Behind the Headset: Predictive Accuracy of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Voice Symptoms in Call Centers

Objective: This study examines factors predicting self-reported voice symptoms in call center workers. Methods: Multivariate analysis and predictive modeling assess personal, work-related, acoustic, and behavioral factors. Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves are employed. Results: Age and sleep patterns impacted voice quality and effort, while workplace factors influenced symptom perception. Unhealthy vocal behaviors related to tense voice and increased effort, while hydration was protective. Voice acoustics showed diagnostic potential, supported by ROC data. These findings emphasize voice symptom complexity in call center professionals, necessitating comprehensive assessment. Limitations: This study recognizes its limitations, including a moderate-sized convenience sample and reliance on PROM metrics. Future research should incorporate more objective measures in addition to self-reports and acoustic analysis. Value: This research provides novel insights into the interplay of personal, occupational, and voice-related factors in developing voice symptoms among call center workers. Predictive modeling enhances risk assessment and understanding of individual susceptibility to voice disorders. Conclusion: Results show associations between various factors and self-reported voice symptoms. Protective factors include sleeping more than six hours and consistent hydration, whereas risk factors include working conditions, such as location and behaviors like smoking. Diagnostic models indicate good accuracy for some voice symptom PROMs, emphasizing the need for comprehensive models considering work factors, vocal behaviors, and acoustic parameters to understand voice issues complexity.

Objetivo: Este estudio examina los factores que predicen los síntomas de voz en los trabajadores de call centers. Métodos: Se utilizan análisis multivariados y modelos predictivos para evaluar factores personales, laborales, acústicos y de comportamiento. Se emplean Modelos Lineales Generalizados (GLM) y curvas ROC. Resultados: La edad y los patrones de sueño afectaron la calidad vocal y el esfuerzo, mientras que los factores laborales influyeron en la percepción de síntomas. Los comportamientos vocales no saludables se relacionaron con voz tensa y mayor esfuerzo, mientras que la hidratación fue protectora. Los parámetros acústicos de voz mostraron potencial diagnóstico respaldado por datos de ROC. Los hallazgos subrayan complejidad de síntomas vocales en profesionales de centros de llamadas, requiriendo una evaluación integral. Limitaciones: Este estudio reconoce sus limitaciones, que incluyen una muestra de conveniencia de tamaño moderado y la dependencia de medidas PROMs. Futuras investigaciones deberían incorporar medidas objetivas, además de los autorreportes y análisis acústico. Importancia: Esta investigación aporta nuevos conocimientos sobre factores personales, laborales y síntomas de voz en trabajadores de call centers. El modelado predictivo mejora la evaluación de riesgos y la comprensión de la susceptibilidad individual a trastornos de la voz. Conclusión: Los resultados muestran asociaciones entre diversos factores y los síntomas vocales reportados. Los factores de protección incluyen dormir más de seis horas y una hidratación constante; los factores de riesgo incluyen las condiciones de trabajo, como la ubicación y comportamientos como fumar. Los modelos de diagnóstico indican una buena precisión para algunas PROMs de síntomas de la voz, lo que subraya la necesidad de modelos integrales que tengan en cuenta los factores laborales, los comportamientos vocales y los parámetros acústicos para comprender la complejidad de los problemas de la voz.

Experiencia y factores perioperatorios que afectan a los resultados en isquemia mesentérica aguda. Resultados de un hospital terciario chileno / Experience and perioperative factors affecting results in acute mesenteric ischemia. Results of a Chilean tertiary hospital

Introducción y objetivo: la isquemia mesentérica es poco frecuente, pero tiene una alta mortalidad. Existen pocos reportes de esta patología en países subdesarrollados. Este estudio pretende describir los resultados de un centro universitario terciario chileno y los factores que afectan a su morbimortalidad. Material y métodos: análisis retrospectivo de los pacientes intervenidos de urgencia por isquemia mesentérica aguda entre 2016 y 2021 en el Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile. Se excluyeron los pacientes manejados sin cirugía. Se analizaron factores perioperatorios, detalles operatorios, la mortalidad a 30 días y la estancia hospitalaria, entre otros. Resultados: se incluyeron 32 pacientes. La mediana de edad fue de 73,5 años (45-92). Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron hipertensión (62,5 %), diabetes mellitus (28,1 %) y enfermedad cardiovascular conocida: infarto agudo de miocardio, angina crónica, accidente cerebrovascular, isquemia aguda de extremidades y enfermedad arterial oclusiva periférica (34,4 %). El 40,6 % tenía causa arterial trombótica; el 18,8 %, arterial embólica; el 25 %, venosa, y el 15,6 %, no oclusiva (NOMI). El motivo de consulta más frecuente fue el dolor abdominal (84,4 %). En la primera intervención, el 81,3 % requirió resección intestinal. Se realizó una anastomosis en el 53,1 %. El 25 % de los pacientes fueron revascularizados, con un cirujano vascular en el equipo quirúrgico, en el 65,6 %. La mediana de estancia hospitalaria fue de 21 días (2-129). La mediana de tiempo a la cirugía fue de 10,75 horas (4,75-196)... (AU)

Introduction and objective: acute mesenteric ischemia has a low incidence but high mortality. The results of this disease are not well reported in developing countries. This study aims to describe the results of a Chilean tertiary university center and the factors that affect its morbidity and mortality. Material and methods: retrospective analysis of all patients undergoing emergency surgery for acute mesenteric ischemia between 2016 and 2021 at the hospital clínico universidad de chile. Patients managed without surgery were excluded. Demographic characteristics, perioperative factors, details of the first surgery, 30-day mortality, and hospital stay, among others, were analyzed. Results: 32 patients were included. The median age was 73.5 years (45-92). The most frequent comorbidities were arterial hypertension (62.5 %), diabetes mellitus (28.1 %) and known cardiovascular disease 34.4 % (acute myocardial infarction, chronic angina, cerebrovascular accident, acute limb ischemia, peripheral arterial occlusive disease). 40.6 % had a thrombotic arterial cause, 18.8 % embolic arterial, 25 % thrombotic venous and 15.6 % non-occlusive (NOMI). The most frequent reason for consultation was abdominal pain (84.4 %). In the first surgical intervention, 81.3 % required intestinal resection, with an anastomosis performed in 53.1 %. 25% were revascularized, with a vascular surgeon on the surgical team in 65.6 %. The median hospital stay was 21 (2-129) days. The median time from the emergency department to surgery was 10.75 hours (4.75-196). Mortality at 30 days was 40.6 %, with no differences between etiologies...(AU)

Factores predictivos de rotura de aneurismas intracraneales / Rupture Predictive Factors for Intracranial Aneurysms

Introducción: Un aneurisma intracraneal roto provoca una hemorragia subaracnoidea. La enfermedad presenta una alta mortalidad y morbilidad. Sin embargo, no todos se rompen. Mejorar la predicción de rotura permitirá un tratamiento quirúrgico preventivo en un grupo de pacientes y evitará una intervención quirúrgica con riesgos en otro grupo de enfermos. Es necesario identificar factores predictivos para mejorar la estratificación del riesgo de rotura y optimizar el tratamiento de los aneurismas intracraneales incidentales. Objetivo: Identificar factores predictivos de rotura de aneurismas intracraneales. Métodos: En una muestra de 152 pacientes espirituanos con aneurismas intracraneales saculares rotos (n = 138) y no rotos (n = 22) y 160 imágenes de angiografía por tomografía computarizada, se realizaron mensuraciones de los índices o factores morfológicos, los cuales se combinaron mediante análisis de regresión logística con variables demográficas y clínicas. Resultados: El grupo de edad con mayor frecuencia de presentación de aneurismas fue el de mayor de 65 años. La muestra estuvo representada, en su gran mayoría, por el sexo femenino. Se identificaron tres factores clínicos y cuatro factores morfológicos estadísticamente significativos, asociados con la rotura. El índice de no esfericidad (p = 0,002 y el sexo femenino (p = 0,02) fueron los de mayor significación estadística. Conclusiones: Se detectaron siete factores predictivos de rotura de aneurismas intracraneales estadísticamente significativos, de los cuales el índice de no esfericidad resultó el de mayor significación(AU)

Introduction: A ruptured intracranial aneurysm causes a subarachnoid hemorrhage. The disease has high mortality and morbidity. However, not all of them break. Improving the rupture prediction will allow preventive surgical treatment in a group of patients and it will avoid risky surgical intervention in another group of patients. It is necessary to identify predictive factors to improve rupture risk stratification and to optimize treatment of incidental intracranial aneurysms. Objective: To identify rupture predictive factors for intracranial aneurysms. Methods: Measurements of the morphological indices or factors were performed in a sample of 152 patients from Sancti Spiritus with ruptured (n = 138) and unruptured (n = 22) saccular intracranial aneurysms and 160 computed tomography angiography images. They were combined using logistic regression analysis with demographic and clinical variables. Results: The age group with the highest frequency of aneurysm presentation was older than 65. The sample was represented, in its vast majority, by the female sex. Three clinical factors and four statistically significant morphological factors associated with rupture were identified. The non-sphericity index (p = 0.002) and the female sex (p = 0.02) were the most statistically significant. Conclusions: Seven statistically significant predictors of intracranial aneurysm rupture were detected, the non-sphericity index being the most significant(AU)

Factores predictivos de mortalidad por cardiopatía ateroesclerótica en ancianos / Predictive factors of mortality due to atherosclerotic heart disease in elderly: en

Introducción: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares constituyen la primera causa de muerte en Cuba y el mundo. Objetivo: Identificar los factores predictivos de defunciones por enfermedad cardiovascular aterosclerótica en personas de edad avanzada. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico, de tipo caso-control, que incluyó a 237 pacientes fallecidos a causa de cardiopatía ateroesclerótica (casos) y 711 ancianos vivos (controles), pertenecientes a 3 áreas de salud del municipio de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero hasta diciembre de 2021. Resultados: Los factores predictivos que formaron parte del modelo fueron el tabaquismo, la dieta poco saludable, el sedentarismo, la diabetes mellitus, la enfermedad renal crónica, la fragilidad, el deterioro cognitivo y la multimorbilidad. Conclusiones: Los factores de riesgo tradicionales seleccionados en este estudio, combinados con otras condiciones potenciales, mejoraron la predicción de la mortalidad por cardiopatías en ancianos y facilitaron la orientación de las intervenciones preventivas en este grupo poblacional.

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases constitute the first death cause in Cuba and the world. Objective: To identify the predictive factors of deaths due to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in elderly people. Methods: An analytic case-control type study was carried out that included 237 dead patients due to atherosclerotic heart disease (cases) and 711 living elderly (control), belonging to 3 health areas of Santiago de Cuba municipality, from January to December, 2021. Results: The predictive factors that were part of the model were nicotine addiction, not very healthy diet, physical inactivity, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal disease, fragility, cognitive deterioration and multimorbidity. Conclusions: The traditional risk factors selected in this study, combined with other potential conditions, improved the prediction of mortality due to heart disease in elderly and facilitated the orientation of preventive interventions in this population group.

Recommendations for optimizing the use of cytology in the diagnosis and management of patients with lung cancer / Recomendaciones para optimizar el uso de la citología en el diagnóstico y manejo de pacientes con cáncer de pulmón

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the oncological entities with the greatest evolution in molecular diagnosis due to the large number of diagnostic biomarkers and new treatments approved by international regulatory agencies. An accurate, early diagnosis using the least amount of tissue is the goal for the establishing and developing precision medicine for these patients. Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) provides cytological samples of optimal quantity and quality for a complete diagnosis of NSCLC. The usefulness of cytological samples has been demonstrated, not only for massive parallel sequencing but also for the quantification of the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and tumour mutational burden (TMB).Pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical recommendations are made for the management and appropriate use of cytological samples in order to obtain all the information necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with NSCLC according to current quality parameters.(AU)

El cáncer de pulmón de célula no pequeña es la patología oncológica que más está evolucionando con respecto al diagnóstico molecular por la ingente cantidad de biomarcadores diagnósticos y nuevos tratamientos aprobados por las agencias regulatorias internacionales. La incorporación de la valoración in situ (Rapid On Site Evaluation) de las muestras obtenidas por punción-aspiración con aguja fina permite la obtención de muestras citológicas en cantidad y calidad óptimas para acometer un diagnóstico completo del cáncer de pulmón de célula no pequeña. La citología ha demostrado su utilidad en la secuenciación masiva, la determinación de la expresión del ligando 1 de muerte programada (programmed death-ligand 1) y de la carga mutacional (tumour mutational burden).En este documento se establecen recomendaciones preanalíticas, analíticas y postanalíticas que permiten manejar y aprovechar adecuadamente la muestra citológica para obtener toda la información necesaria para el diagnóstico y tratamiento del paciente con cáncer de pulmón de célula no pequeña con los parámetros de calidad exigibles hoy en día.(AU)

Recommendations for optimizing the use of cytology in the diagnosis and management of patients with lung cancer.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the oncological entities with the greatest evolution in molecular diagnosis due to the large number of diagnostic biomarkers and new treatments approved by international regulatory agencies. An accurate, early diagnosis using the least amount of tissue is the goal for the establishing and developing precision medicine for these patients. Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) provides cytological samples of optimal quantity and quality for a complete diagnosis of NSCLC. The usefulness of cytological samples has been demonstrated, not only for massive parallel sequencing but also for the quantification of the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and tumour mutational burden (TMB). Pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical recommendations are made for the management and appropriate use of cytological samples in order to obtain all the information necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with NSCLC according to current quality parameters.

Marcadores de oxigenación para la predicción de mortalidad por neumonía causada por la COVID-19

Introducción: En el Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostinho Neto" no se ha evaluado el valor de los marcadores de oxígeno para la predicción de mortalidad por neumonía causada por la COVID-19. Objetivo: Determinar el valor de los marcadores de oxigenación para la predicción de mortalidad por neumonía causada por la COVID-19 en el Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostinho Neto" de Guantánamo, Cuba, en el bienio 2020-2021. Método: Se realizó un estudio de una cohorte de 276 pacientes con neumonía causada por la COVID-19. Se estudiaron la saturación periférica de oxígeno (SpO2), saturación arterial de oxígeno (SaO2), diferencia alveolo-arterial de oxígeno (DA-aO2), relación presión arterial de oxígeno (PaO2) y fracción inspirada de oxígeno (FiO2) [PaO2/FiO2]. Se determinó la asociación entre variables y el egreso fallecido mediante la técnica de Ji cuadrado de independencia y el cálculo de Odds Ratio (OR). Resultados: La variable con mayor valor predictivo positivo fue la SpO2 (87,3 %) menor de 90 mmHg al momento del ingreso. El mayor valor predictivo negativo se registró para la variable DA-aO2 menor de 20 mmHg a las 48 h del ingreso (95,6 %). El riesgo atribuible fue superior para la relación PaO2/FiO2 menor de 300 mmHg (0,59) al momento del ingreso (0,52). El riesgo atribuible porcentual fue mayor para la variable DA-aO2 mayor o igual a 20 mmHg al momento del ingreso (95,8 %) y a las 48 h del ingreso (95,3 %). Conclusiones: La anormalidad de la DA-aO2, la relación PaO2/FiO2, la SaO2 y la SpO2, al momento del ingreso y a las 48 horas de este, son predictores de mortalidad en pacientes con COVID-19.

Introduction: The value of oxygen as a prognostic maker of mortality due to COVID-19 pneumonia has not been evaluated at the Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostinho Neto". Objective: To identify the values of oxygenation markers for prognosing mortality caused by COVID-19 pneumonia at the Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostinho Neto" de Guantánamo, Cuba, throughout period 2020-2021. Method: A cohort of 276 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia was studied. Peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), the difference between the oxygen concentration in the alveoli and arterial system (DA-aO2), arterial oxygen pressure ratio (PaO2) and inspired oxygen fraction (FiO2) [PaO2/FiO2] were studied. The association between variables and deceased discharge was determined using the Chi-square technique and the Odds Ratio (OR) calculation. Results: The variable with the highest positive predictive value was SpO2 (87.3 %) with a value lower than 90 mmHg at admission. The highest negative predictive value was recorded for the DA-aO2 variable (95.6%), less than 20 mmHg at 48 hours after admission. Attributable risk was higher for PaO2/FiO2 ratio, less than 300 mmHg (0.59), at admission (0.52). Attributable risk percent was higher for the variable DA-aO2 ≥ 20 mmHg at admission (95.8 %) and at 48 hours after admission (95.3 %). Conclusions: Abnormal DA-aO2, PaO2/FiO2 ratio, SaO2 and SpO2, at admission and 48 hours after admission, are predictive markers of mortality in patients with COVID-19.

Introdução: No Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostinho Neto" não avaliou o valor dos marcadores de oxigênio para a previsão de mortalidade por pneumonia causada pelo COVID-19. Objetivo: Determinar o valor dos marcadores de oxigenação para a predição de mortalidade por pneumonia causada por COVID-19 no Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostinho Neto" de Guantánamo, Cuba, no biênio 2020-2021. Método: Foi realizado um estudo de coorte de 276 pacientes com pneumonia causada por COVID-19. Saturação periférica de oxigênio (SpO2), saturação arterial de oxigênio (SaO2), diferença alvéolo-arterial de oxigênio (DA-aO2), relação pressão arterial de oxigênio (PaO2) e fração inspirada de oxigênio (FiO2) [PaO2/FiO2]. A associação entre variáveis e alta por óbito foi determinada por meio da técnica Qui-quadrado de independência e cálculo de Odds Ratio (OR). Resultados: A variável com maior valor preditivo positivo foi SpO2 (87,3%) inferior a 90 mmHg no momento da admissão. O maior valor preditivo negativo foi registrado para a variável DA-aO2 inferior a 20 mmHg 48 h após a admissão (95,6%). O risco atribuível foi maior para relação PaO2/FiO2 inferior a 300 mmHg (0,59) no momento da admissão (0,52). O percentual de risco atribuível foi maior para a variável AD-aO2 maior ou igual a 20 mmHg no momento da admissão (95,8%) e 48 horas após a admissão (95,3%). Conclusões: A anormalidade da AD-aO2, da relação PaO2/FiO2, SaO2 e SpO2, no momento da admissão e 48 horas após a admissão, são preditores de mortalidade em pacientes com COVID-19.

La probabilidad de detección de tumor residual en la segunda resección transuretral del cáncer de vejiga urotelial PT1 según los factores de riesgo / The probability of residual tumor detection in the second transurethral resection of PT1 urothelial bladder cancer according to the risk factors

Objetivo Analizar los factores predictivos de tumores residuales en la segunda resección tras la resección transuretral inicial del tumor de vejiga en pacientes con tumores pT1 y desarrollar un método sencillo para predecir la probabilidad de detección del tumor residual. Material y métodos En nuestro estudio retrospectivo se incluyeron pacientes con cáncer de vejiga pT1 que se sometieron a una segunda resección entre 2 y 6 semanas después de la primera resección transuretral del tumor de vejiga. Se registraron los datos demográficos de los pacientes y las características del tumor en la primera y segunda resección. Resultados En nuestro análisis se incluyeron 144 pacientes con un seguimiento de 53 meses. En el análisis de regresión logística univariante, el grado del tumor, el carcinoma in situ concomitante, el aspecto macroscópico del tumor (sólido frente a papilar) y la presencia de una histología diferente, fueron factores de riesgo significativos para el tumor residual. En el análisis multivariante, solo el grado del tumor fue un factor predictivo independiente del tumor residual en la segunda resección transuretral (OR: 5,62; IC del 95%: 1,228-25,708; p=0,026). Según nuestros resultados, los pacientes con el riesgo más alto tienen una probabilidad de detección de tumor residual del 90,9% en la segunda resección, y en los pacientes con el riesgo más bajo es del 25,4%. Conclusiones El grado del tumor, el aspecto macroscópico del tumor (sólido frente a papilar) y el carcinoma in situ concomitante fueron predictores significativos de tumores residuales en la segunda resección de pacientes con cáncer de vejiga no músculo invasivo pT1 primario. Descubrimos que se podía calcular la probabilidad de un tumor residual para así determinar estrategias adaptadas al riesgo en función de estas probabilidades (AU)

Objective To analyze the predictive factors for residual tumors in the second resection after the initial transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TUR-BT) in patients with pT1 tumors and to develop a simple method to predict the probability of residual tumor detection. Material and methods Patients with pT1 bladder cancer who underwent a second resection within 2 to 6 weeks after the initial transurethral resection of bladder tumor were included in our retrospective study. The patients’ demographics and the tumor characteristics of the initial and second resections were recorded. Results A total of 144 patients were included in our analysis with a 53-month follow-up. In the univariate logistic regression analysis, tumor grade, concomitant carcinoma in situ, macroscopic appearance of the tumor (solid vs papillary), and presence of a variant histology, were significant risk factors for residual tumor. In the multivariate analysis, tumor grade was the only independent predictor of residual tumor at second transurethral resection (OR: 5.62, 95% CI: 1.228–25.708, p=0.026). According to our findings, the patients with the highest risk have a 90.9% residual tumor detection probability at the second resection, and the patients with the lowest risk have 25.4% Conclusions Tumor grade, macroscopic appearance of the tumor (solid vs papillary), and concomitant carcinoma in situ, were important predictors of residual tumors at second resection of primary pT1 non-muscle invasive bladder cancer patients. We were able to calculate the probability of residual tumor which helped us determine risk adapted strategies according to these probabilities (AU)

The probability of residual tumor detection in the second transurethral resection of pT1 urothelial bladder cancer according to the risk factors.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the predictive factors for residual tumors in the second resection after the initial transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TUR-BT) in patients with pT1 tumors and to develop a simple method to predict the probability of residual tumor detection. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with pT1 bladder cancer who underwent a second resection within two to six weeks after the initial TUR-BT were included in our retrospective study. The patients' demographics and the tumor characteristics of the initial and second resections were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 144 patients were included in our analysis with a 53-month follow-up. In the univariate logistic regression analysis, tumor grade, concomitant carcinoma in situ (CIS), macroscopic appearance of the tumor (solid vs papillary), and presence of a variant histology, were significant risk factors for residual tumor. In the multivariate analysis, tumor grade was the only independent predictor of residual tumor at second TUR (OR: 5.62, 95% CI: 1.228-25.708, p = 0.026). According to our findings, the patients with the highest risk have a 90.9% residual tumor detection probability at the second resection, and the patients with the lowest risk have 25.4%. CONCLUSIONS: Tumor grade, macroscopic appearance of the tumor (solid vs papillary), and concomitant CIS, were important predictors of residual tumors at second resection of primary pT1 NMIBC patients. We were able to calculate the probability of residual tumor which helped us determine risk adapted strategies according to these probabilities.

Metastasic Prostate Cancer: Predictive Factors of Earlier Progression to Castration-Resistance

Introduction: Prostate cancer (PCa) can progress to the lethal phenotype of metastatic castration resistance (mCRPC), either from initially localized disease or de novo metastatic cancer. New drugs improving overall survival are now the cornerstone of treatment. Nevertheless, there are no defined sequences or established timing to initiate or discontinue treatments; besides, not all patients end in CRPC or reach this stage at the same time. Objective: To evaluate characteristics of patients who progress to mCRPC and establish an association with time to mCRPC diagnosis. Material and Methods: Retrospective, descriptive and observational study of 35 mCRPC patients, performed from 2013 to 2017. Variables analyzed were age, Gleason score and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) at diagnosis, initial stage, response time to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), PSA nadir on ADT and time until mCRPC progression. Statistical analysis comparing variables with time to mCRPC diagnosis was performed. Results: Average age at diagnosis was 68.9 years; PSA values were classified into 3 categories: <20 ng/ml, 20-50 and >50. Gleason score was 7 in 50%, and 8-9 in the rest. Tumor was initially localized in 46% of the patients and metastatic in the rest. PSA nadir on ADT was <1 ng/ml in 67%. Average time to androgen deprivation: 5.5 years, time to mCRPC diagnosis: 6.9 years. Significant associations between time to mCRPC and time of androgen deprivation, PSA nadir during ADT and stage at diagnosis were found. Conclusion: Response time to ADT <1 year, PSA nadir value >5 ng/ml during treatment and metastatic stage at diagnosis were associated with earlier progression to mCRPC (AU)

Introducción: El cáncer de próstata (CaP) puedeprogresar al fenotipo letal de resistencia a la castraciónmetastásica (CPRCm), ya sea por enfermedad inicialmentelocalizada o por cáncer metastásico de novo. Los nuevosmedicamentos que mejoran la supervivencia general sonahora la piedra angular del tratamiento. Sin embargo, nohay secuencias definidas ni tiempos establecidos para iniciar o suspender los tratamientos; además, no todos los pacientes terminan en CPRC o llegan a esta etapa al mismotiempo.Objetivo: Evaluar las características de los pacientesque progresan a CPRCm y establecer una asociación entreéstas y el tiempo hasta el diagnóstico de CPRCm.Material y Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo y observacional de 35 pacientes con CPRCm, realizado entre 2013 y 2017. Las variables analizadas fueronedad, puntaje de Gleason y antígeno prostático específico(PSA, por sus siglas en inglés) al diagnóstico, estadio inicial, tiempo de respuesta a la terapia de deprivación androgénica (TDA), Nadir de PSA en TDA y tiempo hastala progresión a CPRCm. Se realizó un análisis estadísticocomparando las variables con el tiempo hasta el diagnósticode CPRCm.Resultados: La edad promedio al diagnóstico fue de68,9 años; Los valores de PSA<20: 15% de los pacientes,PSA 20-50: 63% de los pacientes, y PSA>50 20%. La puntuación de Gleason fue de 7 en el 50% y de 8-9 en el resto.El tumor fue inicialmente localizado en el 46% de los pacientes y metastásico en el resto. El nadir de PSA en TDAfue <1 ng / ml en 67%. Tiempo medio de respuesta a TDA:5,5 años, tiempo hasta el diagnóstico de CPRCm: 6,9 años.Se encontraron asociaciones significativas entre el tiempohasta CPRCm y el tiempo de deprivación de andrógenos, elnadir de PSA durante el TDA y el estadio al momento deldiagnóstico.Conclusión: el tiempo de respuesta a TDA <1 año... (AU)

Predictive factors of invasion in ductal carcinoma in situ diagnosed by core-needle biopsy.

OBJECTIVE: To identify clinical, radiological, and histopathological characteristics that could be predictive factors of microinvasive/invasive breast carcinoma in patients with diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) by core-needle biopsy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study conducted from 2006-2017, which included women ≥18 years of age with initial DCIS, and who were treated with surgery. Final diagnosis was divided in DCIS and microinvasive/invasive carcinoma. RESULTS: 334 patients were included: 193 (57.8%) with DCIS and 141 (42.2%) with microinvasive/invasive carcinoma (microinvasive 5.1%, invasive 37.1%). Lymph node metastasis occurred in 16.3%. Differences between DCIS and microinvasive/invasive groups included the presence of palpable nodule (36.7% vs. 63.2%), radiological nodule (29% vs. 51%), bigger radiological-tumor size (1.2 cm vs. 1.7 cm), and larger microcalcification extension (2.5 cm vs. 3.1 cm), all of these variables p ≤0.05. Hormonal receptors and HER2 expression were similar. After logistic regression analysis, predictive factor of invasion was the presence of palpable nodule (OR = 4.072, 95%CI = 2.520-6.582, p <0.001) and radiological multicentric disease (OR = 1.677, 95%CI = 1.036-2.716, p = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with DCIS, palpable nodule, and radiological multicentric disease, upgrade to microinvasive/invasive is high, and sentinel lymph node is recommended.

OBJETIVO: Identificar características clínicas, radiológicas e histopatológicas como factores predictivos de carcinoma mamario microinvasor/invasor en pacientes con Carcinoma Ductal In Situ (CDIS) diagnosticado mediante aguja de corte. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo de 2006­2017, en mujeres ≥18 años con CDIS diagnosticado con aguja de corte y tratadas con cirugía. Los diagnósticos finales fueron CDIS y carcinoma microinvasor/invasor. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 334 pacientes, 193 (57.8%) con CDIS y 141 (42.2%) con carcinoma microinvasor/invasor (microinvasor 5.1%, invasor 37.1%). Hubo 16.3% casos con afección ganglionar. Las diferencias entre el grupo de CDIS y carcinoma microinvasor/invasor fue la presencia de tumor palpable (36.7% vs. 63.2%), nódulo visto por imagen (29% vs. 51%), tumores más grandes (1.2 cm vs. 1.7 cm), y mayor extensión de microcalcificaciones (2.5 cm vs. 3.1 cm), estas variables con p ≤0.05. Los receptores hormonales y HER2 fueron similares. En el análisis de regresión logística, los factores predictivos de invasión fueron tumor palpable (OR = 4.072, IC95% = 2.520­6.582, p <0.001) y multicentricidad radiológica (OR = 1.677, IC95% = 1.036­2.716, p = 0.035). CONCLUSIONES: En CDIS, tumor palpable y enfermedad multicéntrica radiológica, el escalamiento a carcinoma microinvasor/invasor es alto y es recomendable realizar ganglio centinela.

Factores predictivos de mortalidad en pacientes con hemorragia digestiva alta / Predictive factors of mortality in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding / Fatores preditivos de mortalidade em pacientes com sangramento gastrointestinal superior

RESUMEN Introducción: la hemorragia digestiva alta constituye toda pérdida hemática de volumen suficiente como para producir hematemesis, melena o ambas, cuyo origen se encuentra entre el esfínter esofágico superior y el ángulo de Treitz. Objetivo: determinar los factores predictivos de mortalidad en pacientes con hemorragia digestiva alta. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico, de cohorte prospectiva. Se seleccionó una muestra de 456 pacientes mayores de 15 años con el diagnóstico clínico de hemorragia digestiva alta admitidos en el cuerpo de guardia de cirugía general y unidad de cuidados intensivos y emergentes del Hospital Celia Sánchez Manduley, Manzanillo, entre enero de 2020 a diciembre de 2021. Se identificó una cohorte de pacientes egresados vivos (n=415) y una cohorte de pacientes fallecidos (n=41). Se realizó un análisis bivariado y posteriormente un análisis multivariado. Resultados: el modelo más ajustado de los factores predictivos de mortalidad quedó constituido por las siguientes variables: edad mayor de 60 años, shock hipovolémico, insuficiencia cardíaca, insuficiencia hepática yhemorragia recidivante. Conclusiones: se obtuvo un modelo ajustado con los factores predictivos de mortalidad en pacientes con hemorragia digestiva alta. Por lo tanto, podremos egresar precozmente a un paciente con bajo riesgo de mortalidad, mientras que podemos considerar el ingreso de un paciente de alto riesgo en la unidad de cuidados intensivos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: upper gastrointestinal bleeding constitutes any blood loss of sufficient volume to produce hematemesis, melena or both, whose origin is between the upper esophageal sphincter and the angle of Treitz. Objective: to determine the predictive factors of mortality in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Methods: an observational, analytical, prospective cohort study was carried out. A sample of 456 patients older than 15 years with the clinical diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal bleeding admitted to the general surgery guardhouse and intensive and emergent care unit of the Celia Sánchez Manduley Hospital, Manzanillo, between January 2020 and December, was selected. 2021. A cohort of patients discharged alive (n = 415) and a cohort of deceased patients (n = 41) were identified. A bivariate analysis was performed and subsequently a multivariate analysis. Results: the most adjusted model of the predictive factors of mortality was made up of the following variables: age over 60 years, hypovolemic shock, heart failure, liver failure and recurrent bleeding. Conclusions: an adjusted model was obtained with the predictive factors of mortality in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Therefore, we can discharge a patient with low risk of mortality early, while we can consider the admission of a high-risk patient to the intensive care unit.

RESUMO Introdução: o sangramento gastrointestinal superior constitui qualquer perda de sangue de volume suficiente para produzir hematêmese, melena ou ambas, cuja origem se encontra entre o esfíncter esofágico superior e o ângulo de Treitz. Objetivo: determinar os fatores preditivos de mortalidade em pacientes com hemorragia digestiva alta. Métodos: foi realizado um estudo observacional, analítico e de coorte prospectivo. Foi selecionada uma amostra de 456 pacientes maiores de 15 anos com diagnóstico clínico de hemorragia digestiva alta internados na enfermaria de cirurgia geral e unidade de terapia intensiva e emergente do Hospital Celia Sánchez Manduley, Manzanillo, entre janeiro de 2020 e dezembro. coorte de pacientes que receberam alta com vida (n = 415) e uma coorte de pacientes falecidos (n = 41). Foi realizada uma análise bivariada e posteriormente uma análise multivariada. Resultados: o modelo mais ajustado dos fatores preditivos de mortalidade foi composto pelas seguintes variáveis: idade acima de 60 anos, choque hipovolêmico, insuficiência cardíaca, insuficiência hepática e sangramento recorrente. Conclusões: foi obtido um modelo ajustado com os fatores preditivos de mortalidade em pacientes com hemorragia digestiva alta. Por tanto, podemos dar alta precoce a um paciente com baixo risco de mortalidade, en quanto podemos considerar a admissão de um paciente de alto risco à unidade de terapia intensiva.

Factores predictivos de mortalidad en el infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST / Predictive factors of mortality in ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction

RESUMEN Introducción: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares son la mayor causa de mortalidad del orbe. A pesar de que la incidencia del infarto de miocardio ha disminuido en Estados Unidos, sustancialmente en las últimas décadas, no han dejado de tener un fuerte impacto socioeconómico-laboral. Objetivo: Identificar los factores predictivos de mortalidad en los pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST (IMACEST). Método: Se realizó un estudio analítico con 118 pacientes, ingresados en dos hospitales de Santiago de Cuba, durante el período comprendido entre enero de 2017 y diciembre de 2019. El análisis de los datos se basó en la construcción de un modelo multivariado (regresión logística multivariable) para identificar los factores predictivos de la mortalidad. Resultados: Hubo un total de 15 fallecidos durante el período de hospitalización. En la investigación los hombres marcaron la diferencia, sin poder asociar estadísticamente la variable de género con la mortalidad; sin embargo, la edad mayor a 80 años (RR 7,89; IC 95%: 1,97-7,93; p<0,0001), el shock cardiogénico (RR 8,12; IC 95%: 2,85-9,18; p=0,001), no aplicar la trombólisis (RR 9,13; IC 95%: 3,32-9,45; p=0,001), la ventana terapéutica mayor de 6 horas (RR 16,96; IC 95%: 9,79-62,90; p<0,0001), y la localización inferior del infarto (RR 7,89; IC 95%: 1,97-7,93; p<0,0001), mostraron una asociación estadística muy significativa con la mortalidad. Conclusiones: Se identificaron algunos factores predictivos de mortalidad para el IMACEST, donde la edad mayor a los 80 años, el shock cardiogénico y una ventana terapéutica mayor de seis horas se erigen como los principales factores causales en la explicación fisiopatológica y estadística de la mortalidad.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the top cause of mortality worldwide. Although the incidence of myocardial infarction has decreased substantially in the United States in recent decades, they have not ceased to have a strong socioeconomic and occupational impact. Objective: To identify predictive factors of mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Method: An analytical study was carried out in 118 patients, admitted to two hospitals in Santiago de Cuba, from January 2017 to December 2019. Data analysis was based on the construction of a multivariate model (multivariable logistic regression) to identify predictors of mortality. Results: There were 15 deaths in total during hospitalization period. In the research, men marked the difference, without being able to statistically associate this gender variable with mortality; however, age over 80 years old (RR 7.89; 95% CI: 1.97-7.93; p<0.0001), cardiogenic shock (RR 8.12; CI 95%: 2.85-9.18; p=0.001), not applying thrombolysis (RR 9.13; CI 95%: 3.32-9.45; p=0.001), therapeutic window greater than six hours (RR 16.96; CI 95%: 9.79-62.90; p<0.0001), and the inferior wall myocardial infraction (RR 7.89; CI 95%: 1.97-7.93; p<0.0001), showed a highly significant statistical association with mortality. Conclusions: Some predictive factors of mortality were identified for STEMI, where age older than 80 years old, cardiogenic shock and a therapeutic window longer than six hours stand as the main causal factors in the pathophysiological and statistical explanation of mortality.

Hypoalbuminemia on admission in COVID-19 infection: An early predictor of mortality and adverse events. A retrospective observational study

Objectives: Hypoalbuminemia is a negative acute phase reactant which has been associated with inflammatory response and poor outcome in infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze the value of hypoalbuminemia on admission as a predictor of mortality and adverse events in COVID-19 patients.MethodsWe analyzed retrospective data from a cohort of 609 consecutive patients, with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, discharged from hospital (deceased or alive). Demographic characteristics, previous comorbidities, symptoms and laboratory findings on admission were collected. Comorbidities were assessed by Charlson-Age Comorbidity Index.ResultsHypoalbuminemia on admission (<34g/L) was more frequent in nonsurvivors than survivors (65.6% vs. 38%, p<0.001) and was significantly associated with the development of sepsis, macrophage activation syndrome, acute heart failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute kidney injury, regardless of Charlson-Age Comorbidity Index. Hypoalbuminemia was a predictor of mortality in multivariable Cox regression analysis (HR 1.537, 95% CI 1.050–2.250, p=0.027), independently of Charlson-Age Index, gender, lymphocyte count <800/μL, creatinine, high-sensitivity C- reactive protein >8mg/L, lactate dehydrogenase >250U/L, bilateral infiltration on chest X-ray and q-SOFA ≥2.ConclusionsHypoalbuminemia was an early predictor of in-hospital mortality in COVID-19, regardless of age, comorbidity and inflammatory markers. It also had significant association with severe adverse events, independently of Charlson-Age Comorbidity Index. Our results suggest that serum albumin determination on admission may help to identify patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection at high risk of developing potential life-threatening conditions and death. (AU)

Objetivos: La hipoalbuminemia es un reactante de fase aguda negativo que ha sido asociado a la respuesta inflamatoria y mal resultado en enfermedades infecciosas. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el valor de la hipoalbuminemia en el momento del ingreso, como factor predictivo de mortalidad y episodios adversos en los pacientes de COVID-19.MétodosAnalizamos los datos retrospectivos de una cohorte de 609 pacientes consecutivos, con diagnóstico confirmado de COVID-19, que abandonaron el hospital (fallecidos o vivos). Se recopilaron las características demográficas, comorbilidades previas, síntomas y hallazgos de laboratorio en el momento del ingreso. Las comorbilidades se asociaron al índice de comorbilidad de Charlson-Age.ResultadosLa hipoalbuminemia en el momento del ingreso (<34g/l) fue más frecuente en los no supervivientes que en los supervivientes (65,6 vs. 38%; p<0,001) y estuvo significativamente asociada a desarrollo de sepsis, síndrome de activación macrofágica, insuficiencia cardiaca aguda, síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo e insuficiencia renal aguda, independientemente del índice de comorbilidad de Charlson-Age. La hipoalbuminemia fue un factor predictivo de la mortalidad en el análisis multivariable de regresión de Cox (HR: 1,537; IC 95%: 1,050-2,250; p=0,027), independientemente del índice de Charlson-Age, sexo, recuento linfocítico <800/μl, creatinina, proteína C reactiva de alta sensibilidad >8mg/l, lactato deshidrogenasa >250U/l, infiltración bilateral en la placa de tórax y q-SOFA ≥2. (AU)

¿Es la obesidad un factor predictivo de falta de respuesta al tratamiento en la artritis psoriásica? Actualización de una revisión sistemática / Is obesity a predictor for lack of response to treatment in psoriatic arthritis? A systematic review

Objetivos: Actualizar el estudio de la asociación entre obesidad y respuesta al tratamiento en artritis psoriásica. Métodos: Actualización de una revisión sistemática previa, incluyendo ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, estudios longitudinales y casos-control en artritis psoriásica en los que se evaluase obesidad como predictor de eficacia o toxicidad. Los riesgos de sesgos se evaluaron con escalas validadas. Se realizó metaanálisis de los resultados de estudios con variables de desenlace y medidas del peso similares. Resultados: Se incluyeron 21 estudios (6 ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, 6 estudios longitudinales, 7 registros y un caso-control), de calidad en general moderada. El riesgo de no respuesta ACR20 si el peso es≥100kg se estimó en OR=1,42 (1-2,08) y el de retirar el tratamiento en una OR de 1,60 (IC 95%: 1,34-1,92). Conclusiones: Parece existir un mayor riesgo de retirada del tratamiento por ineficacia y dificultad para conseguir remisión en pacientes con artritis psoriásica si son obesos.(AU)

Objectives: To update the study of the association between obesity and treatment response in psoriatic arthritis. Methods: Updating a systematic review of clinical trials, prospective or retrospective longitudinal studies and case-control studies in psoriatic arthritis in which obesity was assessed as a predictor of efficacy or toxicity. Risks of bias were assessed with validated scales. A meta-analysis of the results of studies with similar outcome variables and weight measurements was performed. Results: Twenty-one studies were included (6 review of clinical trials, 6 longitudinal studies, 7 registers and one case-control studie), with moderate quality. The risk of achieving an ACR20 response if weight≥100kg was estimated at OR=1.42 (1-2.08) and that of withdrawing treatment in an OR of 1.60 (95% CI: 1.34 - 1.92). Conclusions: There seems to be a greater risk of withdrawal of treatment due to inefficacy and difficulty in achieving remission in patients with psoriatic arthritis if they are obese.(AU)

Factores predictores de mortalidad hospitalaria en pacientes con infarto agudo del miocardio / Predictor factors of hospital mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction / Fatores preditivos de mortalidade hospitalar em pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio

RESUMEN Introducción: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares representan la principal causa de muerte de la población mundial. Objetivo: Identificar los factores predictores de mortalidad hospitalaria en pacientes con infarto agudo del miocardio en el Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostinho Neto", durante el año 2017. Método: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo analítico de tipo caso y control, en una población conformada por 90 pacientes con infarto. En el grupo caso se encontraron todos los pacientes fallecidos durante el ingreso (n=30) que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, mientras que el grupo control estuvo constituido por 60 pacientes que egresaron vivos, seleccionados al azar mediante un muestreo aleatorio simple. Resultados: La media de la edad fue mayor en el grupo de los casos 74,06 respecto a los controles, (p=0,021). El 86,6 % de los casos no recibió trombolisis y el 6,6 % tuvo algún criterio de reperfusión pos-estreptoquinasa (p=0,00). El 36,6 % de los casos presentó choque cardiogénico (p=0,003), ruptura cardíaca (30 %) (p=0,03), y taponamiento (23,3 %) (p=0,01). Conclusiones: Los factores predictores de mortalidad hospitalaria en pacientes con infarto agudo del miocardio son: la edad avanzada, el tiempo prolongado entre el inicio de los síntomas y la asistencia médica, la existencia de las complicaciones, tales como el choque cardiogénico, el taponamiento cardíaco y la ruptura cardíaca, así como la no administración de tratamiento trombolítico y la ausencia de reperfusión.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death worldwide. Objective: To identify the predictor factors of hospital mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction at the Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostinho Neto" in 2017. Method: A retrospective analytical case-control study was performed in a population of 90 patients with myocardial infarction. The case-cohort study included all patients who died during admission (n=30) and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, while the case-control study included 60 patients who were discharged alive, randomly selected by simple random sampling. Results: The mean age was higher in the case-cohort studied (74.06 years) than the case-control (p=0.021). The 86,6% of cases did not receive thrombolysis and 6.6% had some reperfusion criteria after the streptokinase (p=0.00). Cardiogenic shock (p=0.003), cardiac rupture (30%) (p=0.03), and cardiac tamponade (23.3%) (p=0.01) were present in 36.6% of cases. Conclusions: The predictor factors of hospital mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction are as follows: age, the prolonged time between the onset of symptoms and medical attention, presence of complications such as cardiogenic shock, cardiac tamponade and cardiac rupture, as well as the non-administration of thrombolytic treatment and the absence of reperfusion.

RESUMO Introdução: As doenças cardiovasculares representam a principal causa de morte da população mundial. Objetivo: Identificar os fatores preditivos de mortalidade hospitalar em pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio no Hospital Geral Universitário "Dr. Agostinho Neto", durante 2017. Método: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo analítico caso-controle em uma população de 90 pacientes com infarto. No grupo caso, foram encontrados todos os pacientes que morreram na admissão (n=30) que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, enquanto o grupo controle foi composto por 60 pacientes que receberam alta com vida, selecionados aleatoriamente por amostragem aleatória simples. Resultados: A média de idade foi maior no grupo de casos 74,06 em relação aos controles (p=0,021). 86,6% dos casos não receberam trombólise e 6,6% tinham algum critério para reperfusão pós-estreptoquinase (p=0,00). 36,6% dos casos apresentaram choque cardiogênico (p=0,003), ruptura cardíaca (30%) (p=0,03) e tamponamento (23,3%) (p=0,01). Conclusões: Os fatores preditivos de mortalidade hospitalar em pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio são: idade avançada, longo tempo entre o início dos sintomas e o atendimento médico, a existência de complicações, como choque cardiogênico, tamponamento cardíaco e ruptura cardíaca, bem como a não administração de tratamento trombolítico e a ausência de reperfusão.

Hypoalbuminemia on admission in COVID-19 infection: An early predictor of mortality and adverse events. A retrospective observational study.

OBJECTIVES: Hypoalbuminemia is a negative acute phase reactant which has been associated with inflammatory response and poor outcome in infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze the value of hypoalbuminemia on admission as a predictor of mortality and adverse events in COVID-19 patients. METHODS: We analyzed retrospective data from a cohort of 609 consecutive patients, with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, discharged from hospital (deceased or alive). Demographic characteristics, previous comorbidities, symptoms and laboratory findings on admission were collected. Comorbidities were assessed by Charlson-Age Comorbidity Index. RESULTS: Hypoalbuminemia on admission (<34g/L) was more frequent in nonsurvivors than survivors (65.6% vs. 38%, p<0.001) and was significantly associated with the development of sepsis, macrophage activation syndrome, acute heart failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute kidney injury, regardless of Charlson-Age Comorbidity Index. Hypoalbuminemia was a predictor of mortality in multivariable Cox regression analysis (HR 1.537, 95% CI 1.050-2.250, p=0.027), independently of Charlson-Age Index, gender, lymphocyte count <800/µL, creatinine, high-sensitivity C- reactive protein >8mg/L, lactate dehydrogenase >250U/L, bilateral infiltration on chest X-ray and q-SOFA ≥2. CONCLUSIONS: Hypoalbuminemia was an early predictor of in-hospital mortality in COVID-19, regardless of age, comorbidity and inflammatory markers. It also had significant association with severe adverse events, independently of Charlson-Age Comorbidity Index. Our results suggest that serum albumin determination on admission may help to identify patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection at high risk of developing potential life-threatening conditions and death.

Is obesity a predictor for lack of response to treatment in psoriatic arthritis? A systematic review. / ¿Es la obesidad un factor predictivo de falta de respuesta al tratamiento en la artritis psoriásica? Actualización de una revisión sistemática.

OBJECTIVES: To update the study of the association between obesity and treatment response in psoriatic arthritis. METHODS: Updating a systematic review of clinical trials, prospective or retrospective longitudinal studies and case-control studies in psoriatic arthritis in which obesity was assessed as a predictor of efficacy or toxicity. Risks of bias were assessed with validated scales. A meta-analysis of the results of studies with similar outcome variables and weight measurements was performed. RESULTS: Twenty-one studies were included (6 review of clinical trials, 6 longitudinal studies, 7 registers and one case-control studie), with moderate quality. The risk of achieving an ACR20 response if weight≥100kg was estimated at OR=1.42 (1-2.08) and that of withdrawing treatment in an OR of 1.60 (95% CI: 1.34 - 1.92). CONCLUSIONS: There seems to be a greater risk of withdrawal of treatment due to inefficacy and difficulty in achieving remission in patients with psoriatic arthritis if they are obese.

[Stroke spasticity: Is age a risk factor? Observational study of spasticity in neurovascular patients in a retrospective series of two health sites]. / Espasticidad tras ictus: ¿la edad es un factor de riesgo? Estudio observacional de la espasticidad en pacientes neurovasculares en una serie retrospectiva de dos centros.

OBJECTIVE: Approximately one third of patients who have suffered a stroke develop spasticity. Since clinical observations that spasticity in the elderly population is lower after stroke, and disagreement about risk factors between different authors, an analysis is performed on the variables that influence the development of spasticity. The objective of the study is to determine the how many factors influence spasticity outcome, and the prevalence of spasticity in patients who have suffered a stroke and require intensive rehabilitation treatment. METHOD: A retrospective assessment was carried out on a total of 554 patients from two neurorehabilitation centres. A record was made of sociodemographic data, aetiology, type and location of stroke, motor and sensory deficits, language and swallowing impairment, incontinence, cognitive and mood state. Spasticity levels at admission and at the third month were studied in 462 patients using the Ashworth scale. Multivariate regression analyses were used to assess the risk factors for spasticity present at the third month after stroke. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 67.3 years, of which 67.1% were men, and with ischemic aetiology in 76.5%. On admission 31.4% of patients had spasticity, and this increased to 54.8% at the 3rd month. The absolute risk factor for spasticity was motor index (OR 1.04; 95% CI 1.03-1.05). When this factor was omitted, the variables with predictive ability were: age less than 75 years (OR 0.52; 95% CI 0.30-0.90), sensory impairment (OR 0.66; 95% CI 0.37-1.20), and lower Barthel index score (OR 1.02; 95% CI 1.01-1.03). There was no significant relationship for gender, physiopathological mechanism (ischaemic/haemorrhagic), stroke location, aphasia, or cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of spasticity in stroke at third month of follow-up was 54.8%. Motor index is the independent predictor of spasticity. Patients younger than 75 years old, with sensory impairment and low Barthel index score are more likely to develop spasticity.

Predictors of mortality in emergency department patients with sepsis scored 2 or 3 on the Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scale. / Factores predictivos de mortalidad en los pacientes con sepsis y un valor del indicador 'Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment' (qSOFA) de 2 o 3 puntos atendidos en un servicio de urgencias.

OBJECTIVES: To identify predictors of mortality after implementation of a treatment protocol in the first 3 hours for patients who come to our emergency department with sepsis scored 2 or 3 on the Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) scale. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Our team identified adult emergency department patients with a diagnosis of sepsis on starting the morning shift between September 2018 and March 2019. We selected patients whose qSOFA score on arrival was 2 or 3. Variables were explored statistically to identify factors associated with mortality. RESULTS: A total of 90 patients with a mean (SD) age of 72 (16) years were included. Thirty-three (37%) died. Univariate analysis detected that the only qSOFA indicator that was significantly associated with mortality was altered mentation (level of consciousness), which was noted in 79% of patients who died versus 54% of survivors (P=.02). Other variables associated with higher mortality were age 70 years or older, an order to limit therapeutic interventions in emergencies, and lactic acid levels on first and second extractions. The treatment protocol was completed in 42% of the cases and compliance was associated with a lower mortality rate of 21% versus 54% when the protocol was not fully implemented (P=.003). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that risk for death was higher when the full protocol was not implemented within 3 hours of arrival (hazard ratio, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.15-6.21; P=.02). CONCLUSION: Full implementation of the protocol within 3 hours of hospital arrival favors survival in patients with sepsis and qSOFA scores of 2 or 3 on arrival. We recommend that emergency departments organize ways to train staff in the use of a sepsis treatment protocol and improve compliance.

OBJETIVO: Determinar los factores predictivos de mortalidad de los pacientes que acuden a urgencias con sepsis y tiene un qSOFA de 2 o 3 puntos tras la implementación de un paquete de medidas a cumplimentar en las primeras 3 horas. METODO: De septiembre de 2018 a marzo de 2019 el equipo investigador identificó a los pacientes adultos que se encontraban en urgencias en el inicio del turno de mañana con el diagnóstico de sepsis. De estos pacientes se seleccionaron los que en el momento de su llegada tenían un qSOFA de 2 o 3 puntos. Se realizó análisis estadístico para establecer los factores relacionados con mortalidad. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 90 pacientes con una edad media de 72 (DE 16) años. La mortalidad global fue de 33 pacientes (37%). En el análisis univariado de mortalidad, el único indicador del qSOFA con significación estadística fue el nivel de consciencia (79% vs 54%, p = 0,02). Otras variables relacionadas con mayor mortalidad fueron: edad igual o mayor de 70 años, orden de limitación del esfuerzo terapéutico en urgencias y valor de la primera y de la segunda determinación de lactato. El cumplimiento del paquete de medidas fue del 42% y se asoció a una menor mortalidad (21% vs 54%, p = 0,003). En el análisis multivariado mediante regresión de Cox, los pacientes en los que no se cumplimentó el paquete de medidas en las primeras 3 horas tuvieron mayor riesgo de mortalidad al final del episodio (HR = 2,67; IC95% = 1,15-6,21; p = 0,02). CONCLUSIONES: En los pacientes con sepsis y un qSOFA de 2-3 puntos a su llegada a urgencias el cumplimiento del paquete de medidas en las primeras 3 horas mejora la supervivencia. Es recomendable hacer los esfuerzos organizativos y docentes necesarios para mejorar el cumplimiento.