Social Justice and the Political Organization of Behavior Analysts: Changing the Institutional Practices of a Brazilian Association.

Given the advancement of behavioral research in culture and social behavior, it seems natural for the community of behavior analysts to progress towards increased political engagement and a dedication to social justice. To reach this goal, it is necessary to act inside one's own communities and organizations. The purpose of this article is to report on the efforts of the Brazilian Association for Behavioral Psychology and Medicine (ABPMC) to increase equity and social justice during the 2017-2018 term. First, we present an overview of the ABPMC. Next, we describe the process of identifying, planning, and implementing equity and social justice actions in the association. The problems targeted were the discontinuation of policies from one term to another, elitism and centralization, the lack of topics with social and political relevance in the annual conference's scientific program, and the lack of support for the participation of women (especially mothers) in clinical and academic practice. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40617-020-00510-2.

[Clinical acute and emergency medicine curriculum-focus on internal medicine : Recommendations for advanced training in internal medicine in the emergency department]. / Curriculum Klinische Akut- und Notfallmedizin ­ Schwerpunkt Innere Medizin : Empfehlung zu Weiterbildungsinhalten der Inneren Medizin in der Notaufnahme.

In Germany, physicians qualify for emergency medicine by combining a specialty medical training-e.g. internal medicine-with advanced training in emergency medicine according to the statutes of the State Chambers of Physicians largely based upon the Guideline Regulations on Specialty Training of the German Medical Association. Internal medicine and their associated subspecialities represent an important column of emergency medicine. For the internal medicine aspects of emergency medicine, this curriculum presents an overview of knowledge, skills (competence levels I-III) as well as behaviours and attitudes allowing for the best treatment of patients. These include general aspects (structure and process quality, primary diagnostics and therapy as well as indication for subsequent treatment; resuscitation room management; diagnostics and monitoring; general therapeutic measures; hygiene measures; and pharmacotherapy) and also specific aspects concerning angiology, endocrinology, diabetology and metabolism, gastroenterology, geriatric medicine, hematology and oncology, infectiology, cardiology, nephrology, palliative care, pneumology, rheumatology and toxicology. Publications focussing on contents of advanced training are quoted in order to support this concept. The curriculum has primarily been written for internists for their advanced emergency training, but it may generally show practising emergency physicians the broad spectrum of internal medicine diseases or comorbidities presented by patients attending the emergency department.

Mentorship Landscape and Common Practices in an Academic Pharmacy Association.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the landscape of mentorship within professional associations in pharmacy academia, including reviewing available literature and describing currently available programs within the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, and recommend key considerations for the development of mentorship programs within professional associations. FINDINGS: A literature review of mentorship programs within professional associations for pharmacy academics was conducted, with a total of 5 articles identified and summarized. Additionally, a survey was conducted to determine the landscape of available mentorship programs within American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy affinity groups to capture unpublished experiences. Information regarding common characteristics and assessment methods was collected for groups that have mentorship programs, while needs and barriers were collected for those who did not. SUMMARY: Literature, while limited, supports positive perceptions of mentorship programs within professional associations. Based on the responses and working group experience, several recommendations are proposed for mentorship program development, including the need for clearly defined goals, relevant program outcomes, association support to reduce redundancies and promote participation, and, in some cases, implementation of an association-wide program to ensure access to mentorship.

Preparing for Facial Feminization Surgery.

Preparing for facial feminization surgery (FFS) or gender-affirming facial surgery is a daunting task. Patients do extensive research online to see what FFS means. Oftentimes it is the patients who are educating their physicians when discussing medical clearance or the esteemed "therapy letter." The therapy letter is a letter that details the support for surgery in a stable patient and reaffirms the need to have FFS in a person diagnosed with gender dysphoria. This typically follows the World Professional Association for Transgender Health standards-of-care guidelines. Besides having the therapy letter, patients must be counseled on concurrent mental health illnesses.

Organizational politics and professional struggles in nursing / Políticas organizacionales y luchas profesionales en enfermería / Política organizacional e lutas profissionais na enfermagem

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the professional struggles between nursing organizational entities, in Rio de Janeiro, during the Regional Nursing Council's electoral process (1990-1993 administration). Method: historical study. We used journalistic articles, normative documents, legislation and semi-structured interviews with five nursing professionals who participated in this process. Interpretation of findings was supported by Bourdieu's concepts of habitus, field, capital, and symbolic power. Results: Electoral Code changes of the aforementioned council, under the influence of administration (1987-1990), candidate for re-election, influenced the disclosure and eligibility criteria, making it difficult for broad participation, especially of Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem Rio de Janeiro Section. Final considerations: nursing, in this period, generated a field of disputes related to positions of power and gender, which was evidenced in the electoral process studied, which highlighted using limiting strategies by a group, making it difficult for the entire category to participate.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar las luchas profesionales entre las organizaciones de enfermería de Río de Janeiro, durante el proceso electoral del Consejo Regional de Enfermería (gestión 1990-1993). Método: estudio histórico. Se utilizaron artículos periodísticos, documentos normativos, legislación y entrevistas semiestructuradas con cinco profesionales de enfermería que participaron de este proceso. La interpretación de los hallazgos se apoyó en los conceptos de habitus, campo, capital, y poder simbólico de Bourdieu. Resultados: cambios en el Código Electoral del mencionado consejo, bajo la influencia de la gestión (1987-1990), candidato a la reelección, influyeron en los criterios de divulgación y elegibilidad, dificultando la amplia participación, especialmente de la Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem Sección Río de Janeiro. Consideraciones finales: la enfermería, en este período, generó un campo de disputas relacionadas con posiciones de poder y de género, lo que se evidenció en el proceso electoral estudiado, que destacó el uso de estrategias limitantes por parte de un grupo, dificultando la participación del conjunto la categoría.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as lutas profissionais entre entidades organizativas da enfermagem, no Rio de Janeiro, durante o processo eleitoral do Conselho Regional de Enfermagem (gestão 1990-1993). Método: estudo histórico. Utilizamos matérias jornalísticas, documentos normativos, legislações e entrevistas semiestruturadas com cinco profissionais de enfermagem que participaram desse processo. A interpretação dos achados foi apoiada pelos conceitos de habitus, campo, capital, e poder simbólico de Bourdieu. Resultados: as alterações no Código Eleitoral do citado conselho, sob influência da gestão (1987-1990), candidata à reeleição, influenciaram na divulgação e nos critérios de elegibilidade, dificultando a ampla participação, especialmente, da Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem Seção Rio de Janeiro. Considerações finais: a enfermagem, nesse período, gerou um campo de disputas relacionadas às posições de poder e de gênero, o que se evidenciou no processo eleitoral estudado, que ressaltou o uso de estratégias limitantes por parte de um grupo, dificultando a participação de toda a categoria.

Readiness assessments for gender-affirming surgical treatments: A systematic scoping review of historical practices and changing ethical considerations.

Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) are terms that refer to individuals whose gender identity differs from sex assigned at birth. TGD individuals may choose any variety of modifications to their gender expression including, but not limited to changing their name, clothing, or hairstyle, starting hormones, or undergoing surgery. Starting in the 1950s, surgeons and endocrinologists began treating what was then known as transsexualism with cross sex hormones and a variety of surgical procedures collectively known as sex reassignment surgery (SRS). Soon after, Harry Benjamin began work to develop standards of care that could be applied to these patients with some uniformity. These guidelines, published by the World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH), are in their 8th iteration. Through each iteration there has been a requirement that patients requesting gender-affirming hormones (GAH) or gender-affirming surgery (GAS) undergo one or more detailed evaluations by a mental health provider through which they must obtain a "letter of readiness," placing mental health providers in the role of gatekeeper. WPATH specifies eligibility criteria for gender-affirming treatments and general guidelines for the content of letters, but does not include specific details about what must be included, leading to a lack of uniformity in how mental health providers approach performing evaluations and writing letters. This manuscript aims to review practices related to evaluations and letters of readiness for GAS in adults over time as the standards of care have evolved via a scoping review of the literature. We will place a particular emphasis on changing ethical considerations over time and the evolution of the model of care from gatekeeping to informed consent. To this end, we did an extensive review of the literature. We identified a trend across successive iterations of the guidelines in both reducing stigma against TGD individuals and shift in ethical considerations from "do no harm" to the core principle of patient autonomy. This has helped reduce barriers to care and connect more people who desire it to gender affirming care (GAC), but in these authors' opinions does not go far enough in reducing barriers.

[The report's conclusions as seen by professional nursing organizations]. / Les conclusions du rapport vues par les organisations professionnelles infirmières.

Nurses have largely contributed to the national effort to fight the Covid-19 crisis, but have also been strongly affected by its consequences. This observation, reinforced by the recent recommendations of the World Health Organization's report on the situation of nurses in the world, underlines the need to initiate changes in the nursing field in France without delay.

The Quality and Utility of Referral Letters for Gender-Affirming Surgery.

Purpose: The World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) recommends referral by a mental health professional for gender-affirming chest and genital surgeries. However, several transgender health guidelines propose an informed consent model of care to respect patient autonomy. This research aimed to understand, characterize, and asses the quality of information gathered through referral letters for patients consulting for gender-affirming surgeries. Methods: A retrospective review of electronic medical records (EMRs), including referral letters from behavioral health (BH) and primary care providers (PCPs), was conducted for patients seeking chest or genital surgery by a single surgeon between 2017 and 2019. Data were abstracted manually and included medical and gender history and documentation of WPATH-recommended surgical criteria. Results: A total of 233 patient records, including 171 PCP letters and 231 BH letters, were reviewed. With respect to documentation of surgical criteria, 92% of BH letters documented a diagnosis of gender dysphoria, 63% ability to provide informed consent, and 51% management of BH comorbidities. More than half of individuals with chronic physical health conditions did not have those conditions documented in their referral letters. Similarly, BH letters often failed to document BH diagnoses endorsed by patients. For example, while 80% of patients endorsed a diagnosis of anxiety, more than half did not have it documented in their letters. Overall, greater than half of diagnoses across BH conditions were only documented as present in the EMR. Conclusion: Referral letters only variably documented WPATH-recommended surgical criteria and did not reliably document physical and mental health comorbidities. Our research suggests that multidisciplinary pre-surgical assessment may be more useful than referral letters in some settings.

Construcción, recorridos y desafíos de nuestra organización gremial / Construction, journeys, and challenges of our professional organization / Construção, percursos e desafios do nosso conselho profissional

Este número especial de la Revista Ocupación Humana, dedicado a celebrar los 50 años del Colegio Colombiano de Terapia Ocupacional, contiene reflexiones, testimonios y artículos que recorren la historia, los tiempos y devenires alrededor de nuestra vigencia gremial y que avizoran un futuro basado en el compromiso personal y colectivo. Siguiendo estas ideas, en esta editorial, el Consejo Directivo Nacional 2022-2024 transita sobre el antes, el ahora y el futuro del hacer colectivo de la Terapia Ocupacional colombiana.

This special issue of the Revista Ocupacion Humana, dedicated to celebrating the 50th anniversary of the Colombian College of Occupational Therapy, contains reflections, testimonies, and articles that go through history, times, and journeys around our association's validity and that envision a future based on the personal and collective commitment. Following these ideas, in this editorial, the National Board of Directors 2022-2024 walks through the past, present, and future of Colombian Occupational Therapy's collective doing.

Esta edição especial da Revista Ocupación Humana, dedicada à celebração dos 50 anos do Colégio Colombiano de Terapia Ocupacional, contém reflexões, depoimentos e artigos que traçam a história, os tempos e os desenvolvimentos em torno da nossa validade sindical e que vislumbram um futuro baseado no compromisso pessoal e coletivo. Seguindo essas ideias, neste editorial, o Conselho Nacional de Direção 2022-2024 avança no antes, agora e no futuro da confecção coletiva da Terapia Ocupacional Colombiana.

La Asociación Argentina de Terapistas Ocupacionales sesenta años después de su creación. El mismo espíritu ante nuevos desafíos / The Argentine Association of Occupational Therapists sixty years after its creation. Same spirit in the face of new challenges / A Associação Argentina de Terapeutas Ocupacionais sessenta anos após sua criação. O mesmo espírito diante de novos desafios

El artículo presenta los inicios en la fundación de la Asociación Argentina de Terapistas Ocupacionales, su desarrollo, acciones realizadas y la conformación actual. Asimismo, da cuenta de la organización profesional en el territorio nacional argentino a partir de la creación de dicha Asociación, en 1962, hasta la conformación de la Red Nacional de Terapia Ocupacional en el año 2016. Se menciona cómo se organiza el sistema de salud en Argentina, para comprender sus particularidades al momento de constituirse las organizaciones de profesionales. También expone las articulaciones de la Asociación con otros actores y organismos públicos en las acciones que lleva adelante. Se enuncian algunas de las gestiones desarrolladas por la Asociación, así como otras realizadas de forma colectiva con las organizaciones profesionales que conforman la Red Nacional de Terapia Ocupacional.

This article presents the beginnings of the Argentine Association of Occupational Therapists foundation, its development, actions carried out, and the current conformation. Likewise, it accounts for the professional organization throughout the national territory from the Association's inception in 1962 until the formation of the National Network of Occupational Therapy in 2016. It mentions how the health system in Argentina is organized to understand its particularities at the time of constituting professional organizations and the articulations of the Association with other actors and public organizations for action. Some of the steps developed by the Association collectively with other organizations and professional associations that make up the National Network of Occupational Therapy, are stated.

O artigo apresenta o surgimento da fundação da Associação Argentina de Terapeutas Ocupacionais, seu desenvolvimento, ações realizadas e sua atual conformação. Da mesma forma responde pela organização profissional no território nacional argentino desde a criação desta Associação, em 1962, até a formação da Rede Nacional de Terapia Ocupacional em 2016. Menciona-se como o sistema de saúde se organiza na Argentina, para entender suas particularidades no momento da constituição de organizações profissionais. Também expõe as articulações da Associação com outros atores e órgãos públicos nas ações que realiza. Alguns dos esforços desenvolvidos pela Associação são enunciados, assim como outros realizados coletivamente com as organizações profissionais que compõem a Rede Nacional de Terapia Ocupacional.

Chiropractic students' perceptions of barriers and facilitators to joining a professional association".

Background: In Australia, about 1 in 3 chiropractors choose not to belong to either of the two professional associations and this is considerably lower compared to other health professional organisations in this country. The reasons for this remain unknown. We sought to explore possible reasons by asking chiropractic students their perceptions of barriers and facilitators to joining a professional association. However, we were unable to identify validated survey instruments that could be used to obtain information about reasons for joining health professional associations. Aim: Therefore, the objectives of this study were to: 1) develop a survey instrument that captures information about what influences chiropractic students in joining professional association; and 2) identify factors that promote association membership among chiropractic students. Methods: A literature review was undertaken to identify known determinants of professional association membership and were used to construct a preliminary survey instrument, which comprised 47 items. Six fourth-year chiropractic students assessed the preliminary survey instrument's content validity. Principal components analysis was used to establish the structure of the scales. Cronbach's alpha was derived to determine whether all items in each scale tapped a discrete construct. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between the scale scores and having joined a chiropractic professional association. Results: In March 2019, 348 chiropractic students from Murdoch University (71.0%) responded to a voluntary, anonymous questionnaire. Principal components analysis resulted in the retention of 21 items that strongly loaded onto 6 factors. Internal consistency was found to be adequate. The results of the logistic regression analysis demonstrated that only "development of the profession" was significantly associated with have joined a professional chiropractic association (p = 0.049, OR = 2.22; 95% CI = 1.26-3.40). Conclusion: Chiropractic organisations can probably most effectively increase membership numbers through raising awareness of their contribution to the development of the profession.

Ergonomics in the Future World: Perspectives from Australia and New Zealand.

BACKGROUND: The International Ergonomics Association is a professional association for human factors and ergonomics (HFE) professionals. Australia and New Zealand are two of 52 Federated Societies within the IEA. OBJECTIVE: This paper describes an Ergonomics and the Future World (EFW) workshop held at the IEA Triennial Congress in 2018 (IEA2018), and reports the findings of the Australia / New Zealand (Southern Cross) Cluster (SCC). METHODS: Four questions were developed by the IEA EFW committee to evaluate the ergonomics state-of-play in various world regions. Southern Cross delegates (N = 17) participated in a 90-minute workshop discussion at IEA2018 (45% participation rate for SCC delegates). A summary was presented during the IEA2018 closing ceremony and as a written report for the IEA. RESULTS: Three themes emerged from the SCC discussions: (i) the impact of technology advances on HFE professional practice;(ii) communication with internal and external stakeholders; and (iii) HFE education. CONCLUSIONS: The workshop findings are similar to issues raised at local discussions in Australia and New Zealand over past decades and mirror comments and opinions published by authors in the HFE profession. They provide a benchmark for current SCC opinion and may provide direction for future discussion of these recurring issues.

Leadership professionnelProfessional leadership.

The largest health profession in terms of the number of employees, nurses are affected by the decisions taken with regard to their professional group but they also want to be involved in the decision-making processes relating to healthcare issues. In these negotiations, the task of professional nursing organisations is to demonstrate professional leadership.

[Leadership and nursing specialities]. / Leadership et spécialités infirmières.

Specialist nurses who have acquired specific expertise are often expected to demonstrate clinical leadership within their teams. They must therefore be suitably prepared for this during their training.

[Agreement of the Professional Association of German Anesthesiologists and the Professional Association of German Surgeons for the Organization of Postoperative Pain Therapy for Surgical Patients (revised version 2019)]. / Vereinbarung zur Organisation der Schmerztherapie chirurgischer Patienten des Berufsverbandes Deutscher Anästhesisten und des Berufsverbandes der Deutschen Chirurgen (Neufassung 2019).

The treatment of any causal, procedure-specific and/or concomitant acute pain is an essential quality feature in any surgical subspecialty. An interdisciplinary and interprofessional pain therapy aims for an immediate improvement of the patients' quality of life, a reduction of the risk of postoperative morbidity and mortality in the medium term, prevention of any pain chronification in the long run as well as a reduction of hospitalization and sick leave. The "Agreement of the Professional Association of German Anesthesiologists and the Professional Association of German Surgeons for the Organization of Postoperative Pain Therapy" exists since 1992. In view of the continuously developing scientific evidence, updated guideline recommendations and interprofessionally designed treatment pathways, these agreements have been adapted to the current requirements and structural conditions of the German healthcare system. Thus, both aforementioned professional associations promote an up to date version of an "Agreement for the Organization of Pain Therapy for Surgical Patients", a precise recommendation and a manual for the acting partners in order to realize the abovementioned goals.

[Agreement of the Professional Association of German Anesthesiologists and the Professional Association of German Surgeons for the Organization of Postoperative Pain Therapy for Surgical Patients (revised version 2019)]. / Vereinbarung zur Organisation der Schmerztherapie chirurgischer Patienten des Berufsverbandes Deutscher Anästhesisten und des Berufsverbandes der Deutschen Chirurgen (Neufassung 2019).

The treatment of any causal, procedure-specific and/or concomitant acute pain is an essential quality feature in any surgical subspecialty. An interdisciplinary and interprofessional pain therapy aims for an immediate improvement of the patients' quality of life, a reduction of the risk of postoperative morbidity and mortality in the medium term, prevention of any pain chronification in the long run as well as a reduction of hospitalization and sick leave. The "Agreement of the Professional Association of German Anesthesiologists and the Professional Association of German Surgeons for the Organization of Postoperative Pain Therapy" exists since 1992. In view of the continuously developing scientific evidence, updated guideline recommendations and interprofessionally designed treatment pathways, these agreements have been adapted to the current requirements and structural conditions of the German healthcare system. Thus, both aforementioned professional associations promote an up to date version of an "Agreement for the Organization of Pain Therapy for Surgical Patients", a precise recommendation and a manual for the acting partners in order to realize the abovementioned goals.

[Agreement of the Professional Association of German Anesthesiologists and the Professional Association of German Surgeons for the Organization of Postoperative Pain Therapy for Surgical Patients (revised version 2019)]. / Vereinbarung zur Organisation der Schmerztherapie chirurgischer Patienten des Berufsverbandes Deutscher Anästhesisten und des Berufsverbandes der Deutschen Chirurgen (Neufassung 2019).

The treatment of any causal, procedure-specific and/or concomitant acute pain is an essential quality feature in any surgical subspecialty. An interdisciplinary and interprofessional pain therapy aims for an immediate improvement of the patients' quality of life, a reduction of the risk of postoperative morbidity and mortality in the medium term, prevention of any pain chronification in the long run as well as a reduction of hospitalization and sick leave. The "Agreement of the Professional Association of German Anesthesiologists and the Professional Association of German Surgeons for the Organization of Postoperative Pain Therapy" exists since 1992. In view of the continuously developing scientific evidence, updated guideline recommendations and interprofessionally designed treatment pathways, these agreements have been adapted to the current requirements and structural conditions of the German healthcare system. Thus, both aforementioned professional associations promote an up to date version of an "Agreement for the Organization of Pain Therapy for Surgical Patients", a precise recommendation and a manual for the acting partners in order to realize the abovementioned goals.

[Agreement of the Professional Association of German Anesthesiologists and the Professional Association of German Surgeons for the Organization of Postoperative Pain Therapy for Surgical Patients (revised version 2019)]. / Vereinbarung zur Organisation der Schmerztherapie chirurgischer Patienten des Berufsverbandes Deutscher Anästhesisten und des Berufsverbandes der Deutschen Chirurgen (Neufassung 2019).

The treatment of any causal, procedure-specific and/or concomitant acute pain is an essential quality feature in any surgical subspecialty. An interdisciplinary and interprofessional pain therapy aims for an immediate improvement of the patients' quality of life, a reduction of the risk of postoperative morbidity and mortality in the medium term, prevention of any pain chronification in the long run as well as a reduction of hospitalization and sick leave. The "Agreement of the Professional Association of German Anesthesiologists and the Professional Association of German Surgeons for the Organization of Postoperative Pain Therapy" exists since 1992. In view of the continuously developing scientific evidence, updated guideline recommendations and interprofessionally designed treatment pathways, these agreements have been adapted to the current requirements and structural conditions of the German healthcare system. Thus, both aforementioned professional associations promote an up to date version of an "Agreement for the Organization of Pain Therapy for Surgical Patients", a precise recommendation and a manual for the acting partners in order to realize the abovementioned goals.

Community Health Worker (CHW) Movement in Hawai'i: Moving Towards a CHW Association.

This editorial presents the perspectives of allies - a group of governmental, university and public health organizations that support the creation of a professional association for CHWs in Hawai'i. We support the efforts of CHWs as they organize and move towards establishing a professional association. Hawai'i CHWs have held monthly meetings starting in 2017 to discuss variety of issues around their work and share information and experiences. A group of CHWs and allies developed a strategic plan in 2018 in preparation to establish a professional association. They shared the results with colleagues from across the state. One desirable outcome for many was a professional CHW association. Such an association could be a forum of shared learning, information sharing, networking, and advocating for workforce and professional development issues, such as training, reimbursement for services, credentials, and certifications. Furthermore, allies support CHW-led efforts to develop an association, for instance, by securing diversified funding sources for CHW trainings, networking, and planning activities. Allies also help by informing supervisors, employers, and policymakers about the importance of trainings and other workforce and professional development for CHWs. A professional association for CHWs in Hawai'i could be useful to many. This editorial provides more insights into this topic.

The Impacts of Organizational Justice on Early Childhood Educators' Intention to Participate in Professional Associations: The Mediator Role of Deliberative Beliefs.

Guided by the general incentives rational action model and deliberative participatory democracy framework, we investigated whether deliberative beliefs, including normative and personal aspects, mediate the relationship between distributive, procedural, and interactive organizational justice and intention to participate in professional associations. Self-report measures of organizational justice, deliberative belief, and intention of participation were obtained from 789 early childhood educators in Taiwan. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the proposed model. According to the results of the study, there is a relationship between organizational justice and intention of professional association participation, and a fully significant mediation effect was found for deliberative beliefs between organizational justice and intention to participate. These findings are discussed with respect to improving professional association participation and applying deliberative pedagogy.