Introducing aesthetic regenerative scaffolds: An immunological perspective.

BACKGROUND: Skin aging arises from immunological responses to tissue deterioration and damage. Tissue repair processes encompass the regeneration of original tissue and 'scarless' wound healing seen in foetuses, and the extreme fibrotic responses and scarring seen in adults. Anti-aging aesthetic medicine uses interventions like biomaterial-based fillers to influence these immunological responses and renew aged tissue structure and function. At filler injection sites, an inflammatory response occurs that causes a spectrum of outcomes, ranging from tissue regeneration to fibrosis and filler encapsulation. Importantly, the resulting inflammatory pathway can be predetermined by the biomaterial injected. AIMS: By understanding this immunological process, we can develop Aesthetic Regenerative Scaffolds (ARS) - aesthetic injectable biomaterials - to direct inflammatory wound healing away from chronic, fibrotic responses, and towards physiological tissue regeneration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified and reviewed literature on the immunological and cellular responses to injected dermal fillers, whereby the wound healing response to the injection was moderated under the influence of an injected biomaterial. RESULTS: We described the mechanisms of dermal wound healing and the use of ARS to direct healing towards tissue regeneration instead of scarring. We also summarised studies on extracellular matrix remodeling by calcium hydroxylapatite. We found that Calcium hydroxylapatite fillers produce collagen as they gradually degrade and their spherical structures serve as a scaffold for tissue regeneration. Furthermore, CaHA improved fibroblast contractility, collagen type III and elastin production, proliferation and angiogenesis with less inflammation than hyaluronic acid fillers. DISCUSSION: Regneration pathways can be influenced at specific points between a facial filler biomaterial and the wound healingmechanisms at its site of implantaion. CONCLUSION: Physicians can select scaffolds that direct the immune response away from a fibrotic chronic inflammatory pathway and towards regeneration to enable true repair of the aging skin.

Modalidades para armazenamento de material biológico humano com finalidade de pesquisa

O quadro apresentado no arquivo disponibilizado abaixo esclarece, com base na Resolução CNS 441/11, Portaria MS 2.201/11 e Normal Operacional 001/2013, as principais questões conceituais e operacionais relacionadas às pesquisas que envolvem o armazenamento de material biológico humano

Saberes e práticas de biossegurança entre tatuadores: uma contribuição do enfermeiro / Biosecurity knowledge and practices among tattooists: the nurse's contribution / Conocimientos y prácticas de bioseguridad entre tatuadores: una contribución del enfermero

Introdução: o objeto de estudo trata dos conhecimentos de tatuadores acerca das medidas de proteção, na manipulação de material biológico necessárias à prática de tatuagem. Objetivos: descrever os conhecimentos do tatuador acerca da biossegurança voltada para o procedimento característico de sua profissão e analisar a aplicabilidade desses conhecimentos para a manutenção da integridade do cliente. Método: estudo descritivo, qualitativo com 10 tatuadores de dois estúdios do Rio de Janeiro. Foi utilizada entrevista semiestruturada e observação direta do procedimento, de março a maio de 2016, com aplicação da análise de conteúdo aos depoimentos. Resultados: os cuidados se restringem ao descarte e não reutilização dos perfuro cortantes; há enfoque artístico em detrimento de princípios de biossegurança. Conclusão: aponta nova área de atuação para o enfermeiro, sendo necessária padronização do processo de trabalho.

Introduction: the study object is tattooists' knowledge of the protective measures necessary to the practice of tattooing, when handling biological material. Objectives: to describe tattoo artists' knowledge of biosafety directed to the procedure characteristic of their profession and analyze the applicability of this knowledge to maintaining client health. Method: this qualitative, descriptive study of 10 tattooists from two studios in Rio de Janeiro used semi-structured interviews and direct observation of the procedure, from March to May 2016, then applying content analysis to the declarations. Results: care was restricted to disposal and non-reuse of sharps; the approach is artistic to the detriment of biosafety principles. Conclusion: this points to a new area of work for nurses, where standardization of work processes is needed.

Introdución: el objeto de estudio trata de los conocimientos de tatuadores sobre las medidas de protección en el manejo de material biológico, necesarias para la práctica del tatuaje. Objetivos: describir los conocimientos que tiene el tatuador sobre bioseguridad con vistas al procedimiento característico de su profesión y analizar la aplicabilidad de estos conocimientos en cuanto a mantener la integridad del cliente. Método: estudio descriptivo, cualitativo junto a 10 tatuadores de dos estudios en Río de Janeiro. Se utilizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas y la observación directa del procedimiento, de marzo a mayo de 2016, con aplicación del análisis de contenido para el testimonio. Resultados: los cuidados se resumen al desecho y no reutilización de los cortopunzantes; el enfoque artístico se sobrepone a los principios de bioseguridad. Conclusión: se apunta a un nuevo campo de trabajo para los enfermeros, lo que requiere la estandarización del proceso de trabajo.

[Structure, use, and risks of biomaterial repositories of embryonal tumors]. / Biomaterialbanken für embryonale Tumoren: Struktur, Nutzen und Risiken.

Availability of statistically sufficient numbers of tumor samples and other biomaterials in high quality together with corresponding clinical data is crucial for biomedical research. Tumor repositories from individual scientists are mostly not sufficient to satisfy these criteria, especially since pediatric tumors are rare. In 2000 three centralized tumor repositories (neuroblastoma in Cologne, nephroblastoma in Würzburg, hepatoblastoma, brain tumors in Bonn) have been established by the "German Competence Net Pediatric Oncology und Hematology". The aim was to collect biomaterial including tumor samples, normal tissue, and blood in high quality for research and diagnostic purposes at a central institution. Informed consent of the parents or patients is a prerequisite for scientific use of the samples and is requested by the therapy trial. The samples are collected according to accepted standards and shipped in the specially designed Tumorbox. The tumor repository organizes the distribution of the samples to the cooperating diagnostic laboratories. The number of collected tumor samples has increased over the years. In 2000, samples from 200 patients were collected while the patient number increased to 321 in 2005. Over the years the tumor repositories collected more than 7,150 samples (fresh frozen tumor, fresh frozen normal tissue, and blood). Through links with clinical trial databases the samples can be connected with clinical data. 12 of 14 applications for tumor material to be used in specific scientific projects have been approved by an independent supervisory board. The establishment of central tumor repositories represents a major step for biomedical research activities and quality control in pediatric oncology.

Propuesta de una nueva clasificación de prótesis destinadas a la reparación de defectos herniarios en la pared abdominal / Proposal for a new classification of prostheses used in the repair of abdominal wall hernial defects

En el momento actual, la investigación y el desarrollo de nuevos biomateriales es un área en continuo crecimiento. El incremento de su uso en la reparación de defectos en la pared abdominal ha hecho surgir nuevos diseños, con nuevos materiales incorporados a éstos, que el cirujano necesita y debe conocer. En el presente trabajo hemos diseñado una clasificación de las prótesis actualmente existentes en el mercado, con el fin de reparar defectos fundamentalmente herniarios en la pared abdominal. Proponemos una clasificación que tiene en cuenta el tipo de prótesis, sus componentes y su ubicación idónea en la pared abdominal (AU)

Research and development in new biomaterials is currently increasing. The greater use of prostheses for the repair of abdominal wall defects has meant that new designs incorporating novel materials are constantly emerging. Today's surgeon needs to be aware of these novel designs and become familiar with their use. In the present article, we classify the prostheses currently available on the market for the repair of abdominal wall defects, mostly hernias. The new classification scheme we propose takes into account the type of prosthesis, its components, and its ideal site of placement in the abdominal wall (AU)

Respuesta de los autores. Eventroplastia laparoscópica / Author´s reply. Laparoscopic repair of incisional hernias

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Comparison of peritoneal dialysis solutions.

The composition of peritoneal dialysis solutions to a great extent, determine their effectiveness and safety. Many of the factors that determine the bioincompatibility of peritoneal dialysis fluids have been recently identified. This knowledge is essential to modify the manufacturing processes and in the quest for more biocompatible solutions. A description of the available peritoneal dialysis fluids in the United States and a comparison of their formulations are provided.

[Integra, a new surgical alternative for the treatment of massive burns. Clinical evaluation of acute and reconstructive surgery: 39 cases]. / Intégra, une nouvelle alternative chirurgicale pour le traitement des grands brûlés. Evaluation clinique en chirurgie aiguë et réparatrice: à propos de 39 cas.

Early excision and prompt coverage in severely burned patients are the best way to lessen morbidity and improve survival. Repair of full-thickness burns requires replacement of both dermal and epidermal components of skin and treatment with split thickness autografts replaces both of them. But healthy skin is not sufficient in extensive burns. Alternative to split thickness skin grafts have been studied by several groups including epidermis, dermis or a complete replacement comprising epidermis and dermis. Because of the difficulties in homografts supplying, a new way was use to replace the dermis. In 1981, Yannas and Burke were the first to develop such a matrix. Intégra is available in France since 1997 and was used in our service for the treatment of both acute and reconstructive surgery for burned patients. Twenty patients were treated for acute surgery. Nineteen patients were treated for reconstructive surgery of burn scar contractures. Fifty-one grafts of Intégra were performed. Long-term final results seem to show that Intégra improve cosmetical and functional results and is a new surgical alternative for the treatment of burns in the acute phase as well as in late surgery of deformities.

Influência da reutilizaçäo na biocompatibilidade de materiais médico-hospitalares de uso único / Reutilization influence in biocompatibility of single use hospital medical materials

A prática da reutilizaçäo de materiais médico-hospitalares de uso único vem sendo aplicada desde meados da década de setenta. A principal razäo que tem contribuído para disseminaçäo desta conduta pelas instituições hospitalares erradicadas tanto nos países subdesenvolvidos como naqueles considerados ricos, tem sido a aparente economia de custos. Apesar dos riscos relacionados com a prática da reutilizaçäo, como reações pirogênicas, danos ocasionados por bactérias considerados patogênicas em pacientes imunologicamente comprometidos, danos na integridade física dos materiais, assim como aumento do período de permanência dos pacientes no hospital, tem despertado o interesse em avaliar aspectos físicos e biológicos dos materiais médico-hospitalares reutilizados...

The 1995 Medical Device Technology raw materials survey.

Using information supplied by manufacturers, this article reports on the use of raw materials and compounding and conversion practices in the European medical device manufacturing industry. The findings of the survey provide an indication of which materials are being used and how frequently, and the process of selecting suppliers.