). RESULTS: Most participants were black or of mixed races. Considering the frequency of complaints, there were no significant differences between white and nonwhite women. There was an association between vaginal pH and discharge complaints as well as unpleasant odor, positive test of amines, smoking, and performing vaginal douches. CONCLUSIONS: Vaginal complaints were common among participants; the practice of vaginal douches was also frequent and was associated with higher pH values. The use of hormonal contraceptives was associated with lower pH values. There was no significant association between condom use and gynecological complaints, vaginal pH, or the whiff test.

Secondary syphilis and acute pelvic inflammatory disease in primary health care: a case report

We present the case of a young woman who was attended to in a family health clinic. The patienthad genital lesions and lower abdominal pain, and was diagnosed with syphilis and acute pelvicinflammatory disease. Our aim is to share this experience, which occurred in a basic health unit.

Relatamos o caso de uma jovem atendida em equipe de saúde da família. Ela apresentavalesões genitais e dor no baixo ventre, tendo sido estabelecidos os diagnósticos de sífilis e doençainflamatória pélvica aguda. Nosso objetivo é compartilhar a experiência ocorrida em uma unidadede atenção primária à saúde.