Comparison of immunity against canine distemper, adenovirus and parvovirus after vaccination with two multivalent canine vaccines.

BACKGROUND: Viral diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in puppies. There is a belief among veterinary practitioners and even educational institutions that the vaccines made in Brazil against canine distemper virus (CDV), canine parvovirus (CPV) and canine adenovirus (CAV) are ineffective or only partially effective. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed at comparing the immunity of two multivalent vaccines in adult dogs in the city of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. METHODS: The study was carried out at the Animal Protection Association and a total of 60 adult mongrel dogs were selected and divided into two groups. Group A was immunized with two doses of Elevencell® vaccine and Group B received two doses of imported vaccine from the United States; each group was made up of 14 females and 14 males. RESULTS: In group A, the Elevencell vaccine generated a protective antibody titre against CDV in 26 out of 28 subjects (92.85%), CPV in 24 out of 28 subjects (85.71%) and CAV in 26 out of 28 subjects (92.85%). In group B, the imported US vaccine generated a protective antibody titre against CDV in 22 out of 28 subjects (78.57), CPV in 21 out of 28 subjects (75%) and CAV in 25 out of 28 subjects (89.28%). There was no statistical difference between titres generated between vaccine types for any of the three diseases tested. CONCLUSION: Elevencell vaccine titres were not inferior to the imported US vaccine in conferring protective titres against CDV, CPV and CAH, which confirms the efficacy of this product.

Prevalence and risk factors for the presence of serum antibodies against canine distemper, canine parvovirus, and canine adenovirus in communities in mainland Ecuador.

The purpose of this study was to estimate the apparent prevalence and identify risk factors for antibody levels (AL) against canine distemper virus (CDV), canine parvovirus (CPV), and canine adenovirus (CAV) in three communities in the metropolitan area of Quito, Ecuador that have limited access to regular veterinary care. Whole blood samples were collected from 154 dogs presenting to three veterinary field clinics in mainland Ecuador and tested for AL against CDV, CPV, and CAV by a commercially available point-of-care ELISA. Potential risk factors for the presence of AL were analyzed. A majority of dogs had AL against CDV (66%, 95% CI = 58-73%), CPV (95%, 95% CI = 91-98%) and CAV (60%, 95% CI = 52-67%). Dogs had significantly greater odds of AL against CDV if they were >2 years of age, from an urban community, and had previously received veterinary care. Dogs had significantly greater odds of AL against CAV if they were male, >2 years of age, and had previously received veterinary care. Results provide baseline estimates of AL within each community and allow for the targeting of future veterinary services to communities and dogs most at risk.

Immunohistochemical detection of antigens of distemper, adenovirus and parainfluenza viruses in domestic dogs with pneumonia.

The lungs of 35 dogs that died in Mexico from acute or subacute pneumonia were examined immunohistochemically for canine distemper virus (CDV), canine adenovirus (CAV) and canine parainfluenza virus (CpiV), to determine their frequency and occurrence and possible associations. CDV was identified in 27 (77%) cases, CAV in 20 (57%) and CpiV in 18 (51%). The most frequent dual association was that between CDV and CpiV (five cases; 14%). All three viruses, however, were identified in the same lung in 10 cases. Immunolabelling occurred in alveolar macrophages, monocytes, pneumocytes, epithelial cells and syncytial cells. It was concluded that immunohistochemistry is a useful diagnostic tool in canine respiratory disease to complement histopathological examination.