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1.
Acta Cir Bras ; 32(3): 251-262, 2017 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28403350

RESUMEN

PURPOSE:: To identify the most relevant flaws in standardization in husbandry practices and lack of transparency to report them. This review proposes some measures in order to improve transparency, reproducibility and eventually external validity in experimental surgery experiments with rat model. METHODS:: We performed a search of scientific articles in PUBMED data base. The survey was conducted from august 2016 to January 2017. The keywords used were "reproducibility", "external validity", "rat model", "rat husbandry", "rat housing", and the time frame was up to January 2017. Articles discarded were the ones which the abstract or the key words did not imply that the authors would discuss any relationship of husbandry and housing with the reproducibility and transparency of reporting animal experiment. Reviews and papers that discussed specifically reproducibility and data reporting transparency were laboriously explored, including references for other articles that could fulfil the inclusion criteria. A total of 246 articles were initially found but only 44 were selected. RESULTS:: Lack of transparency is the rule and not the exception when reporting results with rat model. This results in poor reproducibility and low external validity with the consequence of considerable loss of time and financial resources. There are still much to be done to improve compliance and adherence of researchers, editors and reviewers to adopt guidelines to mitigate some of the challenges that can impair reproducibility and external validity. CONCLUSIONS:: Authors and reviewers should avoid pitfalls of absent, insufficient or inaccurate description of relevant information the rat model used. This information should be correctly published or reported on another source easily available for readers. Environmental conditions are well known by laboratory animal personnel and are well controlled in housing facilities, but usually neglected in experimental laboratories when the rat model is a novelty for the researcher.


Asunto(s)
Experimentación Animal/normas , Crianza de Animales Domésticos/normas , Vivienda para Animales/normas , Modelos Animales , Ratas , Proyectos de Investigación/normas , Aclimatación , Adaptación Fisiológica , Factores de Edad , Alimentación Animal , Animales , Ambiente , Intestinos/microbiología , Iluminación , Estándares de Referencia , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Factores Sexuales
2.
Acta cir. bras ; Acta cir. bras;32(3): 251-262, Mar. 2017.
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: biblio-837693

RESUMEN

Abstract Purpose: To identify the most relevant flaws in standardization in husbandry practices and lack of transparency to report them. This review proposes some measures in order to improve transparency, reproducibility and eventually external validity in experimental surgery experiments with rat model. Methods: We performed a search of scientific articles in PUBMED data base. The survey was conducted from august 2016 to January 2017. The keywords used were "reproducibility", "external validity", "rat model", "rat husbandry", "rat housing", and the time frame was up to January 2017. Articles discarded were the ones which the abstract or the key words did not imply that the authors would discuss any relationship of husbandry and housing with the reproducibility and transparency of reporting animal experiment. Reviews and papers that discussed specifically reproducibility and data reporting transparency were laboriously explored, including references for other articles that could fulfil the inclusion criteria. A total of 246 articles were initially found but only 44 were selected. Results: Lack of transparency is the rule and not the exception when reporting results with rat model. This results in poor reproducibility and low external validity with the consequence of considerable loss of time and financial resources. There are still much to be done to improve compliance and adherence of researchers, editors and reviewers to adopt guidelines to mitigate some of the challenges that can impair reproducibility and external validity. Conclusions: Authors and reviewers should avoid pitfalls of absent, insufficient or inaccurate description of relevant information the rat model used. This information should be correctly published or reported on another source easily available for readers. Environmental conditions are well known by laboratory animal personnel and are well controlled in housing facilities, but usually neglected in experimental laboratories when the rat model is a novelty for the researcher.


Asunto(s)
Animales , Ratas , Proyectos de Investigación/normas , Modelos Animales , Experimentación Animal/normas , Vivienda para Animales/normas , Crianza de Animales Domésticos/normas , Estándares de Referencia , Iluminación , Adaptación Fisiológica , Factores Sexuales , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Factores de Edad , Ambiente , Aclimatación , Intestinos/microbiología , Alimentación Animal
3.
Acta bioeth ; 21(1): 103-108, jun. 2015. graf, tab
Artículo en Español | LILACS | ID: lil-749418

RESUMEN

El artículo plantea conocer la situación de Chile respecto de las publicaciones científicas que informan utilizar animales de experimentación, basándose en las directrices ARRIVE (Animal Research: Reporting In Vivo Experiments), para la investigación con animales. Su objetivo es evaluar la metodología de un ensayo clínico a partir de la descripción detallada, con exactitud y con transparencia, de su diseño, ejecución, análisis y resultados. Se seleccionaron seis revistas chilenas que informan utilizar animales de experimentación y pertenecen a las ciencias biomédicas, con publicaciones desde enero de 2010, fecha en que se publicó la normativa ARRIVE, a diciembre de 2012, las que corresponden al 12,2 por ciento (6/49) del total de revistas chilenas indexadas en Thomson Reuters. De estas revistas se seleccionaron 110 artículos de un total de 1.567, que corresponden al 7 por ciento. De los artículos analizados, ninguno cumplió con el total de los parámetros de la normativa ARRIVE para el uso de animales de experimentación. Surgen desafíos para la investigación cientifica que utiliza animales, como también para aquellas revistas que difunden la información obtenida, con la finalidad de elevar la cantidad y calidad de este tipo de publicaciones.


We propose to know the national situation regarding scientific publishing using experimental animals, based on the guidelines ARRIVE (Animal Research: Reporting In Vivo Experiments) for animal research. It aims to evaluate the methodology of a clinical trial, from the detailed description, with accuracy and transparency, its design, execution, analysis and results. They selected six Chilean magazines, that use experimental animals and belong to the biomedical sciences, since January 2010, when it was published ARRIVE regulations, to December 2012. Corresponding to 12.2 percent (6/49) of total Chilean journals indexed in Thomson Reuters. Of these 110 articles were selected, from a total of 1567, corresponding to 7 percent. Of the articles analyzed, none fulfilled with the total ARRIVE regulation parameters for use of experimental animals. Challenges arise for scientific research that uses animals for research, as well as for those journals that disseminate information obtained from these investigations. With the purpose of increasing the quantity and quality of these publications.


O artigo propõe conhecer a situação do Chile a respeito das publicações científicas que informam utilizar animais de experimentação, baseandose nas diretrizes ARRIVE (Animal Research: Reporting In Vivo Experiments), para a investigação com animais. Seu objetivo é avaliar a metodologia de um ensaio clínico a partir da descrição detalhada, com exatidão e transparência de seu projeto, execução, análise e resultados. Foram selecionadas seis revistas chilenas que informam utilizar animais de experimentação e pertencem às ciências biomédicas, com publicações desde janeiro de 2010, data em que se publicou a normativa ARRIVE, a dezembro de 2012, as quais correspondem a 12,2 por cento (6/49) do total de revistas chilenas indexadas pela Thomson Reuters. Destas revistas foram selecionados 110 artigos de um total de 1.567, que correspondem a 7 por cento. Dos artigos analisados, nenhum cumpriu com o total dos parâmetros da normativa ARRIVE para o uso de animais de experimentação. Surgem desafios para a investigação cientifica que utiliza animais, como também para aquelas revistas que difundem a informação obtida, com a finalidade de elevar a quantidade e a qualidade deste tipo de publicações.


Asunto(s)
Animales , Ética en Investigación , Experimentación Animal/normas , Publicaciones Periódicas como Asunto , Chile , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto/ética , Experimentación Animal/ética , Guías como Asunto , Publicaciones Científicas y Técnicas
5.
Acta cir. bras. ; 29(8): 532-537, 08/2014. tab, ilus
Artículo en Inglés | VETINDEX | ID: vti-13045

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To investigate the reproducibility of the experimental model of face allotransplantation in rats in Brazil. METHODS: Eighteen rats were operated, nine-nine donors recipients. Animals underwent transplantation of the left hemiface, with periorbital and scalp. Transplants were made from donor Wistar rats to recipients Lewis rats. Flaps were based on the common carotid artery and the external jugular vein of the donor animal and the anastomosis in the recipient area was performed in common carotid artery (end-to-side) and in external jugular vein (end-to-end). RESULTS: Of the nine recipient animals operated, six survived and three progressed to death in the first days after surgery (survival rate = 67%). The mean time of the procedure was 252 minutes and the mean time of flap ischemia was 95 minutes. The five surviving animals were sacrificed at 14 days, in good general condition and without signs of tissue rejection. CONCLUSIONS: The experimental model of face allotransplantation in rats is reproducible in our midst. Duration of surgery, time of flap ischemia, animal survival rate and complications observed were similar to those described in the literature.(AU)


Asunto(s)
Animales , Ratas , Trasplante Facial/veterinaria , Experimentación Animal/normas , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados
6.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 29(1): 128-135, jan.-mar. 2014.
Artículo en Inglés, Portugués | LILACS | ID: biblio-104

RESUMEN

Introdução: O grande omento vem sendo utilizado como estrutura de reparo desde o século XIX e a partir do século XX tem sido descrito, em meio extraperitoneal, para o tratamento de diversas afecções em várias especialidades cirúrgicas. Apesar de amplamente estudado a partir da década de 1960, não há descrição de estudos comparativos sobre o seu retalho em meio extra peritoneal. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar as características adaptativas do grande omento em meio extra peritoneal para identificar a real aplicabilidade cirúrgica desta estrutura. Métodos: Estudo experimental comparativo, pareado e controlado de 20 amostras teciduais de ratos (Rattus norvegicus) fêmeas obesas, irmãs da linhagem Sprague- Dawley. De cada animal foram analisados e comparados, macroscopicamente e microscopicamente, através das técnicas de Hematoxilina-eosina (HE) amostras de: (1) omento sem manipulação, (2) omento manipulado intraperitoneal, (3) omento manipulado extraperitoneal e (4) tecido adiposo subcutâneo. Resultados: omento extraperitoneal, macroscopicamente, apresentou uma coloração amarelado mais intenso, semelhante à gordura subcutânea adjacente, com alto grau de contração se comparado ao omento intraperitoneal de controle. Pela técnica de HE, foi identificado alto grau de fibrose e tamanho médio dos adipócitos semelhante ao omento de controle e inferior ao do subcutâneo (p<0,001). Conclusão: O omento extraperitoneal não se mostra capaz de promover regeneração tecidual, uma vez que não foi observado metaplasia à histologia do retalho translocado. Entretanto, pode servir para a correção de pequenas deformidades, para o tratamento de áreas isquêmicas, como estrutura carreadora para a reconstrução cirúrgica e como plataforma germinadora para o desenvolvimento de novos órgãos.


Introduction: The greater omentum was initially used in the repair of gastrointestinal defects in the 19th century; during the 20th century, it has been used extraperitoneally in the treatment of various disorders, in several surgical specialties. Despite the fact that the greater omentum was studies in detail in the 1960s, there are no reported comparative studies concerning the use of omental flaps extraperitoneally. The present study analyzed the adaptive features of the greater omentum in the extraperitoneal space, with the aim of identifying its surgical applicability. Methods: A paired, controlled comparative study was conducted using 20 tissue samples from 5 obese female Sprague-Dawley rats (Rattus norvegicus). The following specimens from each animal were analyzed and compared, macroscopically and microscopically, using the hematoxylin-eosin (HE) technique: (1) omentum without manipulation; (2) intraperitoneally manipulated omentum; (3) extraperitoneally manipulated omentum; and (4) subcutaneous adipose tissue. Results: Macroscopically, the extraperitoneal omentum exhibited a more intense yellowish color and a higher degree of contraction than the control (intraperitoneal) omentum. The extraperitoneal omentum was similar in color to the adjacent subcutaneous adipose tissue. HE staining revealed a high degree of fibrosis and an average adipocyte size, similar to that in the control omentum, but lower than that in subcutaneous adipose tissue (p< 0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the extraperitoneal omentum was not able to promote tissue regeneration, as metaplasia of the translocated flap was not observed in the histological analysis. However, this structure may be used to correct small deformities, in the treatment of ischemic areas, as a carrier structure for surgical reconstruction and as a germination platform for the development of new organs.


Asunto(s)
Animales , Ratas , Epiplón , Enfermedades Peritoneales , Peritoneo , Ratas , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Operativos , Trasplante Autólogo , Estudio Comparativo , Ensayo Clínico , Estudio de Evaluación , Modelos Animales , Experimentación Animal , Grasas , Metaplasia , Epiplón/cirugía , Epiplón/patología , Enfermedades Peritoneales/cirugía , Peritoneo/cirugía , Ratas/anatomía & histología , Ratas/fisiología , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Operativos/métodos , Trasplante Autólogo/métodos , Experimentación Animal/normas , Grasas/análisis , Grasas/uso terapéutico , Metaplasia/cirugía , Metaplasia/patología
7.
Salvador; s.n; 2014. 145 p. ilus.
Tesis en Portugués | LILACS | ID: biblio-1000927

RESUMEN

A presente dissertação versa sobre os motivos e os meios capazes de tornar factível a abolição do uso de animais em experimentação. A existência de grupos contrários à exploração dos animais em pesquisa é secular, mas ao considerar aspectos jurídicos e morais vigentes, e relacioná-los aos verdadeiros interesses que movem a prática vê-se a possibilidade de abolir a escravização de animais no Brasil com fulcro na Constituição Federal e na Lei de Crimes Ambientais. O argumento principal se funda no braço da Carta Magna que protege a vida animal e em dispositivo legal ambiental que admite a experimentação apenas quando da não existência de recursos alternativos. Verificar-se-á que determinada lei inconstitucional e seu decreto regulamentador, contrários aos avanços da nova compreensão trazida pela Lei Maior buscam dissolver os dispositivos protetivos e resguardar a referida atividade experimental, a qual impõe inúmeros sofrimentos aos animais. Conceitos como crueldade aos animais, benefício humano, recursos alternativos, bem-estar animal, morte humanitária, promoção à saúde, prevenção de doenças, doenças negligenciadas dentre outros igualmente importantes à percepção dos interesses econômicos que envolvem a prática da experimentação animal serão averiguados, a fim de permitir uma melhor compreensão das regras legais e morais, de modo a alargar o alcance da justiça que assim poderá ser concretizada, protegendo efetivamente animais humanos e não humanos.


This dissertation deals with the reasons and the means capable of making feasible the abolition of animal use in experimentation. The existence of groups against the animals use in research is secular, but when considering prevailing legal and moral aspects and relate them to the real interests that moves the practice to see the possibility of abolish the enslavement of animals in Brazil with the fulcrum Federal Constitution and the Law of Environmental Crimes. The main argument is based on the Magna Carta that protects the animal life, and environmental legal provision which allows the trial only when the absence of alternative resources. Will be examined that unconstitutional law and its regulatory, contrary to advances in new understanding brought by Major Law decree seeking to dissolve the protective devices and safeguard the experimental activity, which imposes countless suffering to animals. Concepts such as cruelty to animals, human benefit, alternative resources, animal welfare, humane death, health promotion, disease prevention, neglected diseases among others equally important to the perception of the economic interests that involves the practice of animal experimentation will be investigated, to enable a better understanding of the legal and moral rules, to extend the reach of justice, so that can take place effectively protecting human and nonhuman animals.


Asunto(s)
Animales , Animales , Experimentación Animal/estadística & datos numéricos , Experimentación Animal/ética , Experimentación Animal/legislación & jurisprudencia , Experimentación Animal/normas
10.
Acta cir. bras. ; 28(4): 307-316, 2013. ilus, graf, tab
Artículo en Inglés | VETINDEX | ID: vti-8972

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To investigate abdominal wound healing using specific biomaterials in incisional hernias. METHODS: Incisional hernias were produced in 40 rabbits, after that they were reoperated with or without the use of meshes: PREMILENE® (PPL), ULTRAPRO® (UP), PROCEED® (PCD) or repairing without mesh (TRANSPALB). After 30 days a macroscopic and microscopic study of the part withdrawn from the abdominal wall was performed. RESULTS: Macroscopic: adhesion Area: PPL> UP and PCD (p = 0.031). Vascularization: PPL> UP and PCD (p = 0.001). PPL groups (p = 0.032) and PCD (p <0.001) showed greater meshes shrinkages when compared to UP. Microscopic: neutrophils: PCD> PPL, UP and TRANSPALB (p = 0.010); eosinophils: PPL> UP, and TRANSPALB PCD (p = 0.010); granulation tissue: PPL and PCD> UP and TRANSPALB (p <0.001); macrophages : PPL, UP and PCD> TRANSPALB (p <0.001); lymphocytes: PPL and PCD> UP (p = 0.009) and TRANSPALB (p <0.001); giant cells: PPL, UP and PCD> TRANSPALB (p <0.001); viscera adhered: PPL and UP> PCD and TRANSPALB (p <0.001). CONCLUSION: All types of meshes caused the formation of adhesions. The UP and PCD groups showed lower area and vascularization of the adhesions. The PPL and PCD groups showed higher meshes shrinkage and there was a predominance of acute inflammatory process in the PCD group.(AU)


Asunto(s)
Animales , Conejos , Cicatrización de Heridas/fisiología , Hernia Abdominal/fisiopatología , Adherencias Tisulares , Conejos/clasificación , Materiales Biocompatibles/análisis , Experimentación Animal/normas
11.
Acta cir. bras. ; 27(9): 659-663, 2012. ilus, tab
Artículo en Inglés | VETINDEX | ID: vti-7079

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: This study describes in Brazil and in the global biomedical community the time course of the development of animal research welfare guidelines. METHODS: The database of the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto (EC/FMRP-USP), Brazil, was surveyed since its inception in 2002 as the regulations became more stringent to provide better protection of animal research welfare at this institution. Medline database was evaluated to identify the number of publications in the period between 1968 and 2008 that used research animals and were in compliance with established ethics guidelines. RESULTS: The EC/FMRP-USP evaluated 979 projects up until 2009. Most of the applications came from Department of Physiology and the most frequently requested species was the rat. In 2004, national research funding agencies started to request prior approval from institutional review ethics committees prior to application review and this requirement became federal law in Brazil in 2008. The analysis of international publications revealed a relative reduction in studies involving research animals (18% in 1968 to 7.5% in 2008). CONCLUSIONS: The present work showed that in the last four decades major changes occurred in the guidelines dictating use of research animals occurred and they are being adopted by developing countries. Moreover, animal welfare concern in the scientific community preceded the introduction of journal guidelines for this purpose. Furthermore, in Brazil it was anticipated that laws were needed to protect animal research welfare from being not upheld.(AU)


OBJETIVO: Caracterizar a evolução da pesquisa com animais no Brasil e na comunidade biomédica mundial. MÉTODOS: O banco de dados do Comitê de Ética da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (CE/FMRP-USP), Brasil, foi analisado desde a sua criação em 2002, bem como a legislação regulatória para pesquisa com animais no país. As publicações do período de 1968 a 2009 do banco de dados Medline foram avaliadas para identificação do uso de animais em pesquisa e da aderência às regulamentações de ética. RESULTADOS: O CE/FMRP-USP avaliou 979 projetos até 2009, sendo a maioria das solicitações do Departamento de Fisiologia e o rato a espécie mais utilizada. Em 2004, as agências nacionais de incentivo a pesquisa começaram a exigir a aprovação prévia de comitês de ética e este requerimento se tornou Lei Federal no Brasil em 2008. A análise de publicações internacionais revelou uma redução no número de estudo envolvendo pesquisa com animais (18% em 1968 to 7,5% em 2008). CONCLUSÃO: O presente estudo mostrou que, nas últimas décadas, importantes mudanças na regulamentação do uso de animais em pesquisa e estão sendo assimiladas nos países em desenvolvimento. A preocupação com bem estar animal pela comunidade científica precedeu a introdução de regras pelas revistas e, no Brasil, antecipou a regulamentação federal.(AU)


Asunto(s)
Animales , Ética en Investigación , Experimentación Animal/ética , Ética Clínica , Experimentación Animal/legislación & jurisprudencia , Experimentación Animal/normas , Análisis de Datos
12.
J. Health Sci. Inst ; 29(1): 37-40, jan.-mar. 2011. ilus
Artículo en Portugués | LILACS | ID: lil-606322

RESUMEN

Objetivo - A experimentação animal é um tema bastante polêmico, especialmente no que tange seus aspectos éticos e científicos. Assim o objetivo deste trabalho foi contribuir para a discussão acerca do tema da utilização prejudicial de animais em experimentos, envolvendo aspectos éticos e metodológicos, bem como oferecer um panorama do uso de animais em experiências. Métodos - Trata-se de um estudo de revisão de literatura. A busca de artigos foi realizada através das bases de dados SciELO, LILACS dentre outros meios, como livros, e sites específicos nesta temática. Resultados - Elaboraram-se as seguintes subcategorias: A Conveniência como base das relações; Teorias abolicionistas; Panoramas acerca da experimentação animal: a vivissecção como erro metodológico e Alternativas e uma nova realidade. Os principais problemas encontrados foram: problemas éticos nos experimentos com animais; utilização de animais como erro metodológico; os lucros advindos de tais experimentos; e a estagnação da ciência na busca de alternativas. Conclusão - O uso de animais em experimentos além de apresentar problemas éticos traz várias implicações a saúde humana, portanto espera-se que haja uma reflexão por parte de toda sociedade, na construção de um novo cenário, mudando, contudo o natural da realidade, marcado pela violência, o desrespeito, e a insensibilidade para com as demais espécies.


Objective - Animal experimentation is a very controversial topic, especially regarding its ethical and scientific aspects. So the objective was to contribute to the discussion about the issue of harmful use of animals in experiments involving ethical and methodological as well as offering an overview of animal use in experiments. Methods - This is a study of literature review. A literature search was performed using the databases SciELO, LILACS, among other means, such as articles, books on the Internet, and other publications of a scientific nature. Results - Worked out the following subcategories. The convenience of foreign base; Theories abolitionists; about Panoramas of animal experimentation: vivisection as methodological error, and Alternatives and a new path. The main problems were: ethical issues in experiments with animals, using animals as methodological error; profits from such experiments, and the stagnation of science in the search for alternatives. Conclusion - The use of animals in experiments and presents ethical issues has many implications for human health, so it is expected that there is a reflection by the whole society, a new scenario can be built, but changing the nature of reality, marked by violence, disrespect, and insensitivity to other species.


Asunto(s)
Animales , Experimentación Animal/ética , Experimentación Animal/normas , Ética
13.
Suma psicol ; 17(1): 85-95, jun. 2010.
Artículo en Español | LILACS | ID: lil-586444

RESUMEN

El día 20 de agosto de 2010 la Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, la facultad de Psicología y el grupo de investigación en ciencias del comportamiento llevaron a cabo el Primer Encuentro Nacional de Comités para el Cuidado y Uso de Animales de Laboratorio. A continuación se presentan los resúmenes de las ponencias de los conferencistas nacionales e internacionales invitados a este encuentro.


Asunto(s)
Animales , Experimentación Animal/legislación & jurisprudencia , Experimentación Animal/normas , Experimentación Animal/ética
14.
Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) ; 56(1): 103-11, 2010.
Artículo en Portugués | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20339795

RESUMEN

This study aimed to present the general principles for experiments performed on laboratory animals as required by international and national ethical committees on animal welfare. Compliance to these principles is a prerequisite for publication in international journals. Details of genetic, sanitary and environmental standards, transportation, acclimation, environmental enrichment, appropriate education and training of all those involved in handling of live animals, information management strategy, biossecurity, diet, anesthesia, analgesia, postoperative care and euthanasia for Mus musculus (mice), Rattus norvegicus (rat), Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit) and Sus scropha domesticus (pig) combined with well planned biomedical research are fundamental to increase the accuracy, reproducibility and precision of the experimental results.


Asunto(s)
Experimentación Animal/ética , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Operativos/ética , Experimentación Animal/normas , Animales , Animales de Laboratorio , Discusiones Bioéticas , Ratones , Conejos , Ratas , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Operativos/normas , Sus scrofa
15.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992, Impr.) ; Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992, Impr.);56(1): 103-111, 2010. tab
Artículo en Portugués | LILACS | ID: lil-541169

RESUMEN

Com o objetivo de contribuir à pesquisa em cirurgia experimental, este artigo apresenta uma análise dos principais parâmetros exigidos a serem observados pelos comitês internacionais e nacionais de ética e bem-estar animal, cujo cumprimento é pré-requisito para publicação em periódicos arbitrados de circulação internacional. A padronização da genética, do estado sanitário e do ambiente das espécies de animais Mus musculus (camundongos), Rattus norvegicus (ratos), Oryctolagus cuniculus (coelhos) e Sus scropha domesticus (suínos), a observação de condições adequadas no transporte, aclimatação, enriquecimento do ambiente, treinamento de técnicos em experimentação animal, gestão de informação, biossegurança, dieta, anestesia, cuidados pós-operatórios, analgesia e eutanásia, aliados a projetos de pesquisa bem planejados são apresentados como etapas fundamentais para a obtenção de resultados com alto grau de acuidade, alto nível de reprodutibilidade e precisão.


This study aimed to present the general principles for experiments performed on laboratory animals as required by international and national ethical committees on animal welfare. Compliance to these principles is a prerequisite for publication in international journals. Details of genetic, sanitary and environmental standards, transportation, acclimation, environmental enrichment, appropriate education and training of all those involved in handling of live animals, information management strategy, biossecurity, diet, anesthesia, analgesia, postoperative care and euthanasia for Mus musculus (mice), Rattus norvegicus (rat), Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit) and Sus scropha domesticus (pig) combined with well planned biomedical research are fundamental to increase the accuracy, reproducibility and precision of the experimental results.


Asunto(s)
Animales , Ratones , Conejos , Ratas , Experimentación Animal , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Operativos , Experimentación Animal/normas , Animales de Laboratorio , Discusiones Bioéticas , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Operativos/normas , Sus scrofa
16.
J Virol Methods ; 158(1-2): 84-92, 2009 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19428574

RESUMEN

In order to evaluate the effects of reducing the number of animals used in the NIH mouse protection test for potency determination of inactivated rabies vaccines for human use, a retrospective study of the results obtained in the Brazilian National Control Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde (INCQS), was performed, comprising 214 vaccine lots. The INCQS Standard Operating Procedure establishes the use of three vaccine dilutions and 18 animals per dilution, separated into two cages with 9 mice each. The results of the two cages of each dilution were considered as two different groups (C1 and C2), and therefore, for each vaccine lot, three results were obtained: one for the standard test (ST) with 18 mice, one using the C1 cages with 9 mice and another using the C2 cages with 9 mice. The results were evaluated as repeated measures of the same method on the same samples. In this study, the effects of the reduction in: (a) the measurement error and its association with the size of measurement, (b) the agreement between the results using the concordance coefficient of correlation, (c) the agreement of categorized results as "Pass" or "Fail" using the Kappa index, (d) the precision of potency determinations using the 95% confidence interval and (e) the incidence of statistically invalid assays due to non-linearity and non-parallelism were evaluated. It was concluded that the results from the NIH mouse protection test using 9 mice per dilution are in good agreement with the results obtained using 18 mice per dilution. Therefore, nine animals per dilution is a suitable number to meet the statistical requirement for valid assays.


Asunto(s)
Experimentación Animal/ética , Experimentación Animal/normas , Control de Calidad , Vacunas Antirrábicas/inmunología , Animales , Brasil , Femenino , Masculino , Ratones , Estudios Retrospectivos
17.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 29(5): 404-408, 2009. ilus, tab
Artículo en Portugués | VETINDEX | ID: vti-540

RESUMEN

Descreve-se a intoxicação natural e experimental por Nerium oleander em bovinos no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Dois de oito bovinos morreram subitamente após consumirem folhas de galhos de N. oleander que haviam sido podados e jogados no piquete onde os animais eram mantidos. Não foram observados sinais clínicos em uma vaca, mas um terneiro de 4 meses de idade apresentou decúbito lateral, movimentos de pedalagem, vocalização e morte. As alterações macroscópicas mais importantes observadas na vaca morta naturalmente e em duas novilhas intoxicadas experimentalmente ocorreram no coração que apresentava petéquias e equimoses no átrio esquerdo, coágulos e hemorragias no endocárdio do ventrículo esquerdo e áreas levemente pálidas no septo interventricular e em porções do miocárdio dos ventrículos. Na histologia, havia necrose de coagulação de fibras cardíacas individuais e de pequenos agrupamentos, caracterizada por aumento de eosinofilia citoplasmática e núcleos picnóticos. Essas lesões eram mais acentuadas no músculo papilar. O diagnóstico foi fundamentado na presença da planta no potreiro onde estavam os animais, quadro clínico-patológico compatível e reprodução experimental em dois bovinos nas doses de 0,5 e 1,0g/kg de folhas frescas da planta.(AU)


This paper describes natural and experimental poisoning of cattle by Nerium oleander in Rio Grande do Sul. Two out of eight cattle died acutely after consumption of leaves of Nerium oleander, branches of which had been cut and placed into a paddock where the animals were kept. An affected cow did not show clinical signs, but a 4-month-old calf presented lateral recumbence, paddling, vocalization and death. Main gross findings in the cow naturally poisoned and in two experimentally intoxicated heifers were observed in the heart and included hemorrhages in the left atrium, clots and hemorrhages in the left ventricular endocardium, and pale areas in the interventricular septum and ventricular myocardium. Histologically, there was coagulation necrosis of individual cardiac fibers or small groups of fibers, characterized by enhanced cytoplasmic eosinophily and picnotic nuclei. These lesions were most severe in the papillary muscle. The diagnosis was based on presence of the trimmed N. oleander in the paddock where the animals stayed, evidence of consumption of the plant, consistent clinical and pathological findings, and experimental reproduction of the disease through oral administration of 0.5 and 1.0g/kg of its green leaves to two cattle.(AU)


Asunto(s)
Animales , Nerium/envenenamiento , Intoxicación por Plantas/complicaciones , Intoxicación por Plantas/etiología , Intoxicación por Plantas/veterinaria , Lesiones Cardíacas/inducido químicamente , Lesiones Cardíacas/mortalidad , Lesiones Cardíacas/veterinaria , Bovinos , Experimentación Animal/normas
18.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; Pesqui. vet. bras;29(5): 404-408, May 2009. ilus, tab
Artículo en Portugués | LILACS | ID: lil-522555

RESUMEN

Descreve-se a intoxicação natural e experimental por Nerium oleander em bovinos no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Dois de oito bovinos morreram subitamente após consumirem folhas de galhos de N. oleander que haviam sido podados e jogados no piquete onde os animais eram mantidos. Não foram observados sinais clínicos em uma vaca, mas um terneiro de 4 meses de idade apresentou decúbito lateral, movimentos de pedalagem, vocalização e morte. As alterações macroscópicas mais importantes observadas na vaca morta naturalmente e em duas novilhas intoxicadas experimentalmente ocorreram no coração que apresentava petéquias e equimoses no átrio esquerdo, coágulos e hemorragias no endocárdio do ventrículo esquerdo e áreas levemente pálidas no septo interventricular e em porções do miocárdio dos ventrículos. Na histologia, havia necrose de coagulação de fibras cardíacas individuais e de pequenos agrupamentos, caracterizada por aumento de eosinofilia citoplasmática e núcleos picnóticos. Essas lesões eram mais acentuadas no músculo papilar. O diagnóstico foi fundamentado na presença da planta no potreiro onde estavam os animais, quadro clínico-patológico compatível e reprodução experimental em dois bovinos nas doses de 0,5 e 1,0g/kg de folhas frescas da planta.


This paper describes natural and experimental poisoning of cattle by Nerium oleander in Rio Grande do Sul. Two out of eight cattle died acutely after consumption of leaves of Nerium oleander, branches of which had been cut and placed into a paddock where the animals were kept. An affected cow did not show clinical signs, but a 4-month-old calf presented lateral recumbence, paddling, vocalization and death. Main gross findings in the cow naturally poisoned and in two experimentally intoxicated heifers were observed in the heart and included hemorrhages in the left atrium, clots and hemorrhages in the left ventricular endocardium, and pale areas in the interventricular septum and ventricular myocardium. Histologically, there was coagulation necrosis of individual cardiac fibers or small groups of fibers, characterized by enhanced cytoplasmic eosinophily and picnotic nuclei. These lesions were most severe in the papillary muscle. The diagnosis was based on presence of the trimmed N. oleander in the paddock where the animals stayed, evidence of consumption of the plant, consistent clinical and pathological findings, and experimental reproduction of the disease through oral administration of 0.5 and 1.0g/kg of its green leaves to two cattle.


Asunto(s)
Animales , Bovinos , Intoxicación por Plantas/complicaciones , Intoxicación por Plantas/etiología , Intoxicación por Plantas/veterinaria , /envenenamiento , Lesiones Cardíacas/inducido químicamente , Lesiones Cardíacas/mortalidad , Lesiones Cardíacas/veterinaria , Experimentación Animal/normas
19.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 59(5): 1236-1244, out. 2007. graf
Artículo en Inglés | VETINDEX | ID: vti-7111

RESUMEN

This work studied the effects of experimental amitraz intoxication in cats. Sixteen cats were randomly divided equally into two groups: amitraz group - animals received 1.5 percent amitraz at 1mg/kg IV; and the control group - animals without amitraz. Physiological parameters from blood, cardiorespiratory system, and sedation indicators were quantified over time up to 360 minutes. Blood profile, urea, creatinine, alananine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were not affected by amitraz. Sedation, loss of reflexes, hypothermia, bradycardia, bradyarrhythmia, hypotension, bradypnea, mydriasis, besides transitory hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia and decrease of cortisol levels were observed in cats experimentally exposed to amitraz. The alpha2-adrenergic effects induced by amitraz intoxication in cats are very similar to the same effects reported in others species, contributing with more information about this type of intoxication to veterinary toxicology(AU)


Este trabalho estudou os efeitos da intoxicação experimental por amitraz em 16 gatos, distribuídos, aleatoriamente, em dois grupos: grupo amitraz - animais receberam amitraz a 1,5 por cento na dose de 1,0 mg/kg IV; e grupo controle - animais sem amitraz. Parâmetros fisiológicos sangüíneos, do sistema cardiorespiratório e de sedação foram aferidos até 360min. Perfil sangüíneo, uréia, creatinina, alanina aminotransferase e aspartato aminotransferase não foram afetados pelo amitraz. Sedação, perda de reflexos, hipotermia, bradicardia, bradiarritmias, hipotensão, bradipnéia, midríase, além de transitória hiperglicemia, hipoinsulinemia e diminuição dos níveis de cortisol, foram observados nos gatos experimentalmente expostos ao amitraz. Os efeitos alfa 2-adrenérgicos induzidos pela intoxicação por amitraz em gatos são muito similares aos mesmos efeitos relatados em outras espécies, contribuindo com mais informações dessa intoxicação para a toxicologia veterinária(AU)


Asunto(s)
Animales , Adulto , Experimentación Animal/normas , Insecticidas/efectos adversos , Insecticidas/toxicidad , Adrenérgicos/análisis , Adrenérgicos/farmacología , Adrenérgicos/envenenamiento , Gatos/sangre , Gatos/fisiología
20.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online);59(5): 1236-1244, out. 2007. graf
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: lil-471207

RESUMEN

This work studied the effects of experimental amitraz intoxication in cats. Sixteen cats were randomly divided equally into two groups: amitraz group - animals received 1.5 percent amitraz at 1mg/kg IV; and the control group - animals without amitraz. Physiological parameters from blood, cardiorespiratory system, and sedation indicators were quantified over time up to 360 minutes. Blood profile, urea, creatinine, alananine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were not affected by amitraz. Sedation, loss of reflexes, hypothermia, bradycardia, bradyarrhythmia, hypotension, bradypnea, mydriasis, besides transitory hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia and decrease of cortisol levels were observed in cats experimentally exposed to amitraz. The alpha2-adrenergic effects induced by amitraz intoxication in cats are very similar to the same effects reported in others species, contributing with more information about this type of intoxication to veterinary toxicology


Este trabalho estudou os efeitos da intoxicação experimental por amitraz em 16 gatos, distribuídos, aleatoriamente, em dois grupos: grupo amitraz - animais receberam amitraz a 1,5 por cento na dose de 1,0 mg/kg IV; e grupo controle - animais sem amitraz. Parâmetros fisiológicos sangüíneos, do sistema cardiorespiratório e de sedação foram aferidos até 360min. Perfil sangüíneo, uréia, creatinina, alanina aminotransferase e aspartato aminotransferase não foram afetados pelo amitraz. Sedação, perda de reflexos, hipotermia, bradicardia, bradiarritmias, hipotensão, bradipnéia, midríase, além de transitória hiperglicemia, hipoinsulinemia e diminuição dos níveis de cortisol, foram observados nos gatos experimentalmente expostos ao amitraz. Os efeitos alfa 2-adrenérgicos induzidos pela intoxicação por amitraz em gatos são muito similares aos mesmos efeitos relatados em outras espécies, contribuindo com mais informações dessa intoxicação para a toxicologia veterinária


Asunto(s)
Animales , Adulto , Adrenérgicos/análisis , Adrenérgicos/envenenamiento , Adrenérgicos/farmacología , Experimentación Animal/normas , Gatos/fisiología , Gatos/sangre , Insecticidas/efectos adversos , Insecticidas/toxicidad
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