Antibacterial Efficacy of Matricaria recutita Essential Oil against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia: In Vitro Study.

AIM: To evaluate in vitro the antibacterial efficacy of Matricaria recutita (chamomile) essential oil at 50 and 75% against Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 and Prevotella intermedia ATCC 25611 at 24 and 48 hours. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 80 discs and Mueller-Hinton Agar, the medium chosen for the culture. To determine the bacterial sensitivity, discs were placed in each Petri dish with concentrations of essential oil at 50 and 75%, distilled water and 0.12% chlorhexidine. Subsequently, the inhibition halos were measured in millimeters at 24 and 48 hours after culture, with the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. RESULTS: In groups treated with Porphyromonas gingivalis, measurements at 24 and 48 hours yielded 22.14 ± 2.61 and 22.63 ± 2.67 mm for 0.12% chlorhexidine, 18.90 ± 0.41 and 19.22 ± 0.54 mm for 75% essential oil, and 15.55 ± 0.45 and 15.77 ± 0.46 mm for 50% essential oil, respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed among the groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: No significant differences were found between the antibacterial efficacy of 0.12% chlorhexidine and 50 and 75% essential oil of Matricaria recutita on Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia at 24 and 48 hours. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The study demonstrates that essential oil derived from Matricaria recutita may effectively combat bacteria associated with periodontal disease. This discovery has the potential to impact dental practice by introducing a natural treatment option. Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the clinical significance and potential applications of this finding.

Antibiotic Susceptibility and Resistance Genes in Oral Clinical Isolates of Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, and Prevotella melaninogenica.

The Prevotella genus is a normal constituent of the oral microbiota, and is commonly isolated from mechanically treated polymicrobial infections. However, antibiotic treatment is necessary for some patients. This study compared the antibiotic susceptibility and the presence of resistance genes in clinical oral isolates of P. intermedia, P. nigrescens, and P. melaninogenica. Antibiotic susceptibility was assessed using the agar dilution method. PCR confirmed the species and resistance gene frequency in the Prevotella species. The frequencies of species P. intermedia, P. nigrescens, and P. melaninogenica were 30.2%, 45.7%, and 24.1%, respectively. No isolates of P. intermedia were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, tetracycline, or clindamycin. P. nigrescens and P. melaninogenica were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and tetracycline at frequencies of 40% and 20%, respectively. P. intermedia was resistant to metronidazole at a frequency of 30%, P. nigrescens at 20%, and P. melaninogenica at 40%. P. nigrescens and P. melaninogenica were resistant to 50% and 10% clindamycin, respectively. The gene most frequently detected was tetQ, at 43.3%, followed by tetM at 36.6%, blaTEM at 26.6%, ermF at 20%, cfxA, cfxA2, and nimAB at 16.6%, and nimAEFI at 3.3%. P. nigrescens was the species with the highest resistance to antibiotics such as amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, amoxicillin, and clindamycin, in addition to being the species with the largest number of genes compared to P. intermedia and P. melaninogenica.

In vitro assessment of the antimicrobial activity of tetracycline hydrochloride diluted in three different vehicles against Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum.

Background: The development and progression of periodontal diseases is a result of the dynamic interaction of microorganisms within their habitat, and changes in this habitat generate a dysbiotic state. Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella intermedia are bridging microorganisms between the pioneer communities and other microorganisms responsible for periodontitis such as Porphyromonas gingivalis. Tetracycline hydrochloride (TTC-HCl) is commonly used as a coadjutant in periodontal treatment in the form of an antiseptic. However, there are no clear dilution or concentration protocols. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of TTC-HCl diluted in sterile water, saline solution, and 2% lidocaine with epinephrine 1:80,000 at concentration of 125, 250, and 500 mg, at three time points- 30, 60, and 120 s - on P. intermedia, F. nucleatum, and P. gingivalis using the Kelsey-Maurer technique. Materials and Methods: The antimicrobial activity of TTC-HCl was evaluated at the proposed concentrations and times, dissolved in the different vehicles at pH 1.9 and 7.0, on F. nucleatum, P. intermedia, and P. gingivalis. The Kelsey-Maurer test was used to verify the presence or absence of colony-forming units. Each test was performed in triplicates with its respective viability controls. Results: Inhibition of F. nucleatum, P. intermedia, and P. gingivalis was achieved with TTC-HCl at all concentrations, dissolved in distilled water, saline solution, and 2% lidocaine with epinephrine 1:80,000 for all times. Conclusions: The results show that TTC-HCl is a good antimicrobial alternative against F. nucleatum, P. intermedia, and P. gingivalis regardless of the vehicle in which it was dissolved, concentration, pH, or time used in this investigation.

Association between Volatile Sulfur Compounds Prevotella intermedia and Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 Expression

Abstract Objective: To determine the correlation between levels of methyl mercaptan (CH3SH) hydrogen sulfide (H2S), the proportion of Prevotella intermedia (Pi), and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) gene expression levels in periodontitis patients accompanied by halitosis. Material and Methods: Samples were obtained from gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in the deepest pocket and by swabbing in the tongue coating area in patients with periodontitis presenting with halitosis (n = 23) and healthy subjects as controls (n = 7). The values of CH3SH and H2S were obtained using Oral Chroma. The proportion of Pi and MMP-8 expression levels were evaluated using PCR-RT. All the result was statistically analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The levels of CH3SH and H2S in participants with PD ≥ 6 mm showed a robust negative correlation with the proportion of P. intermedia in GCF and tongue coating. No statistically significant association was detected between CH3SH and H2S levels and MMP-8 expression levels (p>0.05). Conclusion: There is no association between CH3SH and H2S levels, the proportion of P. intermedia, and MMP-8 expression in patients with periodontitis accompanied by halitosis (AU).

Prevotella intermedia and periodontitis are associated with severe asthma.

BACKGROUND: Periodontitis, an inflammatory disease of multibacterial etiology that affects the protective and supporting tissues surrounding teeth, can influence the course of respiratory diseases, such as asthma, due to epithelial alterations arising from inflammatory and immunological processes, bronchial remodeling, or by the aspiration of pathogenic colonizers found in periodontal pockets. This study evaluated the levels of periodontal pathogens Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in the subgingival biofilm of individuals with and without severe asthma. METHODS: A case-control study enrolling 457 individuals (220 with asthma and 237 without asthma) was conducted at the Program for Control of Asthma in Bahia (ProAR) Clinic located in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain data on sociodemographic, health status, and lifestyle habits. A clinical periodontal assessment was performed, including bleeding on probing, probing depth, and clinical attachment level. Subgingival biofilm was collected at the deepest site of each sextant, and bacterial DNA was extracted. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis was performed to detect and relatively quantify periodontopathogens in the biofilm. RESULTS: Statistically significant positive associations were found between periodontitis and severe asthma, (odds ratio [OR]adjusted] : 4.00; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.26 to 7.10). High levels of P. intermedia were found in association with the presence of severe asthma (ORadjusted : 2.64; 95% CI: 1.62 to 4.39; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The present results suggest that periodontitis and P. intermedia are associated with severe asthma. However, the functional consequences of this dysbiosis upon asthma susceptibility and its phenotypes remain unclear.

Genome sequence of Prevotella intermedia SUNY aB G8-9K-3, a biofilm forming strain with drug-resistance

Prevotella intermedia has long been known to be as the principal etiologic agent of periodontal diseases and associated with various systemic diseases. Previous studies showed that the intra-species difference exists in capacity of biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance, and serological reaction among P. intermedia strains. Here we report the genome sequence of P. intermedia SUNY aB G8-9K-3 (designated ATCC49046) that displays a relatively high antimicrobial resistant and biofilm-forming capacity. Genome sequencing information provides important clues in understanding the genetic bases of phenotypic differences among P. intermedia strains.(AU)

Genome sequence of Prevotella intermedia SUNY aB G8-9K-3, a biofilm forming strain with drug-resistance

Abstract Prevotella intermedia has long been known to be as the principal etiologic agent of periodontal diseases and associated with various systemic diseases. Previous studies showed that the intra-species difference exists in capacity of biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance, and serological reaction among P. intermedia strains. Here we report the genome sequence of P. intermedia SUNY aB G8-9K-3 (designated ATCC49046) that displays a relatively high antimicrobial resistant and biofilm-forming capacity. Genome sequencing information provides important clues in understanding the genetic bases of phenotypic differences among P. intermedia strains.

Genome sequence of Prevotella intermedia SUNY aB G8-9K-3, a biofilm forming strain with drug-resistance.

Prevotella intermedia has long been known to be as the principal etiologic agent of periodontal diseases and associated with various systemic diseases. Previous studies showed that the intra-species difference exists in capacity of biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance, and serological reaction among P. intermedia strains. Here we report the genome sequence of P. intermedia SUNY aB G8-9K-3 (designated ATCC49046) that displays a relatively high antimicrobial resistant and biofilm-forming capacity. Genome sequencing information provides important clues in understanding the genetic bases of phenotypic differences among P. intermedia strains.

Prevotella intermedia: uma breve revisão / Prevotella intermedia: A brief review

Prevotella intermedia é um microrganismo anaeróbio Gram negativo, considerado um dos agentes etiológicos de doenças periodontais. Tendo em vista que o biofilme subgengival é um dos seus principais habitats, qualquer quebra na homeostase do meio pode favorecer seu desenvolvimento e consequente dano aos tecidos atingidos. Diversas pesquisas vêm sendo realizadas a fim de identificar o papel deste microrganismo nas doenças periodontais. Assim, este trabalho teve por objetivo revisar a literatura para coletar informações sobre as características e efeitos de Prevotella intermedia no contexto saúde-doença periodontal. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed e Lilacs, bem como através de uma busca aleatória. De um total de 47 artigos incluídos, alguns principais resultados puderam ser destacados: Prevotella intermedia está fortemente associada ao quadro de doenças periodontais e suas características favorecem o acometimento e intensificação de doenças diversas. Além disso, este microrganismo é capaz de produzir pigmentos e uma variedade de enzimas as quais favorecem danos aos tecidos periodontais. Existem várias características que aumentam a patogenicidade e virulência deste microrganismo, como por exemplos a sua cápsula polissacarídica, a presença de enzimas protetoras contra o oxigênio, a presença e produção de proteases, além da estimulação de fatores de crescimento no hospedeiro. Não há consenso na literatura acerca da relação de causa-efeito entre presença de Prevotella intermedia e diabetes. Contudo, este microrganismo parece estar envolvido no quadro de pacientes HIV positivo. Por fim, é importante salientar que Prevotella intermedia pode adquirir resistência a alguns tipos de antibióticos, e, por isso, o seu controle é um desafio à clínica atual...

Prevotella intermedia is a Gram negative anaerobic microorganism, considered one of the etiologic agents of periodontal diseases. Taking into account that the subgingival biofilm is its major habitat, any break of the environment homeostasis may lead to the development of the microorganism and consequent damage to the surrounding tissues. Several researches have been conducted in order to identify the role of this microorganism in the periodontal diseases. Thus, this study aimed to review the literature in an attempt to collect information about the characteristics and effects of Prevotella intermedia in the periodontal healthdisease context. The search was performed in the PubMed and Lilacs databases, as well as under a random search. From a total of 47 included articles, some major results could be drawn: Prevotella intermedia is strongly related to the occurrence of periodontal diseases, and its characteristics lead to the incidence of several diseases. Moreover, this microorganism is able to produce pigments and a variety of enzymes, which potentiate the damage of periodontal tissues. There are several characteristics that increase the pathogenicity and virulence of this microorganism, including the polyssacharidic capsule, the presence of protective enzymes against oxygen, the presence and production of proteases, as well as the stimulation of grow factors in the host. There is no consensus in the literature regarding the cause-effect relationship between the presence of Prevotella intermedia and diabetes. However, this microorganism seems to be involved in the occurrence of HIV-positive people. Lastly, it is worth to mention that Prevotella intermedia may acquire strength to some antibiotic types, and, therefore, its control is a challenge to the current clinic...

Prevotella intermedia and Porphyromonas gingivalis isolated from osseointegrated dental implants: colonization and antimicrobial susceptibility

The colonization and antimicrobial susceptibility of P. intermedia and P. gingivalis isolated from peri-implant and gingival sulcus samples were determined. Samples were collected from 30 patients submitted to implant in three different times: at the moment of the surgery, 20 and 60 days after the implant installation. Organisms were identified by using a biochemical tests or API 32-A kit and by PCR. The antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by using an agar dilution method. Nineteen P. intermedia (4 from peri-implant sites and 15 from gingival sulcus), and only seven P. gingivalis from gingival sulcus were isolated. Organisms were detected by PCR from seven peri-implant and 32 gingival samples. Bacteria were susceptible to the used antibiotics except to azithromycin with 65% of resistance for P. intermedia strains. Both tested species were susceptible to cadmium, nickel and palladium, and showed different resistance rates to titanium, aluminum and mercuric chloride. Most of P. intermedia strains were resistant to lead, silver, copper, titanium, zinc, aluminum and mercuric chloride. Bacteria colonized implants after 60 days of surgery and PCR may be used as a tool for bacterial detection in implantology.

Neste estudo foram avaliadas a colonização e a susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos de P. intermedia e P. gingivalis isolados de amostras de sulcus gengivais e peri-implantares. As amostras foram coletadas de 30 pacientes submetidos a implantes, em três tempos diferentes: no momento da cirurgia, 20 e 60 dias após a instalação do implante. Os organismos foram identificados por testes bioquímicos ou por kit comercial API 32-A e por PCR. A susceptibilidade antimicrobiana foi determinada usando-se o método de diluição em ágar. Foram isolados dezenove P. intermedia (quatro de peri-implantites e 15 de sulco gengival) e somente sete P. gingivalis de sulco gengival. Pelo PCR os organismos foram detectados de sete amostras sete peri-implantares e de 32 gengivais. As bactérias foram susceptíveis aos antibióticos usados exceto para azitromicina com 65% de resistência para P. intermedia. As espécies avaliadas foram sensíveis para cádmio, níquel e paládio, e mostraram diferentes faixas de resistência para titânio, alumínio e bicloreto de mercúrio. A maioria de P. intermedia foi resistente para chumbo, prata, cobre, titânio, zinco, alumínio e bicloreto de mercúrio. As bactérias colonizaram implantes após 60 dias de cirurgia e PCR pode ser usado como ferramenta para a detecção bacteriana na implantodontia.