RESUMEN
This is an overview of the most important toxicogenic species of molds that contaminate human food and animal feed. Effects of fungal secondary metabolites are described. Attention is focused on toxicogenic species of Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium. Species of other genera reported as toxicogenic are also considered.
Asunto(s)
Contaminación de Alimentos , Microbiología de Alimentos , Hongos/aislamiento & purificación , Micotoxinas/aislamiento & purificación , Aflatoxinas/efectos adversos , Aflatoxinas/biosíntesis , Aflatoxinas/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedades de los Animales/inducido químicamente , Alimentación Animal/microbiología , Animales , Aspergillus/clasificación , Aspergillus/aislamiento & purificación , Aspergillus/metabolismo , Carcinógenos/aislamiento & purificación , Carcinógenos/metabolismo , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/etiología , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/veterinaria , Hongos/clasificación , Hongos/metabolismo , Fusarium/clasificación , Fusarium/aislamiento & purificación , Fusarium/metabolismo , Humanos , Estructura Molecular , Micotoxinas/efectos adversos , Micotoxinas/biosíntesis , Micotoxinas/química , Micotoxinas/clasificación , Penicillium/clasificación , Penicillium/aislamiento & purificación , Penicillium/metabolismo , Seguridad , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
The different types of toxic substances that affect farm animals in Argentina are described. These substances include (a) toxic plants, such as Solanum glaucophyllum, Baccharis coridifolia, Festuca arundinacea; (b) mycotoxins, such as zearalenone, tremorgenic mycotoxins, and ergoalkaloid; (c) trace elements, such as fluorine, copper, molybdenum, and arsenic; and (d) others, such as toxic algae and pesticides. The direct and indirect economic loss of farm animals associated with these toxic substances in Argentina is roughly estimated at 50 million dollars a year. A number of recommendations are made to ameliorate the situation.