Poliartrite em cão por Leishmaniose - tratamento com miltefosina / Polyarthritis in a dog due to leishmaniasis - treatment with miltefosine

Background: Canine visceral leishmaniasis causes several clinical signs, such as lymphadenomegaly, exfoliative dermatitis, ulcerative skin lesions, and lameness. The most commonly reported locomotor changes are claudication, edema, arthralgia, joint stiffness, and muscle atrophy. Radiographic exam revealed cortical and medullary destruction, increase, or decrease in medullary opacity, proliferative periosteal reaction, osteolysis, collapse of joint spaces and soft tissue edema are observed. The aim of this report is to describe the clinical and radiographic evolution of a case of erosive polyarthritis associated with leishmaniasis in a dog before, during and after treatment with miltefosine. Case: A 7-month-old mixed-breed dog was attended due pain and limited mobility. In the orthopedic evaluation, joint swelling, stiffness, and increased pain sensitivity of the four limbs, as well as neck stiffness, were noted. Radiographic examination showed joint changes compatible with edema, with increased volume and radiopacity of the soft tissues adjacent to the joints. The segments of the patient's spine showed more severe bone alterations, the cervical spine being one of the most affected regions, with multiple bone proliferations throughout the vertebral body, especially in the ventral portion (spondylosis), compatible with polyarthritis due to leishmaniasis. Due to the suspicion, lymph node and spleen cytology was performed, confirming the diagnosis. Hematological examination revealed anemia, leukopenia due to lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia in addition to increased AST (79,4 U/L; reference: 6,2 - 13 U/L), creatine kinase (517,6 U/L; reference: 1,5 - 28,4 U/L), lactate dehydrogenase (688,4 IU/L; reference: 45 - 233 IU/L) and hyperproteinemia (7,34 g/dL; reference: 5,4 - 7,1 g/dL). Treatment with miltefosine, allopurinol, domperidone, prednisone, gabapentin and dipyrone was started. Reassessments were performed monthly for 3 consecutive months. Hematological examinations showed improvement, with resolution of anemia and thrombocytopenia, and a marked decrease in creatine kinase values. Thus, it is evident that the dog did not develop liver or kidney changes during treatment. During the treatment and monitoring in this period, the dog had a clinical improvement, which started to walk without pain. In addition, joint swellings were no longer present, however, there was no improvement in the radiographic evaluation of the joints. Discussion: Clinical signs of the locomotor system are compatible with those described in animals that had osteoarticular manifestations associated with leishmaniasis, such as arthralgia, edema, and joint stiffness. In the present report, treatment with miltefosine associated with allopurinol resulted in an improvement in the clinical picture, and this therapy is therefore promising in dogs with polyarthritis due to leishmaniasis. A case published in human medicine demonstrated the intra-articular absorption capacity of this drug. There is only one study to date that describes the radiographic evolution of a dog with arthritis due to leishmaniasis after treatment with miltefosine and allopurinol. In this case described, the dog reported remained with the osteoarticular lesions after treatment, although clinical improvement was observed, as in our report. The use of miltefosine and allopurinol are in accordance with stage II staging for leishmaniasis. In this study, although there was no improvement in the radiographic examinations, the treatment was effective in the remission of the animal's clinical condition.

Mycoplasma bovis-pneumonia and polyarthritis in feedlot calves in Argentina: First local isolation.

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the most frequent clinical concerns in weaned calves after their arrival at the feedlot. This work reports the first local isolation of Mycoplasma bovis from feedlot calves with pneumonia and polyarthritis in Argentina. Twenty four out of 545 calves showed progressive, subacute to chronic respiratory distress, coughing, and fever. Thirty percent of the affected calves also showed lameness and swelling of elbow or carpal, and knee or tarsal joints. Five necropsies were performed and severe multifocal to coalescent pulmonary nodules, containing white-yellowish caseous exudate encircled by fibrous tissue, and fibrinonecrotic arthritis and tenosynovitis were detected. Mycoplasma was isolated from lung and joint samples. The 16S-23S rRNA ITS consensus sequence obtained from these isolates showed 100% similarity with the same region of M. bovis strains. Since there are no commercially available vaccines in the region for the prevention and control of M. bovis pneumonia and arthritis, surveillance is a priority to reduce the source of disease to naïve animals.

Emerging new avian reovirus variants from cases of enteric disorders and arthritis/tenosynovitis in Brazilian poultry flocks.

1. The objective of this study was to characterise circulating Brazilian avian reovirus (ARV) strains by genetic analysis of the σC protein encoded by segment 1 of the viral genome and compare these with those of viral strains used for immunising commercial poultry.2. The analysis detected the presence of ARV genomes by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-qPCR) in the enteric samples and the joint tissues (JT) of birds with signs of viral arthritis/tenosynovitis. Nucleotide sequencing used 16 strains (three commercial vaccines, 10 from enteric tissues and three from JT). The results indicated high variability in the amino acid sequences of 13 wild strains, showing between 40% and 75% similarity compared with the vaccine strains (S1133 and 2177).3. The sequences were grouped into three well-defined clusters in a phylogenetic tree, two of these clusters together with previous Brazilian σC ARV sequences, and one cluster (VII) that was novel for Brazilian strains. Antigenic analysis showed that there were amino acids within putative epitopes located on the surface of the receptor-binding region of the σC protein with a high degree of variability.4. The study confirmed the presence of ARV genetic variants circulating in commercial birds in Brazil, and according to the antigenic prediction, the possibility of antigenic variants appears to be high.

Efficacy of measures to control caprine arthritis-encephalitis in dairy herd with high clinical and serological prevalence / Eficácia das medidas de controle da artrite-encefalite caprina em rebanho leiteiro com alta prevalência clínica e sorológica

This study examined the effectiveness of control measures for caprine arthritis-encephalitis in a herd with 431 dairy goats in an intensive rearing system. All animals older than six months were initially tested by agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and separated into seropositive and seronegative. Control measures were implemented for two years and ten months. Five serological examinations were subsequently performed—two by AGID and three by the Western Blot (WB) technique. In these tests, animals that tested negative in the previous serological examination were evaluated along with those older than six months which had not yet been examined. The effectiveness of control was evaluated based on the incidence of the disease. Seroconverted animals were stratified according to age, physiological status and dam serology. For the effect of time, logistic regression was performed at the 5% significance level, with values converted into likelihood. General incidence and incidence as a function of age and physiological status were evaluated by analysis of variance, with means compared by Tukeys test at 5% significance. The ratio test was used for incidence and physiological status, and the agreement between the AGID and WB tests was determined by the Kappa coefficient. Animals that seroconverted and were born to positive dams were compared with those born to dams negative at birth by the Chi-square test, and the same was applied for the number of discarded animals. Initially, 54.24% (179/330) positive and 257 seroconverted animals were identified after the start of control. Higher incidence occurred in the animal saged between 13 and 36 months and in lactating does. Seroconversions among offspring of seropositive dams were higher than in the offspring of seronegative dams (p < 0.001). High infection rates were identified in the sires. The obtained [...].(AU)

Avaliou-se a eficácia das medidas de controle para a artrite-encefalite caprina em rebanho com 431 caprinos leiteiros em regime intensivo de criação. Todos os animais com idade superior a seis meses foram inicialmente testados por imunodifusão em gel de ágar (IDGA) e soropositivos e soronegativos separados. Durante dois anos e dez meses medidas de controle foram instituídas. Cinco testes sorológicos foram posteriormente realizados, dois por IDGA e três por Western Blot (WB). Nesses testes eram avaliados os animais negativos na sorologia anterior e acrescidos os com mais de seis meses, ainda não avaliados. A eficácia do controle foi avaliada pela incidência da enfermidade. Animais que soroconverteram foram estratificados quanto a idade, estado fisiológico e sorologia das progenitoras. Para o efeito do tempo foi realizado a regressão logística a 5% de significância, convertidos em razão de probabilidades. A incidência geral e incidência em função da idade e estado fisiológico foram avaliadas pela análise variância, comparando as médias pelo teste Tukey a 5 % de significância. O teste de proporções foi utilizado para incidência e estado fisiológico, e a concordância entre os testes IDGA e Wb realizada através do coeficiente Kappa. Os animais que soroconverteram e eram nascidos de progenitoras positivas foram comparados com aqueles de progenitoras negativas ao parto pelo teste de Qui-quadrado, assim como o número de animais descartados. Inicialmente identificou-se 54,24%(179/330) de animais positivos e 257 soroconverteram após início do controle. Incidências maiores ocorreram nos animais entre 13 e 36 meses e nas lactantes. Soroconversões em crias de progenitoras soropositivas foram maiores que nas de progenitoras soronegativas (p < 0,001). Altas taxas de infecção foram identificadas nos reprodutores. Os resultados obtidos não foram satisfatórios, pois as medidas não contribuíram para evitar novos casos, demonstrando que existem momentos de infecção que [...].(AU)

Efficacy of measures to control caprine arthritis-encephalitis in dairy herd with high clinical and serological prevalence / Eficácia das medidas de controle da artrite-encefalite caprina em rebanho leiteiro com alta prevalência clínica e sorológica

This study examined the effectiveness of control measures for caprine arthritis-encephalitis in a herd with 431 dairy goats in an intensive rearing system. All animals older than six months were initially tested by agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and separated into seropositive and seronegative. Control measures were implemented for two years and ten months. Five serological examinations were subsequently performed—two by AGID and three by the Western Blot (WB) technique. In these tests, animals that tested negative in the previous serological examination were evaluated along with those older than six months which had not yet been examined. The effectiveness of control was evaluated based on the incidence of the disease. Seroconverted animals were stratified according to age, physiological status and dam serology. For the effect of time, logistic regression was performed at the 5% significance level, with values converted into likelihood. General incidence and incidence as a function of age and physiological status were evaluated by analysis of variance, with means compared by Tukey’s test at 5% significance. The ratio test was used for incidence and physiological status, and the agreement between the AGID and WB tests was determined by the Kappa coefficient. Animals that seroconverted and were born to positive dams were compared with those born to dams negative at birth by the Chi-square test, and the same was applied for the number of discarded animals. Initially, 54.24% (179/330) positive and 257 seroconverted animals were identified after the start of control. Higher incidence occurred in the animal saged between 13 and 36 months and in lactating does. Seroconversions among offspring of seropositive dams were higher than in the offspring of seronegative dams (p < 0.001). High infection rates were identified in the sires. The obtained [...].

Avaliou-se a eficácia das medidas de controle para a artrite-encefalite caprina em rebanho com 431 caprinos leiteiros em regime intensivo de criação. Todos os animais com idade superior a seis meses foram inicialmente testados por imunodifusão em gel de ágar (IDGA) e soropositivos e soronegativos separados. Durante dois anos e dez meses medidas de controle foram instituídas. Cinco testes sorológicos foram posteriormente realizados, dois por IDGA e três por Western Blot (WB). Nesses testes eram avaliados os animais negativos na sorologia anterior e acrescidos os com mais de seis meses, ainda não avaliados. A eficácia do controle foi avaliada pela incidência da enfermidade. Animais que soroconverteram foram estratificados quanto a idade, estado fisiológico e sorologia das progenitoras. Para o efeito do tempo foi realizado a regressão logística a 5% de significância, convertidos em razão de probabilidades. A incidência geral e incidência em função da idade e estado fisiológico foram avaliadas pela análise variância, comparando as médias pelo teste Tukey a 5 % de significância. O teste de proporções foi utilizado para incidência e estado fisiológico, e a concordância entre os testes IDGA e Wb realizada através do coeficiente Kappa. Os animais que soroconverteram e eram nascidos de progenitoras positivas foram comparados com aqueles de progenitoras negativas ao parto pelo teste de Qui-quadrado, assim como o número de animais descartados. Inicialmente identificou-se 54,24%(179/330) de animais positivos e 257 soroconverteram após início do controle. Incidências maiores ocorreram nos animais entre 13 e 36 meses e nas lactantes. Soroconversões em crias de progenitoras soropositivas foram maiores que nas de progenitoras soronegativas (p < 0,001). Altas taxas de infecção foram identificadas nos reprodutores. Os resultados obtidos não foram satisfatórios, pois as medidas não contribuíram para evitar novos casos, demonstrando que existem momentos de infecção que [...].

Molecular detection of Mycoplasma synoviae and avian reovirus infection in arthritis and tenosynovitis lesions of broiler and breeder chickens in Santa Catarina State, Brazil.

Infectious arthritis or tenosynovitis in broiler and breeder chickens results in major loss of productivity because of reduced growth and downgrading at processing plants. The most common causative agents of avian infectious arthritis are the bacterium Mycoplasma synoviae and avian reoviruses (ARVs) (family Reoviridae, genus Orthoreovirus). In this study, we evaluated the occurrence of these two pathogens in arthritis or tenosynovitis lesions of broilers and breeder flocks in southern Brazil using molecular detection. Tissue sections from tibiotarsal joints with visible lesions from 719 broilers and 505 breeders were analysed using pathogen-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. In breeders, 41.2% (n = 296) of lesions were positive for M. synoviae, 26.4% (n = 190) were positive for ARV, while co-infection was present in 12.2% (n = 88) of the samples. In broilers, 20.8% (n = 105) of lesions were positive for M. synoviae, 11.9% (n = 60) for ARV and 7.7% (n = 39) of these cases were positive for both pathogens. Post-mortem examination revealed lesions with varying degrees of gross pathological severity. Histopathological examination showed intense, diffuse lymphohistiocytic inflammatory infiltrates with heterophil accumulation, primarily in the synovial capsule and digital flexor tendon, in all samples. Improved strategies for early detection and control of these major avian pathogens are highly desirable for preventing the spread of infection and reducing economic losses in the poultry industry.

Chromobacteriosis (Chromobacterium violaceum) in a calf from Brazil - case report / Cromobacteriose (Chromobacterium violaceum) em um bezerro do Brasil - relato de caso

Chromobacterium violaceum is a rare opportunistic pathogen that causes highly fatal infections in domestic animals and humans. This report describes a fatal case suggestive of septicemia in a four-day-old female calf with chromobacteriosis. The calf had suppurative omphalophlebitis, suppurative fibrinous polyarthritis, anterior uveitis with bilateral fibrin deposition, fibrinous peritonitis, lymph node abscess and multifocal lymphocytic and neutrophilic encephalitis with multifocal hemorrhages. C. violaceum was isolated from the spleen and peri-renal lymph node and its identity was confirmed by PCR and sequencing. The pathogen was sensitive to azithromycin, gentamicin, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, marbofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, sulphazotrim, fluorfenicol, tetracycline and doxycycline as well as resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, vancomycin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, cephalothin, cephalexin, oxacillin, B polymyxin, neomycin and bacitracin. This is the first report of chromobacteriosis in a calf from Brazil.(AU)

Chromobacterium violaceum é um patógeno oportunista raro, que causa infecção fatal em animais domésticos e em humanos. Este relato descreve um caso fatal suspeito de septicemia em um bezerro de quatro dias, fêmea, infectado por C. violaceum. O bezerro apresentava onfaloflebite supurativa, poliartrite supurativa fibrinosa, uveíte anterior com deposição bilateral de fibrina, peritonite fibrinosa, abscesso de linfonodos e encefalite multifocal linfocítica e neutrofílica com áreas hemorrágicas multifocais. C. violaceum foi isolado no baço e no linfonodo, e sua identidade foi confirmada por PCR e sequenciamento. O patógeno foi sensível aos antibióticos azitromicina, gentamicina, enrofloxacina, norfloxacina, marbofloxacina, ciprofloxacina, eritromicina, sulfazotrim, florfenicol, tetraciclina, doxiciclina e foi resistente à penicilina, ampicilina, vancomicina, amoxicilina, amoxicilina + ácido clavulânico, cefalotina, cefalexina, oxacilina, polimixina B, neomicina e bacitracina. Este é o primeiro relato de cromobacteriose em bezerro no Brasil.(AU)

Chromobacteriosis (Chromobacterium violaceum) in a calf from Brazil - case report / Cromobacteriose (Chromobacterium violaceum) em um bezerro do Brasil - relato de caso

Chromobacterium violaceum is a rare opportunistic pathogen that causes highly fatal infections in domestic animals and humans. This report describes a fatal case suggestive of septicemia in a four-day-old female calf with chromobacteriosis. The calf had suppurative omphalophlebitis, suppurative fibrinous polyarthritis, anterior uveitis with bilateral fibrin deposition, fibrinous peritonitis, lymph node abscess and multifocal lymphocytic and neutrophilic encephalitis with multifocal hemorrhages. C. violaceum was isolated from the spleen and peri-renal lymph node and its identity was confirmed by PCR and sequencing. The pathogen was sensitive to azithromycin, gentamicin, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, marbofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, sulphazotrim, fluorfenicol, tetracycline and doxycycline as well as resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, vancomycin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, cephalothin, cephalexin, oxacillin, B polymyxin, neomycin and bacitracin. This is the first report of chromobacteriosis in a calf from Brazil.(AU)

Chromobacterium violaceum é um patógeno oportunista raro, que causa infecção fatal em animais domésticos e em humanos. Este relato descreve um caso fatal suspeito de septicemia em um bezerro de quatro dias, fêmea, infectado por C. violaceum. O bezerro apresentava onfaloflebite supurativa, poliartrite supurativa fibrinosa, uveíte anterior com deposição bilateral de fibrina, peritonite fibrinosa, abscesso de linfonodos e encefalite multifocal linfocítica e neutrofílica com áreas hemorrágicas multifocais. C. violaceum foi isolado no baço e no linfonodo, e sua identidade foi confirmada por PCR e sequenciamento. O patógeno foi sensível aos antibióticos azitromicina, gentamicina, enrofloxacina, norfloxacina, marbofloxacina, ciprofloxacina, eritromicina, sulfazotrim, florfenicol, tetraciclina, doxiciclina e foi resistente à penicilina, ampicilina, vancomicina, amoxicilina, amoxicilina + ácido clavulânico, cefalotina, cefalexina, oxacilina, polimixina B, neomicina e bacitracina. Este é o primeiro relato de cromobacteriose em bezerro no Brasil.(AU)

Pedometria aplicada a estudo comparativo entre morfina e tramadol em bovinos / Pedometry applied to a comparative study using morphine and tramadol in bovine

A analgesia com opioides é limitada ou indefinida em ruminantes. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se a realização de um estudo comparativo entre dois analgésicos opioides: a morfina e o tramadol, com base nas avaliações clínica e pedométrica de animais submetidos a artrite e sinovite experimental transitórias, desenvolvidas na articulação interfalângica distal, após administração intra-articular de anfotericina B. Utilizou-se seis animais, em dois tratamentos distintos, com morfina, na dose de 0,5 mg/kg e 20 dias depois com tramadol, na dose de 1,8 mg/kg, ambos via intramuscular. Os animais foram avaliados em intervalos de três horas, num total de 27 horas, observando-se parâmetros fisiológicos, deambulação e atividade pedométrica. Claudicação e alterações pedométricas foram observadas para ambos os fármacos. Por meio das variáveis da atividade pedométrica, observou-se um padrão de inquietação compatível com nocicepção podal, não havendo a interferência dos fármacos sobre a claudicação. Concluiu-se que a morfina e o tramadol, nas doses testadas, foram incapazes de interferir na atenuação do grau de claudicação no momento de máxima estimulação dolorosa, frente ao modelo experimental de dor ortopédica.(AU)

The use of opioids for analgesia is limited or undefined in ruminants. The aim of this study was to compare two analgesics opioids, morphine and tramadol, based on the clinical and pedometric evaluations of animals submitted to a temporary experimental arthritis and synovitis, developed at the distal interphalangeal joint after an intra-articular administration of amphotericin B. Six animals were used in two different treatments, using morphine, dose of 0,5 mg/kg, and twenty days later, tramadol, dose of 1,8 mg/kg, both intramuscularly. The animals were evaluated at 3-hour intervals for a total of 27 hours, observing the physiological parameters, ambulation and pedometer activity. Lameness and pedometer variations were observed in both treatments. Based on the variables of pedometric activity, a pattern of restlessness compatible with podal nociception was observed, and there was no interference of any of the drugs on lameness. It was concluded that morphine and tramadol, at the tested doses, were incapable of interfering in the lameness attenuation during the maximum painful stimulation moment in this experimental protocol of orthopedic pain.(AU)

Percentual de condenações de carcaças de frangos de corte relacionadas à linhagem e ao sistema de criação / Percentage of condemnations of broiler carcasses related to lineage and breeding system

Diante do extraordinário progresso científico verificado na avicultura, o ambiente de criação deve ser constantemente estudado em busca de melhorias que possibilitem o pleno desempenho das aves. Dessa forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o percentual de condenação total e parcial, além dos percentuais de condenação parcial por contusão, celulite, dermatose, miopatia e artrite em relação às linhagens (Cobb Slow, Cobb Fast e Hubbard), tipo de aviário/lona (amarela, azul ou Dark house) e tipo de ventilação (positiva ou negativa). O percentual de condenação parcial por dermatose se apresentou maior para os animais da linhagem Hubbard quando comparado com a linhagem Cobb Fast, já o percentual de miopatia se sobressaiu na linhagem Cobb Slow quando comparado com a linhagem Hubbard, ainda a linhagem Hubbard obteve um maior percentual de artrite frente à linhagem Cobb Slow. Para ventilação houve maiores percentuais de condenação total e parcial, além de condenações parciais por celulite e dermatose para os animais criados em aviários com ventilação negativa. Em relação ao tipo de lona/aviário, verificou-se uma maior condenação parcial, sendo os maiores índices para contusão e dermatose em o aviário tipo Dark House.(AU)

Due to the outstanding scientific progress verified in the poultry industry, the creation system environment must be frequently studied in order to search for improvements that make possible the whole broiler performance. In this way, the goal of the present study is to evaluate the amount of total and partial condemns, besides the amount of partial condemns by contusion, cellulitis, dermatosis, myopathy and arthritis lineage-related (Cobb Slow, Cobb Fast and Hubbard), type of broiler house (dark, blue or yellow curtains) and type of fan system (positive or negative ventilation). The partial condemns percentage due to dermatosis was higher in the Hubbard lineage when compared to Cobb Fast lineage, whereas Hubbard got a higher arthritis percentage when compared to Cobb Slow. The study has also confirmed that total and partial condemns were higher in ventilation-related systems; broilers grown in negative ventilation system houses presented higher partial condemns due to cellulitis and dermatosis. In types of broiler houses curtain-related (dark, blue or yellow), the study has verified a higher amount of partial condemns, being the highest indexes for contusion and dermatosis in the Dark House.(AU)

Percentual de condenações de carcaças de frangos de corte relacionadas à linhagem e ao sistema de criação / Percentage of condemnations of broiler carcasses related to lineage and breeding system

Diante do extraordinário progresso científico verificado na avicultura, o ambiente de criação deve ser constantemente estudado em busca de melhorias que possibilitem o pleno desempenho das aves. Dessa forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o percentual de condenação total e parcial, além dos percentuais de condenação parcial por contusão, celulite, dermatose, miopatia e artrite em relação às linhagens (Cobb Slow, Cobb Fast e Hubbard), tipo de aviário/lona (amarela, azul ou Dark house) e tipo de ventilação (positiva ou negativa). O percentual de condenação parcial por dermatose se apresentou maior para os animais da linhagem Hubbard quando comparado com a linhagem Cobb Fast, já o percentual de miopatia se sobressaiu na linhagem Cobb Slow quando comparado com a linhagem Hubbard, ainda a linhagem Hubbard obteve um maior percentual de artrite frente à linhagem Cobb Slow. Para ventilação houve maiores percentuais de condenação total e parcial, além de condenações parciais por celulite e dermatose para os animais criados em aviários com ventilação negativa. Em relação ao tipo de lona/aviário, verificou-se uma maior condenação parcial, sendo os maiores índices para contusão e dermatose em o aviário tipo Dark House.

Due to the outstanding scientific progress verified in the poultry industry, the creation system environment must be frequently studied in order to search for improvements that make possible the whole broiler performance. In this way, the goal of the present study is to evaluate the amount of total and partial condemns, besides the amount of partial condemns by contusion, cellulitis, dermatosis, myopathy and arthritis lineage-related (Cobb Slow, Cobb Fast and Hubbard), type of broiler house (dark, blue or yellow curtains) and type of fan system (positive or negative ventilation). The partial condemns percentage due to dermatosis was higher in the Hubbard lineage when compared to Cobb Fast lineage, whereas Hubbard got a higher arthritis percentage when compared to Cobb Slow. The study has also confirmed that total and partial condemns were higher in ventilation-related systems; broilers grown in negative ventilation system houses presented higher partial condemns due to cellulitis and dermatosis. In types of broiler houses curtain-related (dark, blue or yellow), the study has verified a higher amount of partial condemns, being the highest indexes for contusion and dermatosis in the Dark House.

Pedometria aplicada a estudo comparativo entre morfina e tramadol em bovinos / Pedometry applied to a comparative study using morphine and tramadol in bovine

A analgesia com opioides é limitada ou indefinida em ruminantes. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se a realização de um estudo comparativo entre dois analgésicos opioides: a morfina e o tramadol, com base nas avaliações clínica e pedométrica de animais submetidos a artrite e sinovite experimental transitórias, desenvolvidas na articulação interfalângica distal, após administração intra-articular de anfotericina B. Utilizou-se seis animais, em dois tratamentos distintos, com morfina, na dose de 0,5 mg/kg e 20 dias depois com tramadol, na dose de 1,8 mg/kg, ambos via intramuscular. Os animais foram avaliados em intervalos de três horas, num total de 27 horas, observando-se parâmetros fisiológicos, deambulação e atividade pedométrica. Claudicação e alterações pedométricas foram observadas para ambos os fármacos. Por meio das variáveis da atividade pedométrica, observou-se um padrão de inquietação compatível com nocicepção podal, não havendo a interferência dos fármacos sobre a claudicação. Concluiu-se que a morfina e o tramadol, nas doses testadas, foram incapazes de interferir na atenuação do grau de claudicação no momento de máxima estimulação dolorosa, frente ao modelo experimental de dor ortopédica.

The use of opioids for analgesia is limited or undefined in ruminants. The aim of this study was to compare two analgesics opioids, morphine and tramadol, based on the clinical and pedometric evaluations of animals submitted to a temporary experimental arthritis and synovitis, developed at the distal interphalangeal joint after an intra-articular administration of amphotericin B. Six animals were used in two different treatments, using morphine, dose of 0,5 mg/kg, and twenty days later, tramadol, dose of 1,8 mg/kg, both intramuscularly. The animals were evaluated at 3-hour intervals for a total of 27 hours, observing the physiological parameters, ambulation and pedometer activity. Lameness and pedometer variations were observed in both treatments. Based on the variables of pedometric activity, a pattern of restlessness compatible with podal nociception was observed, and there was no interference of any of the drugs on lameness. It was concluded that morphine and tramadol, at the tested doses, were incapable of interfering in the lameness attenuation during the maximum painful stimulation moment in this experimental protocol of orthopedic pain.

Alterações da proteína C reativa e fator reumatoide em cães naturalmente infectados por Leishmania spp / Changes in C-reactive protein and rheumatoid factor in dogs naturally infected by Leishmania spp

A leishmaniose visceral canina é uma zoonose considerada doença tropical de prioridade. A leishmaniose afeta vários sistemas do corpo dos cães, incluindo vísceras e pele. A proteína C reativa (PCR) e o fator reumatoide (FR) são exames realizados na medicina para detecção de inflamação e artrites em seres humanos, no entanto, há poucos trabalhos voltados para cães com leishmaniose que demonstrem as alterações ocorridas na PCR e FR. Este trabalho teve como objetivo demonstrar as alterações de PCR e FR e sua correlação com a hiperproteinemia e hiperalbuminemia, além da compararação com o desvio a esquerda presente no exame hematológico. O trabalho foi realizado no Hospital Veterinário do Centro Universitário da Grande Dourados/MS e Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, no qual foram avaliados 34 cães, de diversar raças e idade e submetidos a colheita de sangue venosa para realização de exames em imuno-látex, bioquímica sérica e hemograma, em cães naturalmente infectados por Leishmania spp. Foram utilizados somente cães positivos ao teste rápido DPP® para leishmaniose, juntamente com resultado positivo no exame parasitológico, depois de diagnosticados foram realizados exames hematológicos e bioquímicos. Quando realizado o teste para quantificação de FR em soro sanguíneo, para os 34 animais estudados, foi observado positividade em apenas 1 animal, enquanto que os cães foram positivos para a PCR em 38,23% dos casos estudados. Em casos de animais com leishmaniose é possível estabelecer níveis inflamatórios precocemente, enquanto que o FR demonstrou não ser um bom marcador para animais soropositivos para a doença.(AU)

Canine visceral leishmaniasis is a zoonosis considered a priority tropical disease. The disease affects various body systems of dogs, including viscera and skin. C-reactive protein (CRP) and rheumatoid factor (RF) are tests performed in medicine for the detection of inflammation and arthritis in humans, however, there are few studies aimed at dogs with leishmaniasis that demonstrate changes in CRP and RF. This work aimed to demonstrate the changes of CRP and RF and its correlation with hyperproteinemia and hyperalbuminemia, in addition to the comparison with the left deviation present in the hematological examination. The work was carried out at the Veterinary Hospital of the University Center of Grande Dourados/MS and Zoonoses Control Center, in which 34 dogs of different breeds and ages were submitted to venous blood collection for immuno-latex exams, Biochemistry and blood count in dogs naturally infected with Leishmania spp. Only dogs to the DPP® rapid test for leishmaniasis were used, together with a positive result in parasitological examination, after hematological and biochemical tests were performed. When the test for the quantification of FR in serum was performed, for the 34 animals studied, positivity was observed in only 1 animal, while the dogs were PCR positive in 38.23% of the cases studied. In cases of animals with leishmaniasis it is possible to establish inflammatory levels early, whereas the FR showed not to be a good marker for animals seropositive for the disease.(AU)

Alterações da proteína C reativa e fator reumatoide em cães naturalmente infectados por Leishmania spp / Changes in C-reactive protein and rheumatoid factor in dogs naturally infected by Leishmania spp

A leishmaniose visceral canina é uma zoonose considerada doença tropical de prioridade. A leishmaniose afeta vários sistemas do corpo dos cães, incluindo vísceras e pele. A proteína C reativa (PCR) e o fator reumatoide (FR) são exames realizados na medicina para detecção de inflamação e artrites em seres humanos, no entanto, há poucos trabalhos voltados para cães com leishmaniose que demonstrem as alterações ocorridas na PCR e FR. Este trabalho teve como objetivo demonstrar as alterações de PCR e FR e sua correlação com a hiperproteinemia e hiperalbuminemia, além da compararação com o desvio a esquerda presente no exame hematológico. O trabalho foi realizado no Hospital Veterinário do Centro Universitário da Grande Dourados/MS e Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, no qual foram avaliados 34 cães, de diversar raças e idade e submetidos a colheita de sangue venosa para realização de exames em imuno-látex, bioquímica sérica e hemograma, em cães naturalmente infectados por Leishmania spp. Foram utilizados somente cães positivos ao teste rápido DPP® para leishmaniose, juntamente com resultado positivo no exame parasitológico, depois de diagnosticados foram realizados exames hematológicos e bioquímicos. Quando realizado o teste para quantificação de FR em soro sanguíneo, para os 34 animais estudados, foi observado positividade em apenas 1 animal, enquanto que os cães foram positivos para a PCR em 38,23% dos casos estudados. Em casos de animais com leishmaniose é possível estabelecer níveis inflamatórios precocemente, enquanto que o FR demonstrou não ser um bom marcador para animais soropositivos para a doença.(AU)

Canine visceral leishmaniasis is a zoonosis considered a priority tropical disease. The disease affects various body systems of dogs, including viscera and skin. C-reactive protein (CRP) and rheumatoid factor (RF) are tests performed in medicine for the detection of inflammation and arthritis in humans, however, there are few studies aimed at dogs with leishmaniasis that demonstrate changes in CRP and RF. This work aimed to demonstrate the changes of CRP and RF and its correlation with hyperproteinemia and hyperalbuminemia, in addition to the comparison with the left deviation present in the hematological examination. The work was carried out at the Veterinary Hospital of the University Center of Grande Dourados/MS and Zoonoses Control Center, in which 34 dogs of different breeds and ages were submitted to venous blood collection for immuno-latex exams, Biochemistry and blood count in dogs naturally infected with Leishmania spp. Only dogs to the DPP® rapid test for leishmaniasis were used, together with a positive result in parasitological examination, after hematological and biochemical tests were performed. When the test for the quantification of FR in serum was performed, for the 34 animals studied, positivity was observed in only 1 animal, while the dogs were PCR positive in 38.23% of the cases studied. In cases of animals with leishmaniasis it is possible to establish inflammatory levels early, whereas the FR showed not to be a good marker for animals seropositive for the disease.(AU)

Poliartrite associada a FeLV: relato de caso

O Vírus da leucemia felina é um agente que acomete felinos domésticos com distribuição mundial. Ela induz alterações imunológicas no animal que podem comprometer a saúde do mesmo. Os sinais clínicos são variáveis e inespecíficos. Objetivou-se relatar um caso de poliartrite em um felino com FeLV, condição rara. Foi atendido em uma clínica veterinária um felino, com 3 anos de idade, com histórico de claudicação em membros posteriores e anteriores.Ao exame clínico, verificou-se dor e edema em articulações rádio-cárpicas e tíbio-társicas direito e esquerdas, linfadenomegalia de poplíteos. Foram solicitados exames complementares. O teste rápido para FeLV mostrou-se positivo. O hemograma apresentou neutrofilia. Na radiografia verificou-se a presença de alterações sugestivas para poliartrite. O resultado da citologia mostrou a presença de infiltrado de neutrófilos e linfócitos, sem a presença agentes infecciosos. O histopatológico dos fragmentos ósseos do calcâneo mostrou osteomielite e osteonecrose. Conclui-se que o vírus da leucemia felina induziu um quadro de poliartrite crônica, condição rara, que levou a diversas alterações articulares e ósseas no animal.

The feline leukemia virus is an agent that affects domestic cats with a worldwide distribution. It induces immune changes in the animal that can compromise the health of the animal. The clinical signs are variable and non-specific. The objective of this study was to report a case of polyarthritis in a feline with FeLV, a rare condition. A feline, 3-year-old, with a history of lameness in hind and anterior limbs was seen in a veterinary clinic. Clinical examination revealed pain and edema in the right and left tibial-tarsal radiculopathy and joints, and popliteal lymphadenomegaly. Further examinations were requested. The rapid test for FeLV was positive. The hemogram showed neutrophilia. The presence of suggestive alterations for polyarthritis was observed in the radiograph. The cytology result showed the presence of neutrophil and lymphocyte infiltration, without the presence of infectious agents. The histopathological examination of the bone fragments of the calcaneus showed osteomyelitis and osteonecrosis. It is concluded that the feline leukemia virus induced a chronic condition of polyarthritis, a rare condition that led to several joint and bone changes in the animal.

Poliartrite associada a FeLV: relato de caso

O Vírus da leucemia felina é um agente que acomete felinos domésticos com distribuição mundial. Ela induz alterações imunológicas no animal que podem comprometer a saúde do mesmo. Os sinais clínicos são variáveis e inespecíficos. Objetivou-se relatar um caso de poliartrite em um felino com FeLV, condição rara. Foi atendido em uma clínica veterinária um felino, com 3 anos de idade, com histórico de claudicação em membros posteriores e anteriores.Ao exame clínico, verificou-se dor e edema em articulações rádio-cárpicas e tíbio-társicas direito e esquerdas, linfadenomegalia de poplíteos. Foram solicitados exames complementares. O teste rápido para FeLV mostrou-se positivo. O hemograma apresentou neutrofilia. Na radiografia verificou-se a presença de alterações sugestivas para poliartrite. O resultado da citologia mostrou a presença de infiltrado de neutrófilos e linfócitos, sem a presença agentes infecciosos. O histopatológico dos fragmentos ósseos do calcâneo mostrou osteomielite e osteonecrose. Conclui-se que o vírus da leucemia felina induziu um quadro de poliartrite crônica, condição rara, que levou a diversas alterações articulares e ósseas no animal.(AU)

The feline leukemia virus is an agent that affects domestic cats with a worldwide distribution. It induces immune changes in the animal that can compromise the health of the animal. The clinical signs are variable and non-specific. The objective of this study was to report a case of polyarthritis in a feline with FeLV, a rare condition. A feline, 3-year-old, with a history of lameness in hind and anterior limbs was seen in a veterinary clinic. Clinical examination revealed pain and edema in the right and left tibial-tarsal radiculopathy and joints, and popliteal lymphadenomegaly. Further examinations were requested. The rapid test for FeLV was positive. The hemogram showed neutrophilia. The presence of suggestive alterations for polyarthritis was observed in the radiograph. The cytology result showed the presence of neutrophil and lymphocyte infiltration, without the presence of infectious agents. The histopathological examination of the bone fragments of the calcaneus showed osteomyelitis and osteonecrosis. It is concluded that the feline leukemia virus induced a chronic condition of polyarthritis, a rare condition that led to several joint and bone changes in the animal.(AU)

Diversity of Escherichia coli strains involved in vertebral osteomyelitis and arthritis in broilers in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Locomotor disorders and infections by Escherichia coli represent major concerns to the poultry industry worldwide. Avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) is associated with extraintestinal infections leading to respiratory or systemic disease known as colibacillosis. The most common lesions seen in cases of colibacillosis are perihepatitis, airsacculitis, pericarditis, peritonitis/salpingitis and arthritis. These diseases are responsible for significant economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. E. coli has been recently isolated from vertebral osteomyelitis cases in Brazil and there are no data on molecular and phenotypic characteristics of E. coli strains isolated from lesions in the locomotor system of broilers. This raised the question whether specific E. coli strains could be responsible for bone lesions in broilers. The aim of this study was to assess these characteristics of E. coli strains isolated from broilers presenting vertebral osteomyelitis and arthritis in Brazil. RESULTS: Fifteen E. coli strains from bone lesions were submitted to APEC diagnosis and setting of ECOR phylogenic group, O serogroup, flagella type, virulence genes content, genetic patterns by Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) and Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST). In addition, bacterial isolates were further characterized through a lethality test, serum resistance test and antibiotic resistance profile. E. coli strains harbored different genetic pattern as assessed by PFGE, regardless of flock origin and lesion site. The strains belonged to seven sequence types (STs) previously described (ST117, ST101, ST131, ST 371 and ST3107) or newly described in this study (ST5766 and ST5856). ECOR group D (66.7 %) was the most frequently detected. The strains belonged to diverse serogroups (O88, O25, O12, and O45), some of worldwide importance. The antibiotic resistance profile confirmed strains' diversity and revealed a high proportion of multidrug-resistant strains (73 %), mainly to quinolones and beta-lactams, including third generation cephalosporin. The percentage of resistance to tetracycline was moderate (33 %) but always associated with multidrug resistance. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrated that vertebral osteomyelitis and arthritis in broilers can be associated with highly diverse E. coli based on molecular and phenotypic characteristics. There was no specific virulence patterns of the E. coli strains associated with vertebral osteomyelitis or arthritis. Also, E. coli strains were frequently multidrug resistant and belonged to STs commonly shared by APEC and human ExPEC strains.

Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii-Induced Arthritis with Encephalitic Dissemination in a Dog and Review of Published Literature.

This article describes the clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemical findings associated with Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii in a 4-year-old female Boxer dog from Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil. Clinically, there was a swelling at the right metatarsal region and the hock joint with enlargement of regional lymph nodes. Radiographical evaluation revealed lysis of the tarsal bone; cytology demonstrated cryptococcal intralesional organisms at the swollen joint. Despite empirical antifungals therapeutic, the animal developed neurological cryptococcosis and died spontaneously. Significant pathological alterations included arthritis, lymphadenitis, and encephalitic cryptococcomas associated with numerous intralesional narrow-necked budding encapsulated yeasts. Immunohistochemistry utilising monoclonal antibodies that label C. neoformans sp. complex capsule, characterised the yeasts as C. neoformans var. grubii. Collectively, the pathological and immunohistochemical findings of this dog indicate that the intralesional organisms observed within the articular surface of the hock joint, lymph nodes, and the brain were C. neoformans var. grubii, confirming the participation of this fungal pathogen in the development of cryptococcal arthritis. In this case, the most likely pathogenesis was percutaneous inoculation with resultant abscess-like lesion, which resulted in the draining sinus, swelling of the right hind limb with progression to the articular disease. Thereafter, the fungal pathogen probably compromised the adjacent lymph nodes with subsequent haematogenous distribution to the brain, terminating with cryptococcal arthritis, lymphadenitis, and encephalitis.

Poliartrite em cães - 27 casos (2007-2013) / Polyarthritis in dogs - 27 cases (2007-2013)

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar cães com poliartrite e obter informações a respeito da idade, sexo, raça, peso corporal, queixa principal, alterações no exame físico, do líquido sinovial e resposta à terapia instituída. Os cães sem raça definida e acima de seis anos de idade foram os mais acometidos e o principal sinal clínico observado foi dificuldade de locomoção (71,5%), seguido de dor articular (52,3%) e claudicação (33,3%). Febre e inapetência foram observadas em cinco (18,5%) e quatro cães (14,8%), respectivamente. As principais alterações hematológicas encontradas foram anemia não regenerativa (29,6%), leucocitose (26%) e trombocitopenia (18,5%). Os resultados da bioquímica sérica foram considerados normais em sete de 27 cães (26%) e as principais alterações foram hiperproteinemia (55,5%) e hipoalbuminemia (37%). A inflamação sinovial foi considerada acentuada em 17 cães (77,5%), sendo os neutrófilos predominantes em 52,4% dos casos (n=14). O tratamento foi realizado em 18 cães com doses imunossupressoras de corticosteroides, sendo efetivo em 89% dos casos.(AU)

The aim of this study was to identify dogs with polyarthritis (PA) and information about age, sex, race, body weight, chief complaint, changes in physical examination, cytology of synovial fluid and response to therapy. Mixed breeds dogs over six years of age were the most affected and the main symptoms observed were limited mobility (71.5%) followed by joint pain (52.3%) and claudication (33.3%). Inapetence and fever were observed in five (18.5%) and four dogs (14.8%), respectively. Haematological abnormalities as non regenerative anemia (29.6%), leukocytosis (26%) and thrombocytopenia (18.5%) were found. The results of serum biochemistry were normal in seven of 27 dogs (26%) and the major changes were hyperproteinemia (55.5%) and hypoalbuminemia (37%). The synovial inflammation was considered severe in 17 dogs (77.5%) and neutrophils prevalent in 52.4% of cases (n = 14). The treatment was performed in 18 dogs with immunosuppressive doses of corticosteroids, and was effective in 89% of cases.(AU)

Agalaxia contagiosa. Um novo problema para caprinos e ovinos do Brasil / Contagious agalactia. A “new” problem to goats and sheep of the Brazil

The article presents a review of the main clinical and epidemiological characteristics and contagious agalactia control measures. The disease is characterized by agalactia, mastitis, polyarthritis and keratoconjunctivitis and has been diagnosed in small ruminants from States of Northeast and Southeast of the Brazil. The use of homeopathic medicine presents good clinical results although not fully resolve joint damage. Prevention of the disease can be achieved by induction of birth, followed by immediate separation of kids to new group formation, vaccination of young animals and animal input control in the herd.(AU)

O artigo apresenta uma revisão das características clínico-epidemiológicas e medidas de controle da agalaxia contagiosa. A doença se caracteriza por mastite seguida de agalaxia, poliartrite e ceratoconjuntivite e tem sido diagnosticada em rebanhos dos estados do Nordeste e Sudeste brasileiro. O uso de medicamento homeopático apresenta bons resultados clínicos, embora não resolvam totalmente as lesões articulares. A prevenção da enfermidade pode ser obtida pela indução do parto, seguida de separação imediata das crias com formação de novo plantel, vacinação dos animais jovens e controle de entrada de animais no plantel.(AU)