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1.
Article Es | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1536696

La donación de ovocitos y embriones se ha convertido en un procedimiento frecuente en mujeres infértiles en edad reproductiva avanzada, con una elevada tasa de embarazo. En estos embarazos aumenta la incidencia de eventos obstétricos adversos, como trastornos hipertensivos, diabetes gestacional, parto operatorio, entre otros, y mortalidad perinatal. Los embarazos múltiples aumentan significativamente los riesgos, por lo que se recomienda la transferencia de un solo embrión. Las pacientes deben someterse inicialmente a un examen médico integral que incluya evaluación cardiovascular y psicológica, evitando el tratamiento en mujeres con enfermedades crónicas que aumentan significativamente los riesgos. En este simposio se revisará el manejo de la infertilidad en mujeres en edad reproductiva avanzada con ovocitos propios y donados, las complicaciones obstétricas y perinatales, así como los aspectos éticos y las consideraciones especiales para tener en cuenta en este tipo de tratamientos.


Oocyte and embryo donation has become a frequent procedure in infertile women of advanced reproductive age, with a high pregnancy rate. In these pregnancies, the incidence of adverse obstetric events (hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes, operative delivery, among others) and perinatal mortality increases. Multiple pregnancies significantly increase the risks, so single embryo transfer is recommended. Patients should have a previous comprehensive medical examination including cardiovascular and psychological evaluation, avoiding treatment in women with chronic diseases that significantly increase risks. This symposium ill review infertility management in women of advanced reproductive age with own and donated oocytes, obstetric and perinatal complications as well as ethical aspects and special considerations to consider in this type of treatment.

2.
Article Es | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1536698

Las mujeres retrasan cada vez más la maternidad por diferentes motivos, lo que les ocasiona recurrir a tratamientos de fertilización in vitro (FIV) con óvulos propios u óvulos donados para conseguir embarazo. En los tratamientos de FIV con óvulos donados se realiza una selección estricta de las donantes, quienes son sometidas a estimulación ovárica con posterior aspiración de los folículos. La edad recomendada para donar es entre 21 y 34 años. Se recomienda un máximo de 6 donaciones por donante. La receptora es la persona a quien se le realizará la transferencia del embrión y llevará el embarazo. Las tasas de embarazo con esta técnica de reproducción asistida son altas y las indicaciones más frecuentes son edad materna avanzada y falla ovárica precoz.


Women are increasingly delaying childbearing for different reasons, which causes them to resort to in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatments with their own oocytes or donated oocytes to achieve pregnancy. In IVF treatments with donated oocytes, donors are strictly selected and undergo ovarian stimulation with subsequent follicle aspiration. The recommended age to donate is between 21-34 years old. A maximum of 6 donations per donor is recommended. The recipient is the person to whom the embryo transfer will be performed and who will carry the pregnancy. Pregnancy rates with this assisted reproduction technique are high and the most frequent indications are advanced maternal age and early ovarian failure.

3.
Psicol. teor. prát ; 25(3): 14408, 10 jul. 2023.
Article En, Pt | LILACS | ID: biblio-1451197

Infertile couples seeking treatment experience a social stigma that can lead to the need for privacy and, in turn, compromise their access to social support. This multiple case study, that involved the collection of sociodemographic and health data and interviews with four heterosexual couples accessed by convenience, aimed to examine the perception of the couples about the social support received after the disclosure of the condition of infertility and/or of the assisted reproductive technology treatment. The cases were analysed individually and comparatively. From the couples' statements, it is highlighted that all of them revealed something about infertility and/or treatment at some point in the process, although some considered not revealing it. Both support and lack of support were perceived from the revelations. The non-disclosure was motivated by self-preservation and by avoidance of social pressure. The findings indicate the importance of psychological intervention to expand the couples' social support.


Parejas infértiles que buscan tratamiento experimentan un estigma social que puede acarrear la necesidad de privacidad y, a su vez, comprometer el acceso al apoyo social. Ese estudio de múltiples casos, que involucró la recogida de datos sociodemográficos, de salud y entrevistas con cuatro parejas heterosexuales accedidas por conveniencia, buscó examinar la percepción de las parejas sobre el apoyo social después de la revelación de la condición de infertilidad y/o del tratamiento con técnicas de reproducción asistida. Los casos fueron analizados individual y comparativamente. De las declaraciones de las parejas, se destaca que todas revelaron algo sobre la infertilidad y/o el tratamiento en algún momento del proceso, aunque algunos consideraron no revelarlo. Se percibió tanto el apoyo como la falta de apoyo a partir de las revelaciones. La no revelación fue motivada por la autopreservación y por la evitación de presión social. Los hallazgos indican la importancia de la intervención psicológica para ampliar el apoyo social de las parejas.


Casais inférteis que buscam tratamento experimentam um estigma social que pode acarretar a necessidade de privacidade e, por sua vez, comprometer o acesso ao apoio social. Este estudo de casos múltiplos, que envolveu a coleta de dados sociodemográficos, de saúde e entrevistas com quatro casais heterossexuais acessados por conveniência, objetivou examinar a sua percepção sobre o apoio social recebido após a revelação da condição de infertilidade e/ou de tratamento com técnicas de reprodução assistida. Os casos foram analisados individualmente e comparativamente. A partir das falas, destaca-se que todos revelaram algo sobre a infertilidade e/ou o tratamento em algum momento do processo, ainda que alguns tenham considerado não revelar. Percebeu-se tanto apoio como falta de apoio diante das revelações. A não revelação foi motivada pela autopreservação e pela evitação de pressão social. Os achados indicam a importância da intervenção psicológica para ampliar o apoio social dos casais.


Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Social Support , Reproductive Techniques, Assisted , Infertility/psychology , Family , Mental Health , Social Stigma , Sociodemographic Factors , Interview, Psychological
4.
Enferm. glob ; 22(71): 46-67, jul. 2023. tab
Article Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-222956

Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre el índice de Masa Corporal en mujeres y los resultados obtenidos en las técnicas de reproducción asistida. Método: Se llevó a cabo un diseño no experimental, transversal, descriptivo y correlacional, mediante un análisis de datos secundarios en varias clínicas de reproducción asistida en España. Se analizaron 3.273 historias clínicas de mujeres sometidas a fecundación in vitro entre 2015-2018. Se recogieron datos de filiación e inicio del tratamiento, datos antropométricos, antecedentes personales, enfermedades actuales, esterilidad primaria, esterilidad secundaria, así como los parámetros referentes a los resultados tras tratamiento de reproducción asistida. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante el software SPSS-V19.0. Resultados: 798 mujeres (24,42%) tenían un IMC ≥25. Las mujeres con sobrepeso consiguieron un menor número de ovocitos recuperados y fecundados, así como menor número de embriones obtenidos. Las mujeres con peso normal consiguieron un menor número de óvulos maduros y las mujeres con bajo peso presentaron una menor tasa de fecundación. Conclusiones: Se ha encontrado que los resultados obtenidos en las técnicas de reproducción asistida tienen relación con el índice de Masa Corporal de las mujeres. (AU)


Objective: To analyze the relationship between the Body Mass Index in women and the results obtained in assisted reproductive techniques. Methods: A non-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational design was carried out through an analysis of secondary data in several assisted reproduction clinics from Spain. 3,273 medical records of women undergoing In Vitro Fertilization between 2015 and 2018 were analyzed. Data on affiliation and treatment initiation, anthropometric data, personal history, current diseases, primary and secondary infertility, as well as the reference parameters to the results after the assisted reproduction treatment were collected. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v19.0 software. Results: A total of 798 women (24.42%) had a BMI values ≥ 25. The overweight women achieved a lower number of oocytes retrieved and fertilized, as well as fewer embryos obtained. The women with normal weight achieved a lower number of mature oocytes and those with low weight had a lower fertilization rate. Conclusions: It has been found that the results obtained in assisted reproductive techniques are related to women's Body Mass Index. (AU)


Humans , Female , Body Mass Index , Reproductive Techniques, Assisted , Cross-Sectional Studies , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Spain , Treatment Outcome
5.
Clín. salud ; 34(2): 79-84, jul. 2023. ilus, tab
Article En | IBECS | ID: ibc-223208

Background: Infertility generates high levels of stress to women. The aim was to explore optimism and resilience among women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART). Method: Participants were recruited in a private fertility clinic. The sample consisted of 229 women under medical treatment for fertility who completed the following self-report instruments: a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire, Resilience Scale (RS), Life Orientation Test (LOT-R), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and STAI State and STAI Trait. Results: Our data revealed that high resilience levels were associated with a reduced psychological stress (β = .02, p < .001, 95% CI [.34, .13]). A significant negative correlation between perceived stress and resilience (r = -.320, p = .001) was found. Conclusion: The findings highlight the protective mediating role of resilience when women are confronted with the negative effects of infertility diagnosis and assisted reproductive technology (ART), and therefore the potential utility of resilience to reduce infertility-specific stress. (AU)


Antecedentes: La infertilidad genera un nivel de estrés elevado en la mujer. El objetivo era explorar el optimismo y la resiliencia en las mujeres que se someten a técnicas de reproducción asistida (TRA). Método: Los participantes fueron reclutados en una clínica de fertilidad privada. La muestra estuvo conformada por 229 mujeres en tratamiento médico para de fertilidad que cumplimentaron los siguientes instrumentos de autoinforme: cuestionario sociodemográfico y clínico, Escala de Resiliencia (RS), Test de Orientación a la Vida (LOT-R), Escala de Estrés Percibido (PSS) y STAI Estado y Rasgo. Resultados: Los datos revelaron que un nivel elevado de resiliencia se asociaba con menos estrés psicológico (β = .02, p < .001, IC del 95 % [.34, .13]). Se obtuvo una correlación negativa significativa entre estrés percibido y resiliencia (r = -.320, p = .001). Conclusión: Los hallazgos resaltan el papel mediador protector de la resiliencia cuando las mujeres se enfrentan a los efectos negativos del diagnóstico de infertilidad y las técnicas de reproducción asistida (TRA) y, por lo tanto, la utilidad potencial de la resiliencia para reducir el estrés específico de la infertilidad. (AU)


Humans , Female , Young Adult , Adult , Reproductive Techniques, Assisted/psychology , Resilience, Psychological , Optimism , Stress, Psychological , Anxiety , Spain , Infertility/drug therapy , Self Report , Surveys and Questionnaires
6.
Perinatol. reprod. hum ; 37(2): 80-83, abr.-jun. 2023. tab
Article Es | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1514615

Resumen El síndrome de Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (SMRKH) es una anomalía del tracto genital femenino caracterizada por ausencia congénita del útero y porción superior de la vagina. Ocurre en uno de cada 4,500 nacimientos y se diagnostica normalmente durante la adolescencia al presentarse amenorrea primaria. Su función ovárica está preservada, pero la información actual respecto al potencial reproductivo de estas pacientes es limitada. Se presenta el caso de una mujer con diagnóstico de SMRKH sometida a estimulación ovárica para transferencia de embriones a útero subrogado y se discute su potencial reproductivo: técnicas de reproducción asistida, intervenciones e impacto psicológico.


Abstract Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome (MRKH) is a congenital anomaly of the female genital tract characterized by congenital absence of the uterus and upper part of the vagina. It occurs in 4,500 female births and diagnosis is usually made during adolescence when primary amenorrhea presents. They have functioning ovaries but data regarding their reproductive potential is limited. We hereby report the case of a woman diagnosed with MRKH syndrome in whom assisted reproductive techniques were used to try to achieve pregnancy by gestational surrogacy and their reproductive potential is discussed: assisted reproductive techniques, procedures, and psychological impact.

7.
Pers. bioet ; 27(1)jun. 2023.
Article Es | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1534990
8.
Rev. derecho genoma hum ; (58): 85-132, Ene.-jun. 2023.
Article Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-231271

La gestación por sustitución es una vía para poder tener descendencia que, en nuestro país no es aceptada y ello nos ha llevado a un alto turismo reproductivo cuyas consecuencias derivan en una inseguridad jurídica inaceptable en un Estado Social y Democrático como el nuestro; inseguridad que alcanza incluso al ordenamiento penal. Por ello, se hace necesario una aproximación a este fenómeno, sus consecuencias y posibles soluciones. (AU)


Surrogacy is a way to have offspring that is not accepted in our country and this has led to a high level of reproductive tourism whose consequences lead to unacceptable legal uncertainty in a Social and Democratic State like ours; insecurity that even reaches the penal system. Therefore, an approach to this phenomenon, its consequences and possible solutions is necessary. (AU)


Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Surrogate Mothers/legislation & jurisprudence , Criminal Law , Reproductive Techniques/ethics , Reproductive Techniques/legislation & jurisprudence , Civil Rights
9.
Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr (Engl Ed) ; 69(10): 837-843, 2022 Dec.
Article En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36526354

Infertility affects millions worldwide and use of assisted reproductive techniques (ART) is in high demand. AIMS: To investigate whether women that underwent ART at our hospital had a higher incidence of GDM than women who conceived spontaneously, if the ART subtype affects the GDM rate and to study obstetrical outcomes in women with GDM in both groups. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of singleton pregnancies attended at Hospital Universitari Dexeus between 2008 and 2019. Age<18 years, pregestational diabetes, metformin prior to pregnancy and multiple pregnancies were excluded. RESULTS: A total of 29,529 patients were included. Pregnancy was achieved by ART in 2596 (8.8%): in vitro fertilisation (IVF/ICSI) 32.8%, frozen embryo transfer (FET) 37.7%, oocyte donor receptors (ODR) 17.2% and insemination 12.2%. The GDM rate was 8.9% (12.7% in ART vs 8.5% in non-ART, p<0.001). The GDM was 11.2% in IVF/ICSI, 17.7% in ODR, 13% in FET and 9.1% in the insemination group (p=0.001). In a multivariable analysis adjusting for age, parity and BMI, ART was not associated with GDM [OR 1.03 (0.90-1.19)], nor was type of ART. Pregnancy outcomes in GDM patients were similar in both groups except for C-section rates (30.0% in ART vs 15.9% in non-ART (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Despite a higher prevalence of GDM in ART pregnancies, ART was not associated with an increased risk of GDM when adjusting for age, parity and BMI. The prognosis of GDM in ART and non-ART was similar except for C-section rates.


Diabetes, Gestational , Pregnancy , Humans , Female , Diabetes, Gestational/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Prevalence , Reproductive Techniques, Assisted/adverse effects , Pregnancy Outcome/epidemiology
10.
Estud. pesqui. psicol. (Impr.) ; 22(4): 1581-1600, dez. 2022.
Article En, Es, Pt | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1428537

O presente artigo objetiva refletir sobre o discurso moral midiático produzido em torno da Inseminação Caseira e seu uso como tecnologia reprodutiva por casais de mulheres lésbicas. Esta é uma modalidade reprodutiva autônoma, que consiste em uma autoinseminação de baixo custo, feita com o uso de material biológico de doador não anônimo. Para esta reflexão, utilizou-se cinco obras midiáticas produzidas por canais de comunicação de grande alcance no cenário nacional, analisadas sob a ótica da análise do discurso. Foram traçadas cinco categorias analíticas: apresentação textual-imagética das obras; narrativa das mulheres tentantes; discursos promovidos pelos ditos especialistas; e representação da figura do doador. Conclui-se pela necessidade de estímulo ao debate acerca da inseminação caseira realizada por mulheres lésbicas, de modo que tanto profissionais da área da saúde como a sociedade de uma forma geral não se baseiem apenas em discursos morais condenatórios ditos científicos, como aqueles propagados pela grande mídia em relação à Inseminação Caseira. Soma-se a isso a importância em garantir visibilidade para os relatos das mulheres que estão se submetendo à inseminação caseira, compreendendo-as enquanto protagonistas da produção de sua saúde sexual e reprodutiva e projetos parentais e que, por isso, devem ter seus discursos e experiências legitimados.


The present article aims to reflect on the media moral discourse produced around Homemade Insemination and its use as a reproductive technology by lesbian couples. This is an autonomous reproductive modality, which consists in a low-cost self-insemination performed with the use of biological material from a non-anonymous donor. This reflection was made using five media works produced by communication channels of great reach in the Brazilian scenario, analyzed from the point of view of discourse analysis. Five analytical categories were drawn: textual-imagetic presentation of the works; narrative of women trying to conceive; speeches promoted by the so-called experts; and representation of the donor figure. We conclude that it is necessary to stimulate the debate about homemade insemination performed by lesbian women, so that both health professionals and society in general do not rely only on condemning moral speeches called scientific, such as those propagated by the media in relation to Homemade Insemination. Added to that it is important to ensure visibility of the reports of women who are submitting themselves to homemade insemination, understanding them as protagonists of the production of their sexual and reproductive health and parental projects and that, therefore, they must have their speeches and experiences legitimated.


Este artículo pretende reflexionar sobre el discurso moral mediático producido sobre la Inseminación Domiciliaria y su uso como tecnología reproductiva por parejas lesbianas. Se trata de una modalidad reproductiva autónoma, que consiste en una autoinseminación de bajo coste realizada con el uso de material biológico de donante no anónimo. Para esta reflexión, se utilizaron cinco obras mediáticas producidas por canales de comunicación de gran alcance en Brasil analizadas desde la perspectiva del análisis del discurso. Se trazaron cinco categorías analíticas: presentación textual-imagen de las obras; narración de las mujeres que intentan; discursos promovidos por los llamados especialistas; y representación de la figura del donante. Se concluye por la necesidad de estimular el debate sobre la Inseminación Domiciliaria realizada por mujeres lesbianas, de manera que tanto los profesionales de salud como la sociedad en general no se basen apenas en los discursos morales condenatorios de los científicos, como los propagados por la gran prensa sobre Inseminación Domiciliaria. A esto se suma la importancia de garantizar la visibilidad de los relatos de las mujeres que hacen la Inseminación Domiciliaria, entendiéndolas como protagonistas de la producción de su salud sexual y reproductiva y de sus proyectos parentales y debe tener sus discursos y experiencias legitimados.


Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Reproductive Techniques , Parenting , Sexual and Gender Minorities , Insemination , Mass Media , Brazil , Homosexuality, Female
11.
Rev. iberoam. fertil. reprod. hum ; 39(3)sept-oct-nov-dic 2022.
Article Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-215464

Introducción: El número de mujeres que recurren a la ovodonación para lograr la maternidad biológica es cada vez mayor. Esta técnica puede generar conflictos y problemas emocionales en las mujeres que reciben óvulos donados. Se analiza el contexto social, asistencial y legal de la ovodonación en España, así como el papel de la atención de sus dificultades emocionales específicas en Unidades especializadas en Salud Mental Perinatal.Metodología: revisión bibliográfica de la jurisprudencia española y literatura científica especializada en Salud Mental Perinatal.Desarrollo: España es un país líder mundial en número de ovodonaciones, debido a su flexible legislación en materia de reproducción humana, el anonimato legal de las donantes de óvulos y la compensación económica que se ofrece a las mismas. La mayor parte de estos procedimientos se realizan en la red privada, por lo que muchas mujeres no tienen acceso a las Unidades de Salud Mental Perinatal de los sistemas públicos de salud, a pesar de que, en el caso de la ovodonación, la derivación se debe realizar por protocolo. Las mujeres que se plantean la ovodonación presentan con frecuencia sintomatología ansiosa, depresiva y postraumática que debe ser tratada por profesionales especializados. Además, la consulta de Perinatal ofrece un lugar de trabajo terapéutico sobre las cuatro áreas fundamentales de conflicto que pueden sufrir estas mujeres: la maternidad y el duelo genético, el vínculo madre-bebé, la revelación de su origen a las hijas o hijos, y los conflictos éticos.Conclusiones: El retraso de la edad materna y la efectividad de la ovodonación están aumentando el número de mujeres que recurren a la misma. Su asistencia integral debe incluir la atención a las dificultades emocionales que puedan presentar en Unidades de Salud Mental Perinatal. (AU)


Introduction: The number of women who resort to oocyte donation to achieve biological motherhood is constantly increasing. This technique may cause certain conflicts and emotional problems in the women who receive donated oocytes. In this paper, we analyze not only Spain’s oocyte donation social context, but also the healthcare and legal contexts involved. In addition to this, we study the role had by their specific emotional difficulties cared for in specialized Perinatal Mental Health Units.Methodology: A bibliographic review of Spanish jurisprudence and scientific literature specialized in Perinatal Mental Health.Development: Spain is one of the world’s leaders in the number of oocyte donations, due to its flexible legislation on human reproduction, the legal anonymity of oocyte donors and the financial compensa-tions offered to them. These procedures are mostly performed in the private healthcare network, which means that most of the women do not have access to the public health systems’ Perinatal Mental Health Units. However, it must be stressed that in the case of assisted reproduction by oocyte donation, the referral to a perinatal Mental Health unit is required by medical protocol. Women who consider oocyte donation frequently present anxious, depressive and post-traumatic symptoms that must be treated by specialized professionals. In addition to this, the Perinatal Mental Health Units offer a place for therapeutic work on the four fundamental areas of conflict that these women may suffer: motherhood and genetic mourning, the mother-baby bonding process, the disclosure of their origin to their daughters or sons, as well as the ethical conflicts they face. Conclusions: The delay in maternal age and the effectiveness of oocyte donation are leading to an increase in the number of women who resort to it. Their comprehensive assistance must include the due care of the emotional difficulties they may present in Perinatal Mental Health Units. (AU)


Humans , Mental Health , Reproductive Techniques , Gift Giving , Parenting , Spain
12.
Clín. investig. ginecol. obstet. (Ed. impr.) ; 49(4): 100770-100770, Oct-Dic. 2022. tab
Article En | IBECS | ID: ibc-211838

Introduction: Multiple and specifically monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) pregnancies are related to maternal and foetal complications. The aim of this study is to evaluate obstetric and perinatal outcomes of MCDA after assisted reproductive techniques (ART). Methods: This is a case-control study comparing 23 MCDA twin pregnancies after ART (ART-MCDA) and 75 spontaneous MCDA (sMCDA). Maternal, obstetric, foetal, and perinatal outcomes variables including maternal age, prematurity, TTTS, sIUGR, TAPS, PROM, and neonatal weight were compared. Results: mean maternal age is higher in the ART-MCDA pregnancies, 38.0±.6 (OR=1.32(1.13–1.53)). Neonates weighing between 1500 and 2500g are more frequent in the sMCDA group and those weighing >2500g in the ART group (OR=0.47(0.22–0.97)). Foetuses born at between 32 and 37 weeks are more frequent in sMCDA pregnancies and those born >37 in the TRA group (OR=0.27(0.09–0.80)). These differences are lost when we adjust the results by maternal age. There were no differences in maternal, obstetric, or foetal complications. Conclusions: ART-MCDA are not associated with a higher number of maternal, obstetric or foetal complications if they are adjusted by maternal age. When they are not adjusted by maternal age, there would be better outcomes such as premature and neonatal weight in the ART group.(AU)


Antecedentes: El incremento de las técnicas de reproducción asistida (TRA) ha supuesto un aumento de las gestaciones gemelares en general, pero también de las monocoriales biamnióticas (MCBA), que se asocian a diversas complicaciones maternofetales. Estas complicaciones están bien estudiadas en gestaciones espontáneas, pero no en aquellas conseguidas mediante una TRA. Objetivo: Comparar la incidencia de complicaciones maternas, fetales, obstétricas y perinatales en gestaciones MCBA conseguidas de forma espontánea frente a aquellas conseguidas mediante TRA. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de casos-controles retrospectivo. Se han analizado 98 gestaciones gemelares MCBA controladas en la Unidad de Medicina Materno-Fetal del Servicio de Obstetricia del Hospital La Paz de Madrid entre los años 2015 y 2020. Resultados: La media de edad de las madres de las gestaciones MCBA conseguidas mediante TRA es mayor (OR=1,32 [1,13-1,53]). Los recién nacidos de peso entre 1.500-2.500g son más frecuentes en las gestaciones MCBA conseguidas de forma espontánea y los de >2.500g en las de TRA (OR=0,47 [0,22–0,97]). Los recién nacidos entre las 32-37 semanas son más frecuentes en las gestaciones gemelares MCBA espontáneas y los recién nacidos de >37 semanas en las de TRA (OR=0,27 [0,09-0,80]). Cuando estos resultados se ajustan por la edad materna dejan de ser estadísticamente significativos. Conclusiones: Las TRA no conllevan un aumento de las complicaciones en las gestaciones MCBA cuando se ajustan los resultados por la edad materna. Si no se ajustasen por la edad materna, las gestaciones MCBA conseguidas mediante TRA tendrían mejores resultados, con menos prematuridad y mayor peso del neonato.(AU)


Humans , Female , Reproductive Techniques , Twins
13.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. (En línea) ; 87(1): 62-67, feb. 2022. tab
Article Es | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388710

Resumen El concepto de familia ha cambiado con los años y la constitución de los hogares en Chile ya no es la misma que hace un siglo. Las familias diversas en nuestro país han existido durante toda la vida, pero el conocimiento de cómo se han constituido y la existencia de un catastro en Chile son escasos. El objetivo de esta revisión es mostrar cómo se han constituido las familias diversas en Chile, cómo ha sido el acceso de estas a las técnicas de reproducción asistida, cuál ha sido la política del Estado y las aseguradoras de salud (Fonasa e Isapres) en las coberturas, y qué ha pasado con la legislación a lo largo de los años que ha facilitado la constitución de nuevas familias. Por otra parte, se pretende mostrar cuáles son las barreras al acceso por parte de las familias diversas y la necesidad de una ley de reproducción asistida que permita el acceso a todas las personas independientemente de su estado civil, orientación sexual o identidad de género, y que proteja a todos los nacidos chilenos por igual.


Abstract The image of a typical family has changed in recent years, as the makeup of households in Chile is no longer the same as decades ago. While gender and sexual diverse families in our country have always existed, there is a scarcity of reliable data. We review the evolution of the makeup of these diverse families in Chile and their access to assisted reproduction techniques. We also review national policies and health insurance coverage by both governmental and private carriers (Fonasa and Isapres) and how changes in legislation over the years have facilitated the constitution of these families. We outline barriers to access assisted reproduction techniques and the need for further legislative action to guarantee access to all citizens regardless of their marital status, sexual orientation, or gender identity.


Humans , Family , Reproductive Techniques, Assisted , Gender Diversity , Health Services Accessibility , Public Policy , Single Person , Fertilization in Vitro , Chile
14.
Article Es | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1536498

la utilización de la reproducción asistida va en aumento cada día con resultados más efectivos; la presente indagación toma como punto de partida el análisis de estos procedimientos desde la óptica de la ciencia jurídica, exponiendo el proceso de aprehensión por el derecho de estas cuestiones y las posturas legislativas fundamentales sobre los impactos que el desarrollo biocientífico ha traído para el derecho internacional. Su implementación más frecuente ha generado una polémica en los ámbitos médicos, éticos y consecuentemente en el área de derecho; la regulación y selección de las técnicas que se emplean, el acceso a las mismas y su aplicación, se vinculan con los derechos humanos y son interrogantes relevantes jurídicamente hablando que no pueden soslayarse ante la magnitud del avance científico que representan por sí solos. Se hace necesaria su regulación con una visión menos restrictiva y conservadora que ampare la mayor cantidad de relaciones jurídicas posibles, con modelos familiares y de realización personal, basada en el respeto a los derechos humanos, así como en los principios y valores jurídicos.


the use of assisted reproduction is increasing every day with more effective results; the present investigation takes as a starting point the analysis of these procedures from the point of view of legal science, exposing the process of apprehension by the law of these issues and the fundamental legislative positions on the impacts that bio-scientific development has brought to international law. Its most frequent implementation has generated controversy in the medical and ethical fields and consequently in the area of law; the regulation and selection of the techniques used, the access to them, and their application, are linked to human rights and are legally relevant questions that cannot be avoided in view of the magnitude of the scientific progress they represent by themselves. It is necessary to regulate them with a less restrictive and conservative vision that covers the greatest possible number of legal relationships, with family models and personal fulfillment, based on respect for human rights and legal principles and values.


a utilização da reprodução assistida vem aumentando a cada dia com resultados mais efetivos. Este questionamento toma como ponto de partida a análise desses procedimentos sob a ótica da ciência jurídica, expondo o processo de apreensão pelo direito dessas questões e as posturas legislativas fundamentais sobre os impactos que o desenvolvimento biocientífico vem trazendo para o direito internacional. Sua implementação mais frequente vem causando uma controvérsia nos âmbitos médicos, éticos e, consequentemente, na área de direito; a regulamentação e seleção das técnicas utilizadas, o acesso a elas e sua aplicação estão vinculadas com os direitos humanos e são interrogantes relevantes, juridicamente falando, que não podem eludir ante a magnitude do avanço científico que representam por si só. Faz-se necessária sua regulamentação com uma visão menos restritiva e conservadora que ampare a maior quantidade de relações jurídicas possíveis, com modelos familiares e de realização pessoal, baseada no respeito aos direitos humanos, bem como nos princípios e valores jurídicos.

15.
Ginecol. obstet. Méx ; 90(10): 856-863, ene. 2022. graf
Article Es | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1430410

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: La agenesia cervical congénita es una anomalía poco común del sistema de Müller, que generalmente se reconoce durante la menarquia. Hasta hace poco, el tratamiento de primera elección era la histerectomía, debido a que no se consideraba una enfermedad compatible con la fertilidad. Hoy en día, gracias a las técnicas de reproducción asistida, se han desarrollado procedimientos quirúrgicos menos agresivos que sí preservan la fertilidad de las pacientes. OBJETIVO: Revisar un caso de agenesia cervical a partir de su tratamiento quirúrgico y seguimiento de la reconstrucción cervical con la conexión entre la vagina y el útero, revisar la bibliografía y cómo establecer el pronóstico a largo plazo. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 12 años llevada a consulta ante la ausencia de menstruación. El procedimiento diagnóstico transcurrió sin que se encontraran alteraciones; sin embargo, en la laparoscopia diagnóstica operatoria efectuada a los 14 años, indicada por dolor pélvico cíclico, se advirtieron la ausencia del cuello del útero, un hematometra y endometriosis grado IV. En el segundo tiempo quirúrgico, practicado en conjunto con el cirujano pediatra, se practicó, por laparotomía, la comunicación entre el útero y la vagina. En la actualidad, la paciente tiene 19 años y sus menstruaciones son cíclicas, no dolorosas. En el último ultrasonido se visualizó la conexión entre el útero y la vagina. CONCLUSIONES: Hoy en día, la anastomosis útero vaginal es un procedimiento capaz de mantener la función del útero y permitir el embarazo, con los cuidados adecuados.


Abstract BACKGROUND: Congenital cervical agenesis is a rare anomaly of the Müllerian system, usually recognized during menarche. Until recently, the treatment of first choice was hysterectomy, because it was not considered a disease compatible with fertility. Today, thanks to assisted reproductive techniques, less aggressive surgical procedures have been developed that do preserve the fertility of patients. OBJECTIVE: To review a case of cervical agenesis from its surgical treatment and follow-up cervical reconstruction with the connection between the vagina and the uterus, review the literature and how to establish the long-term prognosis. CLINICAL CASE: A 12 years old female patient was brought for consultation due to absence of menstruation. The diagnostic procedure was carried out without finding any alterations; however, in the operative diagnostic laparoscopy performed at the age of 14, indicated by cyclic pelvic pain, the absence of the cervix, a hematometra and endometriosis grade IV were noticed. In the second surgery, performed in conjunction with the pediatric surgeon, the communication between the uterus and the vagina was performed by laparotomy. At present, the patient is 19 years old and her menses are cyclical, not painful. In the last ultrasound the connection between the uterus and the vagina was visualized. CONCLUSIONS: Today, utero-vaginal anastomosis is a procedure capable of maintaining the function of the uterus and allowing pregnancy, with proper care.

16.
An Pediatr (Engl Ed) ; 95(6): 448-458, 2021 Dec.
Article En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34857501

INTRODUCTION: About 0.2-6.1% of newborns in the developed world have been conceived by assisted reproductive techniques (ART). Higher rate of major and minor malformations have been described in this population, but the multiple possible confounders associated make it difficult to establish a direct causal relationship and the specific factors involved. MATERIAL AND METHODS: To determine the risk of these malformations in our population, a collaborative prospective controlled cohort study was designed. We collected the specific ART-data related to the clinical gestation of women treated in a period of 2 years in the Reproduction Unit from a Spanish public tertiary-level hospital. 231 out of 267 newborns of these gestation (88%) participated in the study and were assessed by a pediatrician with expertise in Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology at 12-20 and 26-40 months of age. At the same time a controlled group of children naturally conceived (NC) was selected according to the following criteria: the next NC newborn belonging to the same group of maternal and gestational age, and type of gestation (single or multiple). 230 controls were chosen and 208 participated in the study (90%). RESULTS: Major malformations were presented in 7.8% of the ART-children and 7.2% of the controls, without founding statistically differences between groups. However, differences were found in the risk of some minor malformations such as capillary malformations and pigmentary lesions, higher in the ART-group. A recurrent pattern of craneofacial anomalies was also unexpectedly detected. CONCLUSIONS: In spite of the high rate of major congenital malformations detected, there were no differences between groups. Thus, our results suggest that ART may affect the normal embryonic development but in a milder way than other confounding factors do. The facial phenotype identified has not previously been described, either the higher risk of capillary malformations and pigmentary lesions. More studies are needed to confirm this association.


Reproductive Techniques, Assisted , Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic , Cohort Studies , Female , Fertilization , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Prospective Studies , Reproductive Techniques, Assisted/adverse effects
17.
An. pediatr. (2003. Ed. impr.) ; 95(6): 448-458, Dic. 2021. tab, graf
Article Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-208368

Introducción: En torno al 0,2-6,1% de los recién nacidos en los países desarrollados han sido concebidos por técnicas de reproducción asistida (TRA). Se han descrito tasas más altas de malformaciones congénitas (MC) mayores y menores en esta población, pero los múltiples posibles factores de confusión asociados hacen difícil establecer una relación de causalidad directa con estos procedimientos y conocer los factores específicos implicados. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo de cohorte controlado con el objetivo de determinar el riesgo de MC en niños-TRA. Se recogieron los datos específicos de la TRA de una cohorte de gestaciones clínicas de mujeres tratadas en la Unidad de Reproducción de un hospital público de tercer nivel durante dos años; 231 de 267 (87%) niños nacidos de dichas gestaciones-TRA participaron en el estudio y fueron valorados por un pediatra con formación en Genética Clínica y Dismorfología a los 12-20 y a los 26-40 meses de edad. De forma simultánea se seleccionó una cohorte de niños concebidos de forma natural (CN), de acuerdo con los criterios: siguiente recién nacido al caso del mismo grupo de edad materna, edad gestacional y tipo de gestación (única o múltiple); 230 niños CN fueron seleccionados y 208 (90%) participaron en el estudio. Resultados: Se detectaron MC mayores en el 7,8% de casos y en el 7,2% de controles, sin existir diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ellos. Sí se identificaron diferencias en algunas malformaciones menores como las malformaciones capilares y lesiones pigmentarias, más frecuentes en el grupo TRA. Además, se identificó de forma inesperada un patrón craneofacial recurrente en el grupo TRA. (AU)


Introduction: About 0.2–6.1% of newborns in the developed world have been conceived by assisted reproductive techniques (ART). Higher rate of major and minor malformations have been described in this population, but the multiple possible confounders associated, make it difficult to establish a direct causal relationship, and the specific factors involved. Material and methods: To determine the risk of these malformations in our population, a collaborative prospective controlled cohort study was designed. We collected the specific ART-data related to the clinical gestation of women treated in a period of 2 years in the Reproduction Unit from a Spanish public tertiary-level hospital. 231 out of 267 newborns of these gestation (88%) were exhausted assessed by a Clinical Geneticist expertise in Dysmorphology at 12–20 and 26–40 months of age. At the same time a controlled group of children naturally conceived (NC) was selected according to the following criteria: the next NC newborn belonging to the same group of maternal and gestational age, and type of gestation (single or multiple). 230 controls were chosen and 208 participated in the study (90%). Results: Major malformations were presented in 7.8% of the ART-children and 7.2% of the controls, without founding statistically differences between groups. However, differences were found in the risk of some minor malformations such as capillary malformations and pigmentary lesions, higher in the ART-group. A recurrent pattern of craneofacial anomalies was also unexpectedly detected. (AU)


Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Reproductive Techniques , Congenital Abnormalities , Fertilization in Vitro , Prospective Studies , Spain
18.
An Pediatr (Engl Ed) ; 2021 Jul 25.
Article Es | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34315688

INTRODUCTION: About 0.2-6.1% of newborns in the developed world have been conceived by assisted reproductive techniques (ART). Higher rate of major and minor malformations have been described in this population, but the multiple possible confounders associated, make it difficult to establish a direct causal relationship, and the specific factors involved. MATERIAL AND METHODS: To determine the risk of these malformations in our population, a collaborative prospective controlled cohort study was designed. We collected the specific ART-data related to the clinical gestation of women treated in a period of 2 years in the Reproduction Unit from a Spanish public tertiary-level hospital. 231 out of 267 newborns of these gestation (88%) were exhausted assessed by a Clinical Geneticist expertise in Dysmorphology at 12-20 and 26-40 months of age. At the same time a controlled group of children naturally conceived (NC) was selected according to the following criteria: the next NC newborn belonging to the same group of maternal and gestational age, and type of gestation (single or multiple). 230 controls were chosen and 208 participated in the study (90%). RESULTS: Major malformations were presented in 7.8% of the ART-children and 7.2% of the controls, without founding statistically differences between groups. However, differences were found in the risk of some minor malformations such as capillary malformations and pigmentary lesions, higher in the ART-group. A recurrent pattern of craneofacial anomalies was also unexpectedly detected. CONCLUSIONS: In spite of the high rate of major congenital malformations detected, there were no differences between groups. Thus, our results suggest that ART may affect the normal embryonic development but in a milder way than other confounding factors do. The facial phenotype identified has not previously, either the higher risk of capillary malformations and pigmentary lesions. More studies are needed to confirm this association.

19.
Investig. desar. ; 29(1): 155-177, ene.-jun. 2021. tab
Article Es | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1346392

RESUMEN La gestación por sustitución contribuye a la transformación de las concepciones sociales de la filiación y los cambios en las estrategias reproductivas de las familias. En la presente contribución se relaciona la teoría de la atención reproductiva transfronteriza con las teorías posmodernas de la vida familiar, con el propósito de explorar qué temáticas, elementos y contenidos utilizan las agencias intermediarias de gestación por sustitución que tienen por destinatarios a las madres y padres de intención españoles. Se utiliza la metodología cualitativa y la técnica de análisis de contenido temático tras el registro de la información online recogida de las agencias. Los resultados evidencian el papel de estas agencias mediadoras en los procesos de gestación por sustitución en España, además de generar conocimiento en el área de las nuevas formas familiares constituidas mediante técnicas de reproducción asistida.


ABSTRACT Substitution pregnancy contributes to the transformation of social conceptions of filiation and changes in the reproductive strategies of families. This contribution relates the theory of cross-border reproductive care with post-modern theories of family life in order to explore which themes, elements and contents are used by intermediary surrogate pregnancy agencies which target Spanish mothers and fathers. The qualitative methodology and the technique of thematic content analysis after registration of the online information collected from the agencies is used. The results show the role of these intermediary agencies in the process of gestation by substitution in Spain, as well as generating knowledge in the area of new family forms constituted by assisted reproduction techniques.


Parents , Reproductive Techniques , Health Strategies , Fertilization , Quality of Health Care , Knowledge , Life , Costs and Cost Analysis
20.
Rev. Méd. Clín. Condes ; 32(2): 221-225, mar.-abr. 2021.
Article Es | LILACS | ID: biblio-1518374

Con el incremento en las tasas de infertilidad en los últimos años a un 15% a nivel mundial, ha habido un aumento en las consultas de medicina reproductiva para tratamientos de alta y baja complejidad. Estos tratamientos requieren un proceso largo y complejo, desde su diagnóstico hasta el fin del tratamiento. El objetivo de esta revisión bibliográfica es conocer la importancia que tiene el rol de matronas/matrones en las unidades de medicina reproductiva, fundamentalmente en el acompañamiento y educación de los pacientes.


With infertility rates increasing in recent years to 15% worldwide, there has been an increase in reproductive medicine consultations for high and low complexity treatments. These treatments require a long and complex process, from its diagnosis to the end of the treatment. The aim of this bibliographic review is to understand the importance of the role of the midwife in reproductive medicine units, fundamentally in the accompaniment and education of patients.


Humans , Reproductive Medicine , Professional Role , Midwifery , Reproductive Techniques, Assisted , Infertility
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