Pochonia chlamydosporia fungal activity in a solid medium and its crude extract against eggs of Ascaridia galli.

The present study aimed to evaluate the ovicidal activity (type 3 effect) of VC1 and VC4 isolates of Pochonia chlamydosporia in a solid medium and the action of a crude extract of P. chlamydosporia against eggs of Ascaridia galli. To evaluate ovicidal activity in culture medium, 1000 A. galli eggs were plated on Petri dishes containing 2% water-agar with grown fungal isolates (VC1 or VC4) and without fungus (control group) and were examined at 1, 3 and 5 days post-inoculation (assay A). Then, to test the action of crude extracts of P. chlamydosporia (VC1 or VC4), 500 eggs of A. galli were plated on Petri dishes of 4.5 cm diameter with 5 ml of fungal filtrate from each tested isolate. The control group consisted of 500 eggs of A. galli with 10 ml of distilled water on each Petri dish (assay B). Fungal isolates were effective (P < 0.01) at destroying these eggs, showing a type 3 effect at the studied intervals. On the other hand, the crude extract of isolates (VC1 or VC4) reduced the number of A. galli eggs in the treated group compared with the control group by 64.1% and 56.5%, respectively. The results of the present study show that P. chlamydosporia is effective at destroying eggs of A. galli and could therefore be used in the biological control of nematodes.

[Anthelmintic activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Morinda citrifolia fruit on Ascaridia galli]. / Atividade anti-helmintica dos extratos aquoso e etanolico do fruto da morinda citrifolia sobre Ascaridia galli.

The anthelmintic activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Morinda citrifolia fruit (noni) was evaluated in chicken naturally infected by Ascaridia galli. The anthelmintic activity in vitro was determined in adult parasites. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts were used in the following concentrations: 1.69; 3.37; 6.74; 13.48 e 26.96 mg.mL(-1) and 4.17; 8.34; 16.68; 33.36 and 66.72 mg.mL(-1), respectively. The anthelmintic activity in vivo was determined by the administration of 10 mL.kg(-1) of the aqueous (50.1 mg.mL(-1)) and ethanolic (24.6 mg.mL(-1)) extracts during three consecutive days. Later the chickens were euthanized and necropsy was performed in order to count the remaining helminths. The data were analyzed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test. In the concentrations of 13.48 and 26.96 mg.mL(-1), the aqueous extract demonstrated mortality of 46.67 and 50%, respectively, there was a significative difference from the negative control (P < 0.05). The ethanolic extract presented statistical difference from the negative control (diluent) (P < 0.05) for the concentrations of 33.36 and 66.72 mg.mL(-1), expressed by a mortality rate of 66.67 and 76.67%, respectively. In the in vivo test, the aqueous extract of noni fruit showed 27.08% of elimination, deferring statistically from the control group. There was no statistical difference between the ethanolic extract treatments and the control (P > 0.05). It follows that the anthelmintic activity of noni fruit test showed satisfactory results in vitro, there is a need for studies in higher concentrations in the in vivo test.

Atividade anti-helmíntica dos extratos aquoso e etanólico do fruto da Morinda citrifolia sobre Ascaridia galli / Anthelmintic activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Morinda citrifolia fruit on Ascaridia galli

A atividade anti-helmíntica dos extratos aquoso e etanólico do fruto da Morinda citrifolia (noni) foi avaliada em aves poedeiras naturalmente infectadas por Ascaridia galli. A atividade anti-helmíntica in vitro foi determinada em parasitos adultos. O extrato aquoso e etanólico foram testados nas seguintes concentrações: 1,69; 3,37; 6,74; 13,48 e 26,96 mg.mL-1 e 4,17; 8,34; 16,68; 33,36 e 66,72 mg.mL-1, respectivamente. A atividade anti-helmíntica in vivo foi determinada administrando-se, durante três dias consecutivos, o extrato aquoso (50,1 mg.mL-1) e etanólico (24,6 mg.mL-1), sendo 10 mL.kg-1. Posteriormente, as aves foram sacrificadas e necropsiadas para contagem dos helmintos remanescentes. Os dados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente, utilizando-se o teste de Student-Newman-Keuls. Nas concentrações 13,48 e 26,96 mg.mL-1, o extrato aquoso apresentou taxa de mortalidade de 46,67 e 50 por cento, respectivamente, sendo estatisticamente diferente do controle negativo (P < 0,05). O extrato etanólico apresentou diferença significativa do controle negativo (diluente) (P < 0,05) para as concentrações 33,36 e 66,72 mg.mL-1, expressando taxa de mortalidade de 66,67 e 76,67 por cento, respectivamente. No teste in vivo, o extrato aquoso do fruto do noni apresentou percentual de eliminação de 27,08 por cento, diferindo estatisticamente do grupo controle. Não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos com extrato etanólico e controle (P > 0,05). Conclui-se que a atividade anti-helmíntica do fruto do noni, no teste in vitro, apresentou resultados satisfatórios, havendo necessidade de estudos com maiores concentrações no teste in vivo.

The anthelmintic activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Morinda citrifolia fruit (noni) was evaluated in chicken naturally infected by Ascaridia galli. The anthelmintic activity in vitro was determined in adult parasites. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts were used in the following concentrations: 1.69; 3.37; 6.74; 13.48 e 26.96 mg.mL-1 and 4.17; 8.34; 16.68; 33.36 and 66.72 mg.mL-1, respectively. The anthelmintic activity in vivo was determined by the administration of 10 mL.kg-1 of the aqueous (50.1 mg.mL-1) and ethanolic (24.6 mg.mL-1) extracts during three consecutive days. Later the chickens were euthanized and necropsy was performed in order to count the remaining helminths. The data were analyzed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test. In the concentrations of 13.48 and 26.96 mg.mL-1, the aqueous extract demonstrated mortality of 46.67 and 50 percent, respectively, there was a significative difference from the negative control (P < 0.05). The ethanolic extract presented statistical difference from the negative control (diluent) (P < 0.05) for the concentrations of 33.36 and 66.72 mg.mL-1, expressed by a mortality rate of 66.67 and 76.67 percent, respectively. In the in vivo test, the aqueous extract of noni fruit showed 27.08 percent of elimination, deferring statistically from the control group. There was no statistical difference between the ethanolic extract treatments and the control (P > 0.05). It follows that the anthelmintic activity of noni fruit test showed satisfactory results in vitro, there is a need for studies in higher concentrations in the in vivo test.

Assessment of ivermectin therapeutic efficacy on third-stage larvae of Lagochilascaris minor in mice experimentally infected

Avaliou-se a acao da ivermectina sobre larvas de terceiro estadio, tanto em fase de migracao, quanto larvas encistadas em tecidos de camundongos infectados experimentalmente com Lagochilascaris minor. Foram utilizados 120 camundongos (grupos I e II), sendo que cada animal foi inoculado, por via oral, com 1.000 ovos do parasito. Para verificar a acao da ivermectina sobre larvas em migracao, o grupo I (60 animais) foi dividido igualmente em tres subgrupos: I-A, I-B e I-C. No setimo dia apos a inoculacao (DAI), cada animal foi tratado com ivermectina na dosagem de 200 ug/Kg (subgrupo I-A) e 1.000 ug/Kg/dose unica/via sc (subgrupo I-B). Com o objetivo de verificar a acao das drogas sobre larvas encistadas, os animais do grupo II foram divididos igualmente em tres subgrupos: II-A, II-B e II-C...

Pinocembrine: a bioactive flavanone from Teloxys graveolens.

Bioactivity directed fractionation of the acetone extract of Teloxys graveolens (Willd.) Weber (Chenopodiaceae), using the brine shrimp lethality test, led to the isolation of 5,7-dihydroxyflavanone (pinocembrine) (LC50 = 4.25 micrograms/ml) as the only active compound. Pinocembrine also exhibited fasciolicide, ovicide and larvicide activities on newly excysted Fasciola hepatica, on infective eggs of Ascaridi galli and on stage three larvae of Stomoxys calcitrans, respectively.