An antifouling electrochemical biosensor based on oxidized bacterial cellulose and quaternized chitosan for reliable detection of involucrin in wound exudate.

The monitoring of biomarkers in wound exudate is of great importance for wound care and treatment, and electrochemical biosensors with high sensitivity are potentially useful for this purpose. However, conventional electrochemical biosensors always suffer from severe biofouling when performed in the complex wound exudate. Herein, an antifouling electrochemical biosensor for the detection of involucrin in wound exudate was developed based on a wound dressing, oxidized bacterial cellulose (OxBC) and quaternized chitosan (QCS) composite hydrogel. The OxBC/QCS hydrogel was prepared using an in-situ chemical oxidation and physical blending method, and the proportion of OxBC and QCS was optimized to achieve electrical neutrality and enhanced hydrophilicity, therefore endowing the hydrogel with exceptional antifouling and antimicrobial properties. The involucrin antibody SY5 was covalently bound to the OxBC/QCS hydrogel to construct the biosensor, and it demonstrated a low limit of detection down to 0.45 pg mL-1 and a linear detection range from 1.0 pg mL-1 to 1.0 µg mL-1, and it was capable of detecting targets in wound exudate. Crucially, the unique antifouling and antimicrobial capability of the OxBC/QCS hydrogel not only extends its effective lifespan but also guarantees the sensing performance of the biosensor. The successful application of this wound dressing, OxBC/QCS hydrogel for involucrin detection in wound exudate demonstrates its promising potential in wound healing monitoring.

Preparation and evaluation of dual drug-loaded nanofiber membranes based on coaxial electrostatic spinning technology.

Wound healing is a complicated process consisting of wound bleeding, inflammatory response, cell proliferation and tissue remodeling. During this long-term period, wound is vulnerable to infection by bacteria or microbes. Therefore, we prepared a novel centella total glucoside-ciprofloxacin dual-loaded coaxial nanofiber membrane (CDCNM) by using coaxial electrostatic spinning technique. To satisfy personalized therapeutic demands by adjusting release behaviors, we loaded centella total glucoside (CTG) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) into different positions of the fibers and the morphology and coaxial structure of the nanofiber membranes were analyzed by SEM and TEM. In addition, water contact angle, water absorption capacity, breathability and in vitro drug release were tested. In vitro cell experiments demonstrated that CDCNM can promote fibroblast proliferation. CDCNM demonstrated excellent antimicrobial activity through the agar flat dish diffusion method. Furthermore, rat scald experiments showed that CDCNM significantly accelerated scald healing, meanwhile immunohistochemical staining showed that CDCNM promoted the expression of CD31 and VEGF during early wound healing, which accelerated scald healing by promoting neovascularization and endothelial cell proliferation. As a topical multifunctional wound dressing, this dual drug-loaded nanofiber membrane achieved scald healing effect and continuous bacterial inhibition, which provides new ideas for existing trauma treatment tools and dual drug delivery systems.

In vitro and in vivo study of PCL/COLL wound dressing loaded with insulin-chitosan nanoparticles on cutaneous wound healing in rats model.

In the current study, insulin delivering chitosan nanoparticles were coated onto the electrospun poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL)/Collagen (COLL) to produce a potential wound care material. Electrospun matrices were fabricated from PCL/COLL (1:1 (w/w)) solution. The insulin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles were produced by ionic gelation process and then attached onto the yarns. The dressings were investigated regarding their surface wettability, microstructure, the capacity to absorb water, water vapour permeability, mechanical properties, blood compatibility, microbial penetration, and cellular behavior. Full-thickness excisional wound model was used to assess the in vivo healing capacity of the dressings. Our data showed that after 14 days the wounds covered with PCL/COLL/Cs-Ins wound dressing could reach to nearly full wound closure compared with the sterile gauze which exhibited nearly 45% of wound size reduction. Our results suggest that fabricated scaffolds can be potentially applied in clinical practice for wound treatment.