A Prospective Cohort of Alcohol Use and Alcohol-related Problems Before and After Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery in Adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To describe alcohol use, alcohol-related harm, and alcohol-related problems preoperatively and up to 8 years following metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) in adolescents. BACKGROUND: Risk for alcohol use and alcohol use disorders (AUD) increases post-Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and vertical sleeve gastrectomy in adults. However, data are lacking in adolescents who undergo MBS. METHODS: This study includes 217 adolescents (aged 13-19 y) enrolled in a 5-center prospective cohort study who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or vertical sleeve gastrectomy (2007-2011) and reported alcohol use preoperatively and annually postoperatively for up to 8 years. Time to elevated Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) score, alcohol-related harm, and alcohol-related problems were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier estimates of cumulative incidence. RESULTS: Preoperatively, the median age was 17 years; the median body mass index was 51 kg/m 2 . Alcohol use frequency and average quantity of drinks per drinking day increased postoperatively (2% consumed alcohol 2-4 times/month 6 months versus 24% 8 years postoperatively, P <0.001; 2% consumed≥3 drinks per drinking day 6 months versus 35% 8 years postoperatively, P <0.001). Cumulative incidence of postoperative onset elevated AUDIT-C score, alcohol-related harm, and alcohol-related problems at year 8 were 45% (95% CI:37-53), 43% (95% CI:36-51), and 47% (95% CI:40-55), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Nearly half of those who underwent MBS as adolescents screened positively for AUD, symptoms of alcohol-related harm, or alcohol-related problems 8 years post-MBS, highlighting the risk for alcohol use and AUD after MBS in adolescents. AUD evaluation and treatment should be integrated into routine long-term care for adolescents undergoing MBS.

Binge eating disorder is not predictive of alcohol abuse disorders in long-term follow-up period after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.

INTRODUCTION: Some studies have shown an increase in alcohol use disorders (AUD) after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB), but its relationship with binge eating disorder (BED) has not been fully explored. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of AUD and BED after RYGB and also to evaluate if BED is predictive of late postoperative occurrence of AUD or BED. METHODS: Patients (n = 46) submitted to RYGB, in a tertiary outpatient weight management service at a Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brazil, were tested for BED and AUD using the Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns-Revised (QEWP-R) and AUDIT, respectively. BED was tested before surgery, while both disorders were evaluated with a follow-up period of 12 ± 1.6 years after RYGB. RESULTS: No patients reported AUD before RYBP. After a mean period of 12 years from surgery, ten patients (21.7%) were diagnosed with AUD. Before surgery, BED was present in 24 patients (52.2%) and it was detected in seven out of these 24 patients (29.2%) after RYGB. Thirteen new cases of BED (28.2%) were detected after surgery; total of 20 patients (43.5%) with BED. No association was found between pre- and postsurgery BED (p = 0.148). After RYGB, four out of 24 patients (16.6%) with presurgery BED developed AUD, and no association was found between presurgery BED and postsurgery AUD (p = 0.384). Seven out of ten patients (70%) with AUD after RYGB also developed BED, but no statistical significance was found between these two disorders (p = 0.061). CONCLUSION: The presence of BED before RYGB did not predict AUD and BED after RYGB. Nevertheless, factors involved in a possible association between BED and AUD after surgery remain to be determined. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, cohort study.

Qualidade e duração de sono entre usuários da rede pública de saúde / Calidad y duración del sueño en usuarios del sistema de salud pública / Quality and sleep duration among public health network users

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a qualidade e tempo de sono entre usuários da rede pública de saúde e fatores associados. Métodos Estudo transversal, realizado com 775 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, em um município da região Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Aplicou-se questionário semiestruturado para avaliar as características sociodemográficas, os hábitos de vida, as condições de saúde, o binge drinking e qualidade e duração do sono, avaliadas pelo Índice de Qualidade de Sono de Pittsburgh. Aplicou-se a regressão de Poisson para identificação dos fatores associados à qualidade do sono ruim e à duração de sono (curta e longa). Resultados Na análise múltipla, os fatores associados à qualidade de sono ruim foram sexo feminino (razão de prevalência: 1,10; intervalo e confiança de 95% − IC95% 1,05-1,16; p<0,00), binge drinking (razão de prevalência: 1,08; IC95% 1,03-1,13; p<0,01), uso de substâncias ilícitas (razão de prevalência: 1.06, IC95% 1.00-1.12; p=0.03), angina (razão de prevalência: 1,10;, IC95% 1,03-1,18; p<0,01) e depressão (razão de prevalência: 1,07 IC95% 1,00-1,14; p=0,02). A obesidade associou-se à curta duração do sono (razão de prevalência: 1,10 IC95% 1,02-1,17; p<0,01). Idade > 55 anos associou-se à longa duração do sono (razão de prevalência: 1,39, IC95% 1,00-1,92; p=0,04). Conclusão Ser mulher, ter idade >55 anos, consumir bebida alcoólica, usar substâncias ilícitas, angina, obesidade e depressão foram fatores de risco para alterações na qualidade e duração de sono. Os resultados do presente estudo reforçam a necessidade do desenvolvimento de ações voltadas para a prevenção dos agravos relacionados às alterações no sono na população estudada.

Resumen Objetivo evaluar la calidad y tiempo de sueño en usuarios del sistema de salud pública y factores asociados. Métodos estudio transversal, realizado con 775 individuos de ambos sexos, en un municipio de la región Centro-Oeste de Brasil. Se aplicó un cuestionario semiestructurado para evaluar las características sociodemográficas, los hábitos de vida, las condiciones de salud, el binge drinking y la calidad y duración del sueño, evaluadas mediante el Índice de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh. Se aplicó la regresión de Poisson para identificar los factores asociados a la mala calidad del sueño y a la duración del sueño (corta o larga). Resultados en el análisis múltiple, los factores asociados a una mala calidad del sueño fueron sexo femenino (razón de prevalencia: 1,10; intervalo de confianza de 95% − IC95% 1,05-1,16; p<0,00), binge drinking (razón de prevalencia: 1,08; IC95% 1,03-1,13; p<0,01), uso de sustancias ilícitas (razón de prevalencia: 1.06, IC95% 1.00-1.12; p=0.03), angina (razón de prevalencia: 1,10;, IC95% 1,03-1,18; p<0,01) y depresión (razón de prevalencia: 1,07 IC95% 1,00-1,14; p=0,02). La obesidad se asoció a una corta duración del sueño (razón de prevalencia: 1,10 IC95% 1,02-1,17; p<0,01). La edad > 55 años se asoció a una larga duración del sueño (razón de prevalencia: 1,39, IC95% 1,00-1,92; p=0,04). Conclusión ser mujer, tener >55 años, consumir bebida alcohólica, usar sustancias ilícitas, angina, obesidad y depresión fueron factores de riesgo para alteraciones en la calidad y duración del sueño. Los resultados del presente estudio refuerzan la necesidad de desarrollar acciones orientadas hacia la prevención de los perjuicios relacionados con las alteraciones del sueño en la población estudiada.

Abstract Objective To assess the quality and sleep time between public health network users and associated factors. Methods A cross-sectional study of 775 individuals of both genders in a city in the Center-West region of Brazil. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to assess the sociodemographic characteristics, life habits, health conditions, binge drinking, and quality and sleep duration assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Poisson regression was used to identify the factors associated with poor sleep quality and sleep duration (short and long). Results In the multiple analysis, the factors associated with poor sleep quality were female gender (prevalence ratio: 1.10, 95% Confidence Interval and 95%CI 1.05-1.16, p <0.00), binge drinking (prevalence ratio: 1.08; 95%CI 1.03-1.13; p <0.01), illegal drug use (prevalence ratio: 1.06, 95%CI 1.00-1.12, p=0.03), angina (prevalence ratio: 1.07, 95%CI 1.03-1.18, p <0.01) and depression (prevalence ratio: 1.07 95%CI 1.00-1.14, p=0.02). Obesity was associated with short sleep duration (prevalence ratio: 1.10 95%CI 1.02-1.17, p <0.01). Age> 55 years was associated with long sleep duration (prevalence ratio: 1.39; 95%CI: 1.00-1.92; p=0.04). Conclusion Being a woman, being over 55 years old, consuming alcoholic beverages, using illegal substances, angina, obesity and depression were risk factors for changes in quality and sleep duration. The results of the present study reinforce the need for the development of actions aimed at the prevention of diseases related to sleep disorders in the study population.

[Meanings regarding the development of problematic consumption and alcohol dependence in rural Mapuche communities of the Araucanía region, Chile, 2016-2017]. / Significados en torno al desarrollo del consumo problemático y la dependencia alcohólica en comunidades mapuches rurales de la región de la Araucanía, Chile, 2016-2017.

This research looks in to the conceptions, meanings and practices involved in the development of problematic consumption and alcohol dependence in rural Mapuche communities in southern Chile in the years 2016-2017. It characterizes the meanings surrounding at-risk consumption as well as scenarios and processes that protect health and those that facilitate risk, and identifies sociocultural elements to potentiate preventive actions. The methodology used was qualitative-ethnographic. Nine in-depth interviews were conducted with adults with at-risk consumption, recovered alcohol users, and non-consumers of alcohol, and ethnographic observations were carried out in participatory workshops with the community. The results link processes of transculturation, loss and cultural vitality with socio-relational dynamics that are at the base of the development of problematic alcohol consumption, marking a scenario of high complexity that requires overcoming the traditional dichotomy of risk/protection factors.

Esta investigación indaga las concepciones, significados y prácticas involucradas en el desarrollo del consumo problemático y la dependencia alcohólica en comunidades mapuches rurales del sur de Chile, en los años 2016 y 2017. Se caracterizan significados en torno al consumo de riesgo, escenarios y procesos protectores de la salud y de riesgo, e identifican elementos socioculturales para la proyección de actuaciones preventivas. La metodología empleada fue de tipo cualitativa-etnográfica. Se realizaron nueve entrevistas en profundidad a personas adultas con consumo de riesgo, recuperadas y no consumidoras de alcohol, y observaciones etnográficas en talleres participativos con la comunidad. Los resultados vinculan procesos de transculturación, pérdida y vitalidad cultural a dinámicas sociorelacionales que están en la base del desarrollo del consumo problemático de alcohol, lo que configura un escenario de alta complejidad que requiere, en su abordaje, la superación de la dicotomía factores de riesgo/protección.

Lesiones cancerígenas y precancerosas bucales. Factores de riesgos asociados. Policlínico Bernardo Posse. Año 2017 / Cancerous and pre-cancerous buccal lesions. Associated risk factors. Policlínico Bernardo Posse Years 2017

RESUMEN Introducción: el cáncer bucal constituye uno de los mayores problemas de salud al cual se enfrenta la humanidad, no solo en el ámbito de salud pública sino también en la ciencia en general, que afecta un grupo significativo de personas en todo el mundo. Objetivo: describir el comportamiento de las lesiones precancerígenas y cancerígenas de la cavidad bucal y los factores de riesgos asociados en individuos pertenecientes al Policlínico Bernardo Posse, municipio San Miguel del Padrón, La Habana, 2017. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio analítico retrospectivo en pacientes de más de 15 años de edad entre enero y noviembre del 2017 sobre los factores de riesgo asociados con la aparición de lesiones premalignas y malignas del complejo bucal con un universo de 631 pacientes. Se operacionalizaron las variables en estudio. Resultados: se mostró un predominio del sexo masculino en un 52,9 %, siendo el grupo de edad más frecuente el comprendido entre 35 a 59 años para un 53.2%. Las lesiones precancerígenas de la cavidad bucal fueron más frecuentes en los grupos etáreos mayor de 60 años para un 1,42 %. De los pacientes examinados, el 53.2% consumen bebidas alcohólicas de forma habitual. Conclusiones: en el estudio predominaron las personas del sexo masculino y los mayores de 35 años de edad. Las lesiones precancerígenas de la cavidad bucal fueron más frecuentes en los grupos etáreos de mayor de 60 años. Se constató relación entre los factores de riesgo estudiados y la presencia de lesiones malignas y premalignas.

ABSTRACT Introduction: cancer is one the major health problems in humanity, not only in the field of public health, but also in science in general.It affects a significant group of persons in the world. Objetive: to describe the behavior of the cancerous and pre-cancerous lesions in the buccal cavity and risk factors associated with patients assisted in Bernardo Posse Clinic, located in San Miguel del Padrón municipality, Havana, 2017. Materials and methods: an analytic and retrospective study about risk factors associated with cancerous and pre-cancerous lesions in the buccal cavity in patients aged 15 and over, between January and November, 2017. There is a universe of 631 patients. Some variable were analyzed in the study. Results: the male sex predominated prove a predominance of sex masculine with a 52, 9 %. The 35 and 59 age group was the most affected, with a 53,2%. The age group older than 60 was the most affected with pre-cancerous lesions in the buccal cavity, with a 1, 42 %. From the patients examined throughout the research, the 53, 2% consumed alcohol in a regular way. Conclusions: in the study predominated the persons of male sex and the older than 35 years. The pre-cancerous lesions were more frequent in the age group older than 60 years .If was proved the relation between the risk factors and the cancerous and pre-cancerous lesions.

Diabetes, undernutrition, migration and indigenous communities: tuberculosis in Chiapas, Mexico.

We investigated the distribution of comorbidities among adult tuberculosis (TB) patients in Chiapas, the poorest Mexican state, with a high presence of indigenous population, and a corridor for migrants from Latin America. Secondary analysis on 5508 new adult TB patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2014 revealed that the most prevalent comorbidities were diabetes mellitus (DM; 19.1%) and undernutrition (14.4%). The prevalence of DM in these TB patients was significantly higher among middle aged (41-64 years) compared with older adults (⩾65 years) (38.6% vs. 23.2%; P < 0.0001). The prevalence of undernutrition was lower among those with DM, and higher in communities with high indigenous presence. Immigrants only comprised 2% of all TB cases, but were more likely to have unfavourable TB treatment outcomes (treatment failure, death and default) when compared with those born in Chiapas (29.5% vs. 11.1%; P < 0.05). Unfavourable TB outcomes were also more prevalent among the TB patients with undernutrition, HIV or older age, but not DM (P < 0.05). Our study in Chiapas illustrates the challenges of other regions worldwide where social (e.g. indigenous origin, poverty, migration) and host factors (DM, undernutrition, HIV, older age) are associated with TB. Further understanding of these critical factors will guide local policy makers and health providers to improve TB management.

Understanding Social and Cultural Contexts of Alcohol Misuse in Mexican-Origin Hispanic Men.

Evidence suggests that Hispanic and non-Hispanic White men (NHW) have comparable prevalence rates of alcohol use. However, Hispanic men consistently have higher prevalence rates of alcohol misuse compared with NHW men. Consequently, Hispanic men experience disproportionate levels of adverse health consequences of alcohol misuse when compared with NHW men. The aim of this study was to explore Hispanic male perspectives and opinions regarding alcohol use patterns that may lead to disparate rates of alcohol misuse in Hispanic males. Demographic data were collected with questionnaires. Twenty semistructured one-on-one interviews were completed in English and Spanish with Mexican-origin Hispanic men (age: 44.6 ± 11.3 years). A thematic analysis was conducted using a hybrid deductive-inductive strategy with an a priori codebook supplemented with iterative analysis of transcripts. Results suggest that alcohol misuse patterns in Hispanic males are influenced by an interaction between alcohol-related social norms and learned expressions of masculinity; a lack of knowledge of the alcohol-related health risks that further perpetuate the normalization of alcohol misuse; and expressions of masculinity and adaptive coping that lead to alcohol misuse as an escape from life stressors. Given the rapid expansion of the Hispanic population in the United States, and the disparate consequences of alcohol misuse in this population, it is imperative to consider the complex and often compounded impact of sociocultural norms and the social context on misuse-related behaviors. Viable prevention and treatment strategies should be addressed thought multicomponent, community-level strategies that more comprehensively address the complexities of alcohol misuse in this population.

Significados en torno al desarrollo del consumo problemático y la dependencia alcohólica en comunidades mapuches rurales de la región de la Araucanía, Chile, 2016-2017 / Meanings regarding the development of problematic consumption and alcohol dependence in rural Mapuche communities of the Araucanía region, Chile, 2016-2017

RESUMEN Esta investigación indaga las concepciones, significados y prácticas involucradas en el desarrollo del consumo problemático y la dependencia alcohólica en comunidades mapuches rurales del sur de Chile, en los años 2016 y 2017. Se caracterizan significados en torno al consumo de riesgo, escenarios y procesos protectores de la salud y de riesgo, e identifican elementos socioculturales para la proyección de actuaciones preventivas. La metodología empleada fue de tipo cualitativa-etnográfica. Se realizaron nueve entrevistas en profundidad a personas adultas con consumo de riesgo, recuperadas y no consumidoras de alcohol, y observaciones etnográficas en talleres participativos con la comunidad. Los resultados vinculan procesos de transculturación, pérdida y vitalidad cultural a dinámicas sociorelacionales que están en la base del desarrollo del consumo problemático de alcohol, lo que configura un escenario de alta complejidad que requiere, en su abordaje, la superación de la dicotomía factores de riesgo/protección.

ABSTRACT This research looks in to the conceptions, meanings and practices involved in the development of problematic consumption and alcohol dependence in rural Mapuche communities in southern Chile in the years 2016-2017. It characterizes the meanings surrounding at-risk consumption as well as scenarios and processes that protect health and those that facilitate risk, and identifies sociocultural elements to potentiate preventive actions. The methodology used was qualitative-ethnographic. Nine in-depth interviews were conducted with adults with at-risk consumption, recovered alcohol users, and non-consumers of alcohol, and ethnographic observations were carried out in participatory workshops with the community. The results link processes of transculturation, loss and cultural vitality with socio-relational dynamics that are at the base of the development of problematic alcohol consumption, marking a scenario of high complexity that requires overcoming the traditional dichotomy of risk/protection factors.

Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y consumo de alcohol en personas sin hogar / Health-Related Quality Of Life and Alcohol Consumption among Homeless People

Introducción: Las personas sin hogar aumentaron en Chile. El consumo riesgoso de alcohol es una conducta que podría afectar negativamente su calidad de vida. Objetivos: Comparar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) de personas sin hogar usuarios de un centro diurno de Valparaíso con población chilena de referencia; y comparar la CVRS de personas sin hogar con y sin consumo riesgoso de alcohol. Métodos: Estudio transversal realizado con 53 personas sin hogar usuarios de un centro de acogida diurno en Valparaíso, Chile 2015-2016. Se aplicó un cuestionario que consultó sobre variables sociodemográficas, CVRS (SF-12) y consumo de alcohol (AUDIT). El análisis estadístico se realizó con STATA versión 12. Resultados: De los participantes 54,71 por ciento presentó consumo riesgoso de alcohol. El tamaño del efecto de las diferencias entre las medias de las puntuaciones de las personas sin hogar vs. población de referencia chilena es grande para siete dimensiones de CVRS, siendo mayores en función física (r = 1,89), rol emocional (r = 2,12) y salud mental (r = 1,85) . No hubo diferencias entre la CVRS de las personas sin hogar con consumo riesgoso de alcohol comparado con los que declaran consumo de bajo riesgo. Discusión: Los resultados coinciden con estudios que dan cuenta que la CVRS de la población objetivo es peor que en la población general y que en personas con enfermedades crónicas. Conclusiones: Habitar en la calle afecta todas las dimensiones de la CVRS. Las dimensiones de la CVRS no se encuentran afectadas por el consumo riesgoso de alcohol(AU)

Introduction: The amount of homeless people has increased in Chile. The risky alcohol consumption is a behavior that could negatively affect their quality of life. Objectives: To compare the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of homeless people users of a Valparaíso day center with the Chilean reference population and compare the HRQOL of homeless people with and without risky alcohol consumption. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted on 53 homeless users of a day center shelter in Valparaíso, Chile from 2015 to 2016. A questionnaire was applied for sociodemographic variables, HRQOL (SF-12) and alcohol consumption (AUDIT). The statistical analysis was performed with STATA version 12. Results: 54.71 percent of the participants presented risky alcohol consumption. The effect size of the differences between the means of the scores of the homeless vs. The effect size of the differences between the mean scores of homeless people compared to the Chilean reference population is large for seven HRQoL dimensions, which is greater in physical function (r = 1.89), emotional role ( r = 2.12) and mental health (r = 1.85). HRQoL for homeless people was no different concerning risky alcohol consumption compared to those who declared low risk consumption. Discussion: The results coincide with a study that shows that the HRQOL of the target population is worse than in the general population and that in people with chronic diseases. Conclusions: Living on the streets affects all the dimensions of the HRQOL. Dimensions of HRQOL are not affected by risky alcohol consumption(AU)

Vivências de idosos alcoolistas: contribuições para a enfermagem gerontológica / Lives of alcoholic older adults: contributions to gerontological nursing / Vivencia de ancianos alcohólicos: contribuciones a la enfermera gerontológica

Objetivo: identificar as causas do uso abusivo de bebidas alcoólicas por idosos. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, utilizou-se o método história de vida para relatar vivência de idosos alcoolista. A amostra foi composta de 22 idosos, a coleta de dados foi realizada em 2007 e 2008, em um albergue público de Campo Grande e três grupos de AA de Jacarepaguá, todos em bairros do Rio de Janeiro. O projeto foi aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. As entrevistas foram gravadas em mp3 e na análise de dados, procedeu-se a transcrição das gravações dos depoimentos. Resultados: dos depoimentos emergiram a categoria ­ os bastidores do alcoolismo na velhice e as subcategorias ­ a família como causa primária e a influência social. Conclusão: é necessário implementar política de educação e de saúde para prevenção, tratamento e reabilitação do alcoolismo, também entre idosos, visando à redução de danos e melhor qualidade de vida.

Objective: to identify the causes of abusive use of alcoholic beverages by the elderly. Method: in this qualitative study, the life history method was used to report the experiences of a sample of 22 older adults. Data were collected in 2007 and 2008 at a public hostel in Campo Grande and from three AA groups in Jacarepaguá, all neighborhoods of Rio de Janeiro City. The project was approved by the research ethics committee. The interviews were recorded in mp3 and, for data analysis purposes, the recordings of the testimonies were transcribed. Results: the category that emerged from the testimonies was: behind the scenes of alcoholism in old age; and the subcategories: the family as primary cause and social influence. Conclusion:there is a need to implement education and health policy providing for the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of alcoholism, also among older adults, with a view to harm reduction and better quality of life.

Objetivo: identificar las causas del uso abusivo de bebidas alcohólicas por los ancianos. Método: investigación cualitativa en la que se utilizó el método de la historia de vida para relatar la experiencia de ancianos alcohólicos. La muestra se compuso de 22 ancianos, la recolección de datos tuvo lugar en 2007 y 2008, en un albergue público de Campo Grande y tres grupos de AA de Jacarepaguá, todos ubicados en barrios de Río de Janeiro. El proyecto fue aprobado por el Comité de ética de la investigación. Las entrevistas se registraron en MP3 y, en el análisis de datos, se realizó la transcripción de las grabaciones de las declaraciones. Resultados: de las declaraciones surgieron la categoría ­ las trastiendas del alcoholismo en la vejez - y las subcategorías ­ la familia como causa primaria y la influencia social. Conclusión: es necesario implementar políticas de educación y salud para la prevención, el tratamiento y la rehabilitación del alcohólico, también entre los ancianos, con el objetivo de reducir los daños y mejorar la calidad de vida.

Relationship between alcoholism addiction and periodontitis. an in vivo study using drinking-in-darkness protocol in rats

Periodontal disease (PD) has been considered a probable risk factor for several systemic diseases. among them, PD is presumed to be one of the possible etiologies of chronic illness of the central nervous system. In this context, poor oral health and PD is associated with substance abuse in humans. however, if periodontal lesions can produce addiction is unknown. this paper aims to evaluate the possibility that chronic periodontal injury (CPL) can cause ethanol binge intake in drink-in-darkness (DID) protocol in rats. in CPL group (n=10) experimental damage was done to the periodontal tissue of the second maxillary molar, the control group (n=9) received sham injury. forty-three days after CPL the intake of ethanol was assessed using several concentrations in DID experiment. during the DID experiment, we observed significant differences between the binge-type consumption of ethanol at the lowest concentration of 10 percent (p=0.01). differences in consumption of 20 percent ethanol are observed during a few days (p=0.04), and there are no differences in consumption at 40 percent concentration of ethanol (p=0.2). it is concluded that chronic periodontal lesion leads to alcoholism in wistar rats.

Avaliação de fatores de risco e prevalência da hipertensão arterial sistêmica entre os acadêmicos do primeiro e oitavo períodos da Faculdade de Medicina de Barbacena / Risk factor assessment and prevalence of hypertension among academics of the first and eighth periods of the Medical School of Barbacena

Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência e os fatores de risco para hipertensão arterial em acadêmicos do primeiro e oitavo períodos da Faculdade de Medicina de Barbacena. Metodologia: Foram utilizados questionários e aferição de pressão arterial para obtenção dos resultados. Valores maiores ou iguais a 140 mmHg para a pressão sistólica e/ou 90 mmHg para a pressão diastólica em pelo menos duas aferições realizadas em momentos diferentes foram considerados como risco do desenvolvimento da HA. Nos questionários foram obtidas informações sociodemográficas e acerca dos fatores de risco para a doença estudada. Resultados: A amostra foi constituída de 110 estudantes, dos quais 80 aceitaram participar da pesquisa. As variáveis relacionadas com o risco do desenvolvimento da HA foram: ICQ (índice cintura quadril), PAD (pressão arterial diastólica), tabagismo e etilismo. Conclusão: A prevalência de HA e de seus fatores de risco entre os acadêmicos de Medicina foi baixa, entretanto, observou-se que os que cursavam o oitavo período tiveram maior prevalência de fatores de risco, como tabagismo e etilismo.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of High blood pressure (HBP) and the hypertension risk factors in medical students of the first and eighth semester of Barbacena`s Medical School. Methodology: The blood pressure was measured twice in different times and values over or equal to 140 mm Hg for systolic pressure and / or 90 mmHg to diastolic blood pressure were considered as risk for the development of HBP. Besides, questionnaires for sociodemographic and risk factors were applied. Results: The sample consisted of 110 students, but only 80 agreed to participate. The variables that were directly related to the risk of developing HBP were: waist hip ratio (WHR), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), smoking and alcohol consumption. Conclusion: The present study showed low prevalence of high blood pressure and its risk factors among medical students. However, the risk factors for HBP such as alcoholic and smoke were more prevalent among medical students of the eighth semester.

Early Adverse Experiences and Health: The Transition to College.

OBJECTIVE: This study cross-sectionally and prospectively examined the impact of adversity experienced prior to college on the health and well-being of students adjusting to their first college semester. METHODS: Two-hundred sixteen (216) first-year students completed measures of adverse life experiences, perceived stress, physical symptoms, and health-related behaviors during the first 2 weeks of college entry and again at the end of the first semester. RESULTS: Reported adversity prior to college predicted greater perceived stress and physical symptoms at college entry and an increase in physical symptoms over the semester; perceived stress mediated the prospective changes. Early adversity predicted smoking, alcohol use problems, and risky sexual behavior at college entry, but was unrelated to the change in smoking, alcohol use problems, or risky sexual behavior. Adversity was not related to drug use at college entry but did predict change in drug use over the semester. CONCLUSION: Some risk factors associated with early adversity are present when students matriculate, but adversity also may impact mental and physical health prospectively during the transition to college. Interventions directed at reducing distress may prevent negative developmental consequences.

[Geographic Altitude of Residence and Alcohol Dependence in a Peruvian Population]. / Altitud geográfica de residencia y dependencia alcohólica en pobladores peruanos.

The aim of this study was to determine the association between alcohol dependence and altitude of residence in 11 villages in two high altitude areas of Peru. An analytical cross-sectional study was performed using a survey conducted by physicians in primary health care in 11 villages until 2013, that were divided into low altitude (≤2500m asl (above sea level)), and high altitude (>2500m asl) areas. The CAGE test for alcoholism (cut point, ≥2) was applied to those who responded positively when asked if they consumed alcohol. Statistical associations were obtained with generalised linear models Of the 737 participants, 51% were women and the median age was 36 years [interquartile range, 25-50], 334 (45%) lived at low altitude, and 113 (15%) had alcohol dependence. The highest frequency of alcoholism was positively associated with being a village considered extremely poor (Likelihood Ratio (LP)=2.42; 95%CI, 1.40-4.19), while being female (LP=0.44; 95%CI, 0.23-0.89) and residing at high altitude (LP=0.15; 95%CI, 0.07-0.31) were negatively associated. These were adjusted for nine socio-occupational and pathological variables. According to these data, there is a higher frequency of alcohol dependence in being, male, extremely poor, and residing at low altitude. These results should be taken into account by professionals who work in primary care and those involved in mental health care, because of their implications in society.

[Smoking and alcohol use among Chilean teenagers aged 10 to 14 years]. / Consumo de tabaco y alcohol en adolescentes de 10 a 14 años de la ciudad de San Felipe, Chile: prevalencia y factores asociados.

BACKGROUND: Smoking and alcohol use are risky behaviors that can start early in life. AIM: To determine the lifetime prevalence of tobacco and alcohol use in adolescents aged 10 to 14 years and related factors. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A survey about smoking and alcohol use was answered by 1,392 teenagers aged 10 to 14 years (46% women) from seven schools in a small city near Santiago. Personal, family, and school factors were evaluated through self-report scales. Smoking and alcohol use, as dichotomous dependent variables, were defined as having consumed any of these substances throughout life. Prevalence was calculated as percentages with 95% confidence intervals. Association analyses were conducted using multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS: Six and eleven percent of participants reported having smoked and used alcohol in their life, respectively. Smoking was associated with age, having behavioral problems, mothers’ smoking, perceiving that parents had drug problems, and not living with both parents. Alcohol use was mainly associated with age, having behavioral problems, perceiving that other students consumed drugs, alcohol use by both parents, and perceiving a lack of family support. CONCLUSIONS: Tobacco and alcohol use is highly prevalent in adolescents aged 10-14 years. There were common risk factors for smoking and alcohol use such as age and having behavioral problems, while other factors were more specific such as mothers’ smoking, or parental alcohol use.

Consumo de tabaco y alcohol en adolescentes de 10 a 14 años de la ciudad de San Felipe, Chile: prevalencia y factores asociados / Smoking and alcohol use among Chilean teenagers aged 10 to 14 years

Background: Smoking and alcohol use are risky behaviors that can start early in life. Aim: To determine the lifetime prevalence of tobacco and alcohol use in adolescents aged 10 to 14 years and related factors. Subjects and Methods: A survey about smoking and alcohol use was answered by 1,392 teenagers aged 10 to 14 years (46% women) from seven schools in a small city near Santiago. Personal, family, and school factors were evaluated through self-report scales. Smoking and alcohol use, as dichotomous dependent variables, were defined as having consumed any of these substances throughout life. Prevalence was calculated as percentages with 95% confidence intervals. Association analyses were conducted using multivariable logistic regression models. Results: Six and eleven percent of participants reported having smoked and used alcohol in their life, respectively. Smoking was associated with age, having behavioral problems, mothers’ smoking, perceiving that parents had drug problems, and not living with both parents. Alcohol use was mainly associated with age, having behavioral problems, perceiving that other students consumed drugs, alcohol use by both parents, and perceiving a lack of family support. Conclusions: Tobacco and alcohol use is highly prevalent in adolescents aged 10-14 years. There were common risk factors for smoking and alcohol use such as age and having behavioral problems, while other factors were more specific such as mothers’ smoking, or parental alcohol use.

Factors associated with alcohol abuse and dependence among public transport workers in the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte.

PURPOSE: Alcohol use may be associated with occupational factors. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence and identify factors independently associated with alcohol abuse and dependence among urban public workers. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, a proportional sample of 1607 bus drivers and conductors in three municipalities within the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte was analyzed (total population: 17,740). Face-to-face interviews were conducted using a digital questionnaire that investigated working conditions and health. Affirmative responses to at least two questions in the CAGE questionnaire were considered to represent situations of abuse and dependence. The magnitude of the associations was estimated by means of logistic regression in univariable and multivariable models. RESULTS: The prevalence of alcohol abuse and dependence was 13.5 %. Positive associations with the following were identified: lower schooling level (incomplete high school: OR 1.77; 95 % CI 1.14-2.74; and elementary education: OR 1.57; 95 % CI 1.10-2.26); current smoking (OR 2.12; 95 % CI 1.47-3.07); non-participation in social activities (OR 1.74; 95 % CI 1.21-2.48); medical diagnosis of three of more diseases (OR 1.57; 95 % CI 1.01-2.42); aggression at work (OR 1.39; 95 % CI 1.01-1.93); and work-related distress (OR 1.85; 95 % CI 1.27-2.71). Workers who did not have children presented a lower chance of alcohol abuse and dependence than did those with children (OR 0.67; 95 % CI 0.45-0.99). CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study point that the urban public transport workers, users of public transport and also pedestrians could be on increased risk of accidents. So considering the importance of this service for all society and the risk involved in this activity, prospective studies are needed to clarify the relationships observed.

Mexican immigration to the US and alcohol and drug use opportunities: does it make a difference in alcohol and/or drug use?

BACKGROUND: Mexican immigrants in the US do not have increased risk for alcohol use or alcohol use disorders when compared to Mexicans living in Mexico, but they are at higher risk for drug use and drug use disorders. It has been suggested that both availability and social norms are associated with these findings. We aimed to study whether the opportunity for alcohol and drug use, an indirect measure of substance availability, determines differences in first substance use among people of Mexican origin in both the US and Mexico, accounting for gender and age of immigration. METHODS: Data come from nationally representative surveys in the United States (2001-2003) and Mexico (2001-2002) (combined n=3432). We used discrete time proportional hazards event history models to account for time-varying and time-invariant characteristics. The reference group was Mexicans living in Mexico without migration experience. RESULTS: Female immigrants were at lower risk of having opportunities to use alcohol if they immigrated after the age of 13, but at higher risk if they immigrated prior to this age. Male immigrants showed no differences in opportunity to use alcohol or alcohol use after having the opportunity. Immigration was associated with having drugs opportunities for both sexes, with larger risk among females. Migration was also associated with greater risk of using drugs after having the opportunity, but only significantly for males. CONCLUSIONS: The impacts of immigration on substance use opportunities are more important for drugs than alcohol. Public health messages and educational efforts should heed this distinction.