Protective effect of modified lange "second position" for developing avascular necrosis following closed reduction for developmental dysplasia of the hip.

BACKGROUND: Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) is a condition affecting hip joint development in children, presenting multiple manifestations. Immobilization methods to ensure hip concentricity, such as the human position and modified Lange position, vary in effectiveness and risks, especially avascular necrosis. The purpose of this study was to identify whether closed reduction (CR), with two different immobilization techniques, is effective in avoiding complications such as residual hip dysplasia (RHD), re-dislocation, and Avascular Necrosis (AVN). METHODS: A total of 66 patients with DDH (84 hips) were treated with two different techniques of immobilization (groups A and B); the mean age at the time of reduction was 8 (6-13) months. The rates of RHD, Re-dislocation, and AVN were determined with a minimum follow-up of 48 months in both techniques. RESULTS: The Chi-square analysis conducted across the study groups unveiled that patients in Group B demonstrated a protective effect against AVN compared to those in Group A (OR: 0.248, 95% CI: 0.072-0.847, p = 0.026). However, no statistically significant differences were found between the groups concerning RHD (p = 0.563) and re-dislocation (p = 0.909). CONCLUSIONS: After the initial Human Position immobilization, the second cast with the modified Lange "second position" demonstrated a protective effect compared with maintaining the Human Position immobilization throughout the immobilization period, reducing the likelihood of AVN development in patients undergoing closed reduction for developmental dysplasia of the hip.

No small dilemma: small bowel volvulus mimicking acute coronary syndrome.

Acute abdominal pathologies can cause electrocardiogram (ECG) changes mimicking an acute coronary syndrome (ACS), resulting in diagnostic uncertainty and delay. We report a 65-year-old male with multiple risk factors for ACS who presented with four hours of progressive epigastric and chest pain that resolved in the emergency department. ECG findings were concerning for new deeply inverted T-waves with normal troponins, raising concerns for Wellens Syndrome. Emergent heart catheterization was negative but abdominal computed tomography angiography showed occlusion of the superior mesenteric vessels. Subsequent exploratory laparotomy revealed a small bowel volvulus with extensive necrosis, resulting in a 430 cm resection.

Activity and levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 in saliva of children and young adults with dental caries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Cytokines play an important role in the immunopathogenesis of dental caries. A systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out with the following three objectives: 1)To deepen and discuss through a comprehensive analysis of the literature the effects of dental caries on the activity and levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 in saliva of children and young adults, 2)To compare the levels of this cytokines in saliva of the exposure group (moderate-severe dental caries) with the control group (caries-free or mild dental caries), and 3)To determine whether the levels of these cytokines could be used as a complementary clinical diagnostic tool to assess the severity of dental caries. METHODS: The protocol followed PRISMA and Cochrane guidelines and was registered in the Open Science Framework (OSF): https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/MF74V . A digital search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane, Scopus, and Google Schoolar databases from February 15th, 2012, to January 13th, 2024. The methodological validity of the selected studies was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool. A meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model to evaluate the association between dental caries/health, and the concentration of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8. RESULTS: The search strategy provided a total of 126 articles, of which 15 investigations met the inclusion criteria. The total number of patients studied was 1,148, of which 743 represented the case/exposure group, and 405 represented the control group. The age of the patients ranged from 3 to 25 years. IL-6 was the most prevalent cytokine in the saliva of children and young adults with active dental caries. The meta-analysis revealed that there are significant differences between the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in saliva of children with active dental caries compared to their control groups. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that IL-6 and TNF-α levels may have potential as complementary biomarkers for assessing dental caries severity. However, further research is needed to validate these findings in larger and more diverse populations before clinical application.

Antioxidant and antiproliferative activity of enzymatic hydrolysates from red tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) viscera.

The antioxidant and antiproliferative activity of red tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) viscera hydrolysates (RTVH) was evaluated. For that, the hydrolysates was applied to three cancer cell lines (HepG2, Huh7 and SW480) and the control (CCD-18Co). Finally, the line on which the hydrolysate had the greatest effect (SW480) and the control (CCD-18Co) were subjected to the ApoTox-Glo Triplex Assay to determine apoptosis, toxicity, and cell viability. The result showed that hydrolysate had a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect selective on the three cancer cell lines, compared to the control cells. There is a relationship between the antioxidant capacity of RTVHs and their antiproliferative capacity on cancer cells evaluated, which achieved cell viability by action of RTVH of 34.68 and 41.58 and 25.41 %, to HepG2, Huh7 and SW480, respectively. The action of RTVH on cancer cell line SW480 is not due to the induction of apoptosis but to the rupture of the cell membrane.

Diagnostic accuracy of interleukin-6, interleukin-10 and tumor necrosis factor alpha cytokine levels in patients with mild cognitive impairment: systematic review and meta-analysis.

There is growing evidence suggesting an association between neurodegeneration and inflammation playing a role in the pathogenesis of age-associated diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Objective: A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to verify evidence on the diagnostic accuracy parameters of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Methods: A search of Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Web of Science and Science Direct databases was performed and nine observational studies associated with peripheral inflammatory biomarkers in MCI were identified. Mean (±standard deviation - SD) concentrations of these biomarkers and values of true positives, true negatives, false positives and false negatives for MCI and healthy controls (HC) were extracted from these studies. Results: Significantly higher levels of IL-10 were observed in subjects in the MCI group and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores were lower compared to HC. For the other investigations, no differences were found between the groups. Our meta-analysis for the TNF-α biomarker revealed high heterogeneity between studies in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion: These findings do not support the involvement of inflammatory biomarkers for detection of MCI, although significant heterogeneity was observed. More studies are needed to evaluate the role of these cytokines in MCI, as well as in other stages of cognitive decline and all-cause dementias.

Há evidências crescentes que sugerem uma associação entre a neurodegeneração e a inflamação, desempenhando um papel na patogênese de doenças associadas à idade, incluindo a doença de Alzheimer (DA) e o comprometimento cognitivo leve (CCL). Objetivo: Uma revisão sistemática e metanálise foram realizadas para verificar evidências relativas aos parâmetros de acurácia diagnóstica das citocinas inflamatórias interleucina-6 (IL-6), interleucina-10 (IL-10) e fator de necrose tumoral (TNF-α). Métodos: Foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Web of Science e Science Direct, e foram identificados nove estudos observacionais associados a biomarcadores inflamatórios periféricos no CCL. As concentrações médias (desvio padrão ­ ±DP) desses biomarcadores e valores de verdadeiros positivos, verdadeiros negativos, falsos positivos e falsos negativos para CCL e controles saudáveis (CS) foram extraídos desses estudos. Resultados: Níveis significativamente mais elevados de IL-10 foram observados em indivíduos do grupo CCL e os escores do Miniexame do Estado Mental foram mais baixos em comparação com o CS. Para as demais investigações não foram encontradas diferenças entre os grupos. Nossa metanálise para o biomarcador TNF-α revelou alta heterogeneidade entre os estudos em termos de sensibilidade e especificidade. Conclusão: Esses achados não apoiam o envolvimento de biomarcadores inflamatórios na detecção do CCL, embora tenha sido observada heterogeneidade significativa. Mais estudos são necessários para avaliar o papel dessas citocinas no CCL, bem como em outros estágios de declínio cognitivo e demências de todas as causas.

The rs11684747 and rs55790676 SNPs of ADAM17 influence tuberculosis susceptibility and plasma levels of TNF, TNFR1, and TNFR2.

Introduction: The proteolytic activity of A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17) regulates the release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and TNF receptors (TNFRs) from cell surfaces. These molecules play important roles in tuberculosis (TB) shaping innate immune reactions and granuloma formation. Methods: Here, we investigated whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ADAM17 influence TNF and TNFRs levels in 224 patients with active TB (ATB) and 118 healthy close contacts. Also, we looked for significant associations between SNPs of ADAM17 and ATB status. TNF, TNFR1, and TNFR2 levels were measured in plasma samples by ELISA. Four SNPs of ADAM17 (rs12692386, rs1524668, rs11684747, and rs55790676) were analyzed in DNA isolated from peripheral blood leucocytes. The association between ATB status, genotype, and cytokines was analyzed by multiple regression models. Results: Our results showed a higher frequency of rs11684747 and rs55790676 in close contacts than ATB patients. Coincidentally, heterozygous to these SNPs of ADAM17 showed higher plasma levels of TNF compared to homozygous to their respective ancestral alleles. Strikingly, the levels of TNF and TNFRs distinguished participant groups, with ATB patients displaying lower TNF and higher TNFR1/TNFR2 levels compared to their close contacts. Conclusion: These findings suggest a role for SNPs of ADAM17 in genetic susceptibility to ATB.

Soluble levels of 4-1BB (CD137) and OX40 (CD134) are associated with cancer progression in gastric adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have demonstrated that soluble forms of T-cell costimulatory molecules 4-1BB (s4-1BB) and OX40 (sOX40) interact with immune cells and may constitute a mechanism of immune evasion by tumors in various cancers. The role of the soluble forms of 4-1BB and OX40 in GC remains unclear. We aimed to examine the association between serum levels of s4-1BB and sOX40 and tumor progression in patients with GC. METHODS: Between 2017 and 2018, a cross-sectional study was performed with serum samples of 83 GC patients and 20 healthy controls. RESULTS: Patients with stage IV metastatic gastric cancer had significantly higher levels of soluble OX40 in comparison with stage III patients with lymph nodes metastasis (p = 0.0003) and stages I and II patients (p = 0.005), whereas the opposite was found for soluble 4-1BB levels, with lower levels being found in advanced stage III (p = 0.003) compared with initial stages I/II. CONCLUSIONS: The sOX40 and s4-1BB-mediated T cell interactions may be involved in antitumor immune responses in GC, possibly favoring tumor escape and progression. Serum levels of sOX40 and s4-1BB are associated with staging in GC and may constitute biomarkers for prognosis, as well as potential targets for immunotherapy.

Necrosis y perforación intestinal asociada a alimentación por yeyunostomía / Necrosis and intestinal perforation associated with feed ing by jejunostomy

Resumen La nutrición enteral por yeyunostomía es una prác tica frecuente en cualquier servicio de cirugía general, esta conlleva bajo riesgo de complicaciones y morbi mortalidad. Presentamos el caso de una paciente con antecedente inmediato de gastrectomía subtotal que inició nutrición por yeyunostomía y complicó con ne crosis intestinal por isquemia no oclusiva en el corto lapso. La finalidad de este trabajo es informar sobre esta complicación, su fisiopatología y factores de riesgo para tenerla en cuenta y poder tomar precozmente una conducta terapéutica adecuada.

Abstract Enteral nutrition through jejunostomy is a common practice in any general surgery service; it carries a low risk of complications and morbidity and mortality. We present the case of a patient with an immediate history of subtotal gastrectomy that began nutrition through jejunostomy and complicated with intestinal necrosis due to non-occlusive ischemia in the short period. The purpose of this work is to report on this complication, its pathophysiology and risk factors to take it into account and be able to take appropriate therapeutic action early.

High-dose pulsed hyaluronidase for managing nasal skin necrosis following hyaluronic acid treatment in nasolabial folds: A case report.

The growing popularity of soft tissue filler injections has brought attention to the associated risks, particularly vascular complications, and their treatments. This case report focuses on a 34-year-old female who developed nasal skin necrosis following hyaluronic acid (HA) filler injection for nasolabial fold (NLF) enhancement. Despite the careful procedure, complications emerged rapidly, emphasizing the critical importance of prompt diagnosis and intervention. A total of 10,000 turbidity reducing units (TRU) of hyaluronidase (HSE) were administered in a high-dose pulsed manner, alongside hyperbaric oxygen therapy. The patient experienced a gradual but significant improvement over 60 days. This case underscores the need for constant vigilance in aesthetic medicine and the potential consequences of even minute HA amounts, exceeding zero, in causing severe vascular events.

Early diagnosis and aggressive surgical resection matters to cure rhinocerebral mucormycosis: Six case reports.

Rhino-cerebral mucormycosis (RM) is a rare and opportunistic fungal infection observed in immune-compromised patients and metabolic imbalances such as Diabetes Mellitus. RM rapidly infiltrates blood vessels, leading to vascular thrombosis, subsequent tissue necrosis, and high mortality rates (23.6-60%). Due to its fast advancement, RM is a life-threatening condition requiring accurate clinical decisions by the medical and surgical teams. Based on the report of six cases, we emphasize the need for an early diagnosis and starting antifungal pharmacological therapy at the slightest suspicion of RM. Moreover, the restitution of metabolic balance and aggressive surgical debridement are vital steps to control RM, reducing the possibility of fatal outcomes.

Clinical Course and Outcomes of Autoimmune Versus Non-Autoimmune Surgically Induced Scleral Necrosis: A Multicentric Comparative Study.

BACKGROUND: To analyze the clinical course and outcomes of autoimmune vs. non-autoimmune surgically induced scleral necrosis (SISN). METHODS: Multicentric, retrospective, comparative cohort study. Eighty-two eyes of 70 patients with SISN were classified according to pathogenic mechanism into autoimmune vs. non-autoimmune. Main outcome measures included necrosis onset, type of surgery, associated systemic disease, visual acuity, and treatment were analysed in patients followed for ≥ 6 months. RESULTS: Forty-six (65.7%) patients were women, and the median age was 66 (range: 24-90) years. Most patients (82.9%) had unilateral disease. The median time between surgery and SISN onset was 58 (1-480) months. Thirty-one (37.8%) eyes were classified as autoimmune, and 51 (62.2%) as non-autoimmune SISN. Autoimmune SISN was associated with a shorter time between the surgical procedure and SISN onset than non-autoimmune cases (median of 26 vs. 60 months, p = 0.024). Also, autoimmune SISN was associated with cataract extraction (93.5% vs. 25.5%, p < 0.001), severe scleral inflammation (58.1% vs. 17.6%, p < 0.001), and higher incidence of ocular complications (67.7% vs. 33.3%, p = 0.002) than non-autoimmune cases. Remission was achieved with medical management alone in 44 (86.3%) eyes from the non-autoimmune and in 27 (87.1%) from the autoimmune group (p = 0.916). Surgical management was required in 11 (13.4%) eyes, including two requiring enucleations due to scleral perforation and phthisis bulbi. CONCLUSIONS: Eyes with autoimmune SISN had a higher rate of cataract surgery, severe scleral inflammation, and ocular complications. Early SISN diagnosis and appropriate management, based on clinical features and pathogenic mechanisms, are critical to avoid sight-threatening complications.

Effectiveness of leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin in the management of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws ­ a systematic review / Efectividad de la fibrina rica en leucocitos y plaquetas en el tratamiento de osteonecrosis mandibular relacionada con medicamentos: una revisión sistemática

Background: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a rare, but significant adverse event primarily associated with the intake of antiresorptive and antiangiogenic medications. Although antiresorptive and antiangiogenic the-rapies improve life expectancy, particularly in cancer patients, MRONJ may hamper the patient's quality of life due to pain, discomfort, anxiety, depression, speech impairment, difficulty in swallowing and eating, frequent medical and dental evaluations and treatments, and the possibility of treatment discontinuation. Leukocyte­ and Platelet-rich Fibrin (L-PRF) is an autologous platelet aggregate that promotes wound healing by stimulating re-epithelialization, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix production. Aim: The present systematic review aimed to compare the results in the published literature on whether L-PRF is an effective and predictable adjuvant to surgical debridement of necrotic bone for improving the healing efficacy in patients with MRONJ. Materials and Methods: The PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Science Direct, LILACS, and Web of Science databases were searched using the predetermined MeSH terms and eligibility criteria, and the search yielded a total of five articles. Two studies were retrospective, and three studies were case series. Results: Seventeen participants received a combination of surgical debridement, L-PRF membrane, and antibiotics. Complete wound healing was observed in 70% of the participants, and most of them healed without any complications. Conclusions: L-PRF as an adjuvant to surgical debridement of necrosed bone appears to have a positive association with the healing outcome in patients with MRONJ.

Introducción: La osteonecrosis mandibular relacionada con medicamentos (ONMRM) es un evento adverso raro pero significativo asociado principalmente con la ingesta de medicamentos antirresortivos y antiangiogénicos. Aunque las terapias antirresortivas y antiangiogénicas mejoran la esperanza de vida, particularmente en pacientes con cáncer, la ONMRM puede obstaculizar la calidad de vida del paciente debido a dolor, incomodidad, ansiedad, depresión, discapacidad del habla, dificultad para tragar y comer, evaluaciones y tratamientos médicos y dentales frecuentes, y la posibilidad de interrupción del tratamiento. La fibrina rica en plaquetas y leucocitos (L-PRF) es un agregado de plaquetas autólogo que promueve la curación de heridas al estimular la reepitelización, la angiogénesis y la producción de la matriz extracelular. Objetivo: La presente revisión sistemática tuvo como objetivo comparar los resultados en la literatura publicada sobre si L-PRF es un adyuvante efectivo y predecible al desbridamiento quirúrgico del hueso necrótico para mejorar la eficacia curativa en pacientes con ONMRM. Materiales y Métodos: Las bases de datos de PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, ScienceDirect, LILACS y Web of Science se registraron utilizando los términos DeCS/MeSH predeterminados y los criterios de elegibilidad, y la búsqueda arrojó un total de cinco artículos. Dos estudios fueron retrospectivos, y tres estudios fueron series de casos. Resultado: Diecisiete participantes recibieron una combinación de desbridamiento quirúrgico, membrana L-PRF y antibióticos. Se observó curación completa de heridas en el 70% de los participantes, y la mayoría de ellos se curaron sin ninguna complicación. Conclusión: L-PRF como adyuvante para el desbridamiento quirúrgico del hueso necrótico parece tener una asociación positiva con el resultado de curación en pacientes con ONMRM.

[Necrosis and intestinal perforation associated with feeding by jejunostomy]. / Necrosis y perforación intestinal asociada a alimentación por yeyunostomía.

Enteral nutrition through jejunostomy is a common practice in any general surgery service; it carries a low risk of complications and morbidity and mortality. We present the case of a patient with an immediate history of subtotal gastrectomy that began nutrition through jejunostomy and complicated with intestinal necrosis due to non-occlusive ischemia in the short period. The purpose of this work is to report on this complication, its pathophysiology and risk factors to take it into account and be able to take appropriate therapeutic action early.

La nutrición enteral por yeyunostomía es una práctica frecuente en cualquier servicio de cirugía general, esta conlleva bajo riesgo de complicaciones y morbimortalidad. Presentamos el caso de una paciente con antecedente inmediato de gastrectomía subtotal que inició nutrición por yeyunostomía y complicó con necrosis intestinal por isquemia no oclusiva en el corto lapso. La finalidad de este trabajo es informar sobre esta complicación, su fisiopatología y factores de riesgo para tenerla en cuenta y poder tomar precozmente una conducta terapéutica adecuada.

Exploring novel protein biomarkers for early-stage diagnosis and prognosis of T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL).

BACKGROUND: Efficient classification of T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) involves considering various factors, such as age, white blood cell count, and chromosomal alterations. However, studying protein markers are crucial to improving T-ALL patients' diagnosis and treatment. A study analyzing the expression of proteomes was conducted to identify promising early-stage biomarkers for T-ALL patients METHODS: Label-free liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to analyze the blood proteins of both patients and healthy individuals to identify new biomarkers for T-ALL. The findings were validated by RT-PCR, ELISA and computational analysis RESULTS: The study identified 1467 proteins in the blood, of which nine were upregulated and 35 were downregulated by more than 2-fold. T-ALL patients showed a significant increase in specific disease-related proteins, such as eleven-nineteen lysine-rich leukemia protein, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1, cisplatin resistance-associated-overexpressed protein, X-ray radiation resistance-associated protein 1, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10D, protein S100-A8, and copine-4, by more than 3-fold CONCLUSION: The findings of this study provide a valuable protein map of leukemic cells and identify potential biomarkers for leukemic aggressiveness. However, further studies using larger T-ALL patient samples must confirm these preliminary results.

[Avascular necrosis of the hip secondary to long-standing COVID]. / Necrosis avascular de cadera secundaria a COVID de larga duración.

Long COVID is a term used to describe the long-terms effects of COVID-19 infection that continue for weeks or months after the patient has recovered from COVID-19. Long COVID is defined by the persistence of symptoms beyond 12 weeks from the onset of the disease. Corticosteroids are part of the treatment in this period with good results in controlling the disease; however, it is a predisposing factor for the development of avascular necrosis. We present a clinic case of a young man of 39 years old with diagnosis of avascular necrosis in his left hip, before the administration of corticosteroids for the treatment of COVID-19. There is a lack of consensus about the dosage and duration of steroids required to develop avascular necrosis. Some authors have reported that cumulative dose of 2,000 mg prednisone (or its equivalent) was required for avascular necrosis development. For patients with advanced avascular necrosis stages total hip arthroplasty is an attractive option with excellent outcomes in terms of pain relief and survivorship.

El COVID de larga duración es un término que describe la enfermedad en pacientes que se recuperaron de una infección por COVID-19 y reportan síntomas por más de 12 semanas. Los corticosteroides forman parte del tratamiento en este período con buenos resultados en el control de la enfermedad; sin embargo, el uso de este grupo de medicamentos se ha descrito como un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de necrosis avascular. Se describe el caso clínico de un paciente masculino de 39 años con diagnóstico de necrosis avascular de la cadera izquierda posterior a la administración de corticosteroides para el tratamiento de COVID-19. La dosis de esteroides capaz de provocar necrosis avascular no está clara o bien descrita; sin embargo, existen reportes en la literatura donde se habla de dosis de 2,000 mg de prednisona (o equivalentes) para su desarrollo. El tratamiento de la necrosis avascular tiene como objetivo el alivio del dolor, retardar la progresión del cuadro, prevenir el colapso en etapas tempranas y restaurar la función articular. La artroplastía o recambio total de cadera parece ser una excelente opción de tratamiento quirúrgico para aquellos pacientes en etapas avanzadas.

Photobiomodulation in promoting increased Skin Flap Viability: a systematic review of animal studies.

Necrosis is common in skin flap surgeries. Photobiomodulation, a noninvasive and effective technique, holds the potential to enhance microcirculation and neovascularization. As such, it has emerged as a viable approach for mitigating the occurrence of skin flap necrosis. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the scientific literature considering the use of photobiomodulation to increase skin-flap viability. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA), was used to conducted systematic literature search in the databases PubMed, SCOPUS, Elsevier and, Scielo on June 2023. Included studies investigated skin-flap necrosis employing PBMT irradiation as a treatment and, at least one quantitative measure of skin-flap necrosis in any animal model. Twenty-five studies were selected from 54 original articles that addressed PBMT with low-level laser (LLL) or light-emitting diode (LED) in agreement with the qualifying requirements. Laser parameters varied markedly across studies. In the selected studies, the low-level laser in the visible red spectrum was the most frequently utilized PBMT, although the LED PBMT showed a similar improvement in skin-flap necrosis. Ninety percent of the studies assessing the outcomes of the effects of PBMT reported smaller areas of necrosis in skin flap. Studies have consistently demonstrated the ability of PBMT to improve skin flap viability in animal models. Evidence suggests that PBMT, through enhancing angiogenesis, vascular density, mast cells, and VEGF, is an effective therapy for decrease necrotic tissue in skin flap surgery.

Effects of intra-articular injection of platelet-rich plasma on the inflammatory process and histopathological characteristics of cartilage and synovium in animals with osteoarthritis: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis (OA) affects the entire joint, causing structural changes in articular cartilage, subchondral bone, ligaments, capsule, synovial membrane, and periarticular muscles that afflicts millions of people globally, leading to persistent pain and diminished quality of life. The intra-articular use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is gaining recognition as a secure therapeutic approach due to its potential regenerative capabilities. However, there is controversial clinical data regarding efficacy of PRP for OA treatment. In this context, gathering scientific evidence on the effects of PRP in treating OA in animal models could provide valuable insights into understanding its impact on aspects like cartilage health, synovial tissue integrity, and the inflammatory process in affected joints. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the effects of PRP injections on inflammation and histopathological aspects of cartilage and synovium in animal models of OA through a comprehensive systematic review with meta-analysis. METHODS: A electronic search was conducted on Medline, Embase, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, LILACS, and SciELO databases for relevant articles published until June 2022. A random-effects meta-analysis was employed to synthesize evidence on the histological characteristics of cartilage and synovium, as well as the inflammatory process. The GRADE approach was utilized to categorize the quality of evidence, and methodological quality was assessed using SYRCLE's RoB tool. RESULTS: Twenty-one studies were included in the review, with twelve of them incorporated into the meta-analysis. PRP treatment demonstrated superior outcomes compared to the control group in terms of cartilage histology (very low quality; p = 0.0002), synovium histology (very low quality; p < 0.0001), and reductions in proinflammatory markers, including IL-1 (low quality; p = 0.002), IL-6 (very low quality; p < 0.00001), and TNF-α (very low; p < 0.00001). However, PRP treatment did not yield a significant impact on PDGF-A levels (very low quality; p = 0.81). CONCLUSION: PRP appears capable of reducing proinflammatory markers (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α) and mitigating cartilage and synovium damage in animals with OA. However, the levels of evidence of these findings are low to very low. Therefore, more rigorous studies with larger samples are needed to improve the quality of evidence. PROSPERO REGISTRATION: CRD42022250314.

Influence of systemic antibiotic therapy on the development and progression of induced apical periodontitis in Wistar rats.

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of systemic antibiotic therapy on the development and progression of induced apical periodontitis (AP) in Wistar rats. Fifty-six rats were submitted to pulp exposure of the lower left first molar for the induction of AP. On the same day, intraperitoneal antibiotic therapy was administered once a day, for 15 days, until euthanasia. The groups were formed according to the different treatments (n = 8): C-control; GEN-treated with gentamicin (10 mg/Kg); AC-treated with amoxicillin (100 mg/Kg); MZ-treated with metronidazole (40 mg/Kg); AMP-treated with ampicillin (100 mg/Kg); AMC group-treated with amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (100 mg/kg); CLI-treated with clindamycin (60 mg/kg). After euthanasia, the jaws were collected and processed for (1) histological and histometric analysis using hematoxylin and eosin staining, (2) analysis of collagen fibers using Picrosirius Red staining and (3) bacteriological analysis using Brown-Brenn staining. The data were analyzed statistically (p < 0.05). AP induction was confirmed in all groups. The AMC group had the lower intensity of inflammatory infiltrate (p = 0.028) and less periapical bone resorption compared to control (p = 0.006). Regarding collagen maturation, PSR staining revealed a predominance of mature collagen fibers in all groups. The AC and AMC groups had the lower amount of mature fibers and the highest amount of immature fibers, compared to all other groups (p < 0.001). All groups showed bacterial contamination; however, the AC and AMC groups showed a lower extent of bacterial contamination compared to the control (p < 0.001). It can be concluded that systemic antibiotic therapy influences the development and progression of induced AP.

A retrospective cohort study of pulp prognosis in luxated permanent teeth: a competing risk analysis.

AIM: The present retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate luxated permanent teeth for pulp prognosis and risk factors. METHODOLOGY: Case records and radiographs of 224 patients, involving 427 luxated permanent teeth, referred for treatment at the Dental Trauma Center-School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, (DTC-SD-UFMG) from 2014 to 2022, were assessed for pulp prognosis classified as vitality, necrosis and pulp canal obliteration (PCO). A competing risk survival analysis estimated the hazards of the three outcomes, and the effect of demographic, clinical and treatment variables was tested using a cause specific Cox regression model. RESULTS: Pulp vitality was found in163 teeth (38.2%), pulp necrosis in 120 teeth (28.1%) and 55 teeth (12.9%) developed PCO. Pulp vitality decreased in the presence of concomitant crown fractures (HR 0.38 95% CI [0.2-0.8] p = 0.006). The risk of pulp necrosis (HR 0.62 95% CI [0.4-0.96] p = 0.03) was lower in cases with open apices but increased with concomitant crown fractures (HR 4.0 95% CI [2.6-6.1] p = 0.001) and intrusions (HR 2.3 95% CI [1.2-4.1] p = 0.007). Lateral or extrusive luxations (HR 3.0 95% CI [1.3-6.9] p = 0.001) and open apices (HR 2.4 95% CI [1.2-4.7] p = 0.01) showed higher rates of PCO. CONCLUSION: Type of luxation, the diameter of the apical foramen, and the presence of concomitant crown fractures were main determinants of pulp prognosis after luxation injuries in permanent teeth. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Pulp prognosis after tooth luxation is dependent on the presence and direction of tooth displacement together with infection control. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: Not applicable.

Association of COX-2, TNF-α, TLR4, and IKKα With Survival of Patients With Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: This review investigated the association of COX-2, TNF-α, TLR4, and IKKα with the survival of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in the databases PUBMED, Web of Science, LILACS, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane Library. The studies should assess the expression of those proteins in the tumor and survival outcomes. RESULTS: Twenty-one articles were included. The meta-analysis results leaned towards an association of COX-2 overexpression with a lower overall survival. The estimated hazard ratio was 1.51 (95% CI 0.97, 2.33), but not statistically significant (p=0.07). A low heterogeneity was observed (I2=0%). Regarding TNF-α, TLR4, and IKKα, statistically significant results for the association with survival were presented, but there was not enough data to a meta-analysis. CONCLUSION: COX-2 overexpression may be associated with a poorer prognosis in oral SCC. The insufficiency of studies about TNF-α, TLR4, and IKKα restrained their validation as predictors of prognosis.