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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 39(2): 371-377, abr. 2021. ilus
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385372

RESUMEN

SUMMARY: Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The small bronchiole is a prominent site of airflow obstruction that causes increased airway resistance in patients with the COPD. Therefore, the histological and ultrastructural changes in small bronchioles in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced chronic diabetes were determined. Twenty-four weeks after STZ induction, rats were sacrificed, and the right and left lungs were collected for examination by light and electron microscopy. The alterations to the small bronchioles were the same in both lungs of these diabetic rats. The bronchiolar epithelial cells, both ciliated and secretory club cells, showed pyknotic nuclei and damaged cytoplasmic organelles. Increased thickening of the bronchiolar wall occurred in diabetic rats due to smooth muscle layer thickening, inflammatory cell infiltration, and increased numbers of myofibroblasts with collagen deposition.These results indicated that chronic diabetes caused extreme damage to small bronchioles, which may lead to chronic small airway obstruction and ultimately increase the likelihood of COPD progression. This basic knowledge provides a better understanding of the progression of pathogenesis in the small airways of patients with prolonged diabetes.


RESUMEN: La diabetes mellitus aumenta el riesgo de desarrollar enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC). El bronquiolo es un sitio prominente de obstrucción del flujo de aire que causa una mayor resistencia de las vías respiratorias en pacientes con EPOC. Por lo tanto, se determinaron los cambios histológicos y ultraestructurales en los bronquiolos en la diabetes crónica inducida por estreptozotocina (STZ). 24 semanas después de la inducción de STZ, se sacrificaron las ratas y se analizaron los pulmones derecho e izquierdo por microscopía óptica y electrónica. Las alteraciones de los pequeños bronquiolos fueron las mismas en ambos pulmones de estas ratas diabéticas. Las células epiteliales bronquiolares, tanto ciliadas como secretoras, mostraban núcleos picnóticos y orgánelos citoplasmáticos dañados. Se produjo un aumento del engrosamiento de la pared bronquiolar en ratas diabéticas debido al engrosamiento de la capa de músculo liso, infiltración de células inflamatorias y un mayor número de miofibroblastos con colágeno. Estos resultados indicaron que la diabetes crónica causaba daño extremo a los pequeños bronquiolos, lo que puede conducir a una obstrucción crónica de las vías respiratorias pequeñas y además aumentar la probabilidad de progresión de la EPOC. Esta información proporcionará un mejor conocimiento de la patogénesis en las vías respiratorias pequeñas de los pacientes con diabetes prolongada.


Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Ratas , Bronquios/patología , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/patología , Bronquios/ultraestructura , Enfermedad Crónica , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Microscopía Electrónica de Transmisión
2.
Int. j. morphol ; 33(1): 267-274, Mar. 2015. ilus
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: lil-743796

RESUMEN

The study was conducted on a total of three adult healthy freshly killed red foxes of both sexes weighing about 4-6 kg collected from Abou Rawwash, Giza, Egypt. The wall of trachea and bronchi formed of mucosa, submucosa and adventitia. The mucosa formed of pseudostratified columnar epithelium and lamina propria. The respiratory epithelium composed of tall columnar ciliated, goblet cells, basal cells, and neuroendocrine cells. Goblet cells account for about 20 to 30% of cells in the more proximal. Basal cells are relatively small triangular cells whose bases are attached to the basement membrane. The primary bronchiole is lined by simple columnar nonciliated to cuboidal epithelium containing some bronchiolar exocrine cells and some goblet cells. Neuroendocrine cells constitute about 4 to 5% of bronchial epithelial cells, attached at their bases to the basement membrane and have tapering apices. The lamina propria consists principally of a network of capillaries, a meshwork of connective tissue fibers continuous with the basement membrane. The submucosa formed of connective tissue elements and blood vessels and devoid of Tracheobronchial glands in red fox. The adventitia contain tracheal cartilage and muscle in trachea and bronchial cartilages and muscles in bronchi. Tracheal muscle is transverse bundles attached to the outer perichondrium. In the bronchi, muscle is organized in transverse bundles close to the epithelium adjacent to the lamina propria and longitudinal bundles close to the cartilages. Alveoli are demarcated by septa composed of a continuous layer of epithelial cells overlying a thin interstitium. The epithelial cells consist principally of type I and type II pneumocytes. SEM revealed that, the mucosal surface of both trachea and bronchi was completely covered by cilia. There were few glandular openings or goblet cell.


El estudio se realizó en tres zorros rojos adultos sanos, recién fallecidos, de ambos sexos, con un peso aproximado 4,6 kg recogidos de Abou Rawwash, Giza, Egipto. La pared de la tráquea y los bronquios estaban formados por mucosa, submucosa y adventicia. La mucosa estaba formada por un epitelio estratificado y lámina propia. El epitelio respiratorio ciliado compuesto de células caliciformes, células basales y células neuroendocrinas. Las células calciformes representaban alrededor del 20 al 30% de las células más proximales. Las células basales eran células triangulares relativamente pequeñas cuyas bases están unidas a la membrana basal. El bronquiolo principal está cubierto por un epitelio columnar simple no ciliado que contiene algunas células exocrinas bronquiolares y células caliciformes. Las células neuroendocrinas constituyen aproximadamente 4 a 5% de las células epiteliales bronquiales, unidas en sus bases a la membrana basal y tienen ápices de ahusamiento. La lámina propia consiste principalmente en una red de capilares, una malla de fibras de tejido conectivo continuo con la membrana basal. La submucosa formada por elementos del tejido conectivo y vasos sanguíneos y escasas glándulas traqueobronquiales. La capa adventicia contiene cartílago traqueal y muscular en la tráquea, y los bronquios cartílagos y músculos. En los bronquios, el músculo está compuesto de haces transversales cercanos al epitelio próximo a la lámina propia y haces longitudinales cerca de los cartílagos. Los alvéolos están delimitados por tabiques compuestos de una capa continua de células epiteliales que recubren un intersticio delgado. Las células epiteliales se componen principalmente de neumocitos tipo I y tipo II. El MEB reveló que la superficie de la mucosa de la tráquea y los bronquios estaba completamente cubierta por cilios. Se observaron pocas aberturas glandulares o células caliciformes.


Asunto(s)
Animales , Zorros/anatomía & histología , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Sistema Respiratorio/ultraestructura , Bronquios/ultraestructura , Alveolos Pulmonares/ultraestructura , Tráquea/ultraestructura
3.
Inhal Toxicol ; 23(8): 459-67, 2011 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21689007

RESUMEN

CONTEXT: Prolonged exposure to ambient particles is associated with premature mortality due to cardio-respiratory diseases and lung cancer. The size and composition of these particles determine their toxicity, which is aggravated by their long-term retention in the lungs. OBJECTIVE: To compare the elemental profile of particles retained along the bronchial tree and lymph nodes by combining laser capture microdissection (LCM) and elemental composition analysis through energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-four right lung middle lobes from autopsied cases were obtained from two cities with different pollution backgrounds. Lung samples were collected from three distinct sites within the lung at the time of autopsy: peribronchial tissue, peripheral parenchyma and hilar lymph nodes. Areas of potentially increased particle deposition were microdissected using LCM and analyzed for elemental composition through EDX "allied" with SEM. RESULTS: Elemental analyses of the particles retained along the bronchial tree showed two groups of distribution: peribronchiolar or lymph node deposition. The elemental profile of peribronchial areas were significantly different between the two cities and were better discriminators of past air pollution exposure. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that particle uptake varies along the bronchial tree and human lung tissue retains particles indicative of regional air pollution background.


Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Atmosféricos/toxicidad , Bronquios/efectos de los fármacos , Exposición por Inhalación/efectos adversos , Ganglios Linfáticos/efectos de los fármacos , Metales/análisis , Material Particulado/toxicidad , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Contaminantes Atmosféricos/análisis , Brasil , Bronquios/química , Bronquios/ultraestructura , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Femenino , Humanos , Rayos Láser , Ganglios Linfáticos/química , Ganglios Linfáticos/ultraestructura , Masculino , Microdisección , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Material Particulado/análisis , Espectrometría por Rayos X , Salud Urbana
4.
Clinics (Sao Paulo) ; 65(12): 1229-37, 2010.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21340209

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Cases of H1N1 and other pulmonary infections evolve to acute respiratory failure and death when co-infections or lung injury predominate over the immune response, thus requiring early diagnosis to improve treatment. OBJECTIVE: To perform a detailed histopathological analysis of the open lung biopsy specimens from five patients with ARDS with confirmed H1N1. METHODS: Lung specimens underwent microbiologic analysis, and examination by optical and electron microscopy. Immunophenotyping was used to characterize macrophages, natural killer, T and B cells, and expression of cytokines and iNOS. RESULTS: The pathological features observed were necrotizing bronchiolitis, diffuse alveolar damage, alveolar hemorrhage and abnormal immune response. Ultrastructural analysis showed viral-like particles in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: Viral-like particles can be successfully demonstrated in lung tissue by ultrastructural examination, without confirmation of the virus by RT-PCR on nasopharyngeal aspirates. Bronchioles and epithelium, rather than endothelium, are probably the primary target of infection, and diffuse alveolar damage the consequence of the effect of airways obliteration and dysfunction on innate immunity, suggesting that treatment should be focused on epithelial repair.


Asunto(s)
Subtipo H1N1 del Virus de la Influenza A , Gripe Humana/patología , Pulmón/ultraestructura , Insuficiencia Respiratoria/patología , Adulto , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Biopsia/métodos , Bronquios/patología , Bronquios/ultraestructura , Femenino , Humanos , Pulmón/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mucosa Respiratoria/patología , Mucosa Respiratoria/ultraestructura
5.
Clinics ; Clinics;65(12): 1229-1237, 2010. ilus, tab
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: lil-578559

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Cases of H1N1 and other pulmonary infections evolve to acute respiratory failure and death when co-infections or lung injury predominate over the immune response, thus requiring early diagnosis to improve treatment. OBJECTIVE: To perform a detailed histopathological analysis of the open lung biopsy specimens from five patients with ARDS with confirmed H1N1. METHODS: Lung specimens underwent microbiologic analysis, and examination by optical and electron microscopy. Immunophenotyping was used to characterize macrophages, natural killer, T and B cells, and expression of cytokines and iNOS. RESULTS: The pathological features observed were necrotizing bronchiolitis, diffuse alveolar damage, alveolar hemorrhage and abnormal immune response. Ultrastructural analysis showed viral-like particles in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: Viral-like particles can be successfully demonstrated in lung tissue by ultrastructural examination, without confirmation of the virus by RT-PCR on nasopharyngeal aspirates. Bronchioles and epithelium, rather than endothelium, are probably the primary target of infection, and diffuse alveolar damage the consequence of the effect of airways obliteration and dysfunction on innate immunity, suggesting that treatment should be focused on epithelial repair.


Asunto(s)
Adulto , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Subtipo H1N1 del Virus de la Influenza A , Gripe Humana/patología , Pulmón/ultraestructura , Insuficiencia Respiratoria/patología , Biopsia/métodos , Bronquios/patología , Bronquios/ultraestructura , Pulmón/patología , Mucosa Respiratoria/patología , Mucosa Respiratoria/ultraestructura
6.
J Electron Microsc (Tokyo) ; 57(1): 19-23, 2008 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18083976

RESUMEN

Ozone (O3) is an oxidizing agent that acts on phospholipids, proteins and sugars of cellular membranes producing free radicals, which cause oxidative damages. The O3 exposure has been used as a model to study oxidative stress, in which the respiratory airways represent the entrance to the organism. In this study, ultrastructural alterations were identified at the bronchiolar level during the intra-uterine lung development, using an O3 exposure model in pregnant rats during 18, 20 and 21 days of gestation. Twelve pregnant Wistar rats, six controls and six exposed to 1 ppm O3 inhalation during 12 h per day, were used. The rats were sacrificed at gestational days 18, 20 and 21; the fetuses were obtained and their lungs dissected. The ultrastructural analysis evidenced swollen mitochondria, cytoplasmic vacuolization of the epithelial cells and structural disorder caused by the oxidative stress. At gestation day 20, flake-off epithelial cells and laminar bodies in the bronchiolar lumen were observed. In the 21-gestation-day group, the mitochondria were edematous and their cristae were disrupted by the damage caused in mitochondrial membranes.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Pulmonares/inducido químicamente , Ozono/toxicidad , Ratas/embriología , Animales , Bronquios/ultraestructura , Exposición por Inhalación , Enfermedades Pulmonares/patología , Alveolos Pulmonares/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas Wistar
7.
Cardiol Young ; 17(2): 223-5, 2007 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17319977

RESUMEN

We discuss a 9-month-old male baby, submitted to surgery for correction of aortic coarctation, who showed severe bronchospasm, hypoxaemia, and cardio-respiratory arrest, and who died on the fifth postoperative day. The autopsy revealed histological signs of severe pulmonary vasoconstriction, possibly as a consequence of hypoxaemia secondary to bronchiolitis due to infection with the respiratory syncytial virus. This supposition was confirmed when viruses were detected in pulmonary tissue by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy.


Asunto(s)
Coartación Aórtica/cirugía , Hipertensión Pulmonar/virología , Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio/complicaciones , Virus Sincitiales Respiratorios/inmunología , Anticuerpos Antivirales/inmunología , Bronquios/ultraestructura , Bronquios/virología , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Resultado Fatal , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Hipertensión Pulmonar/patología , Lactante , Masculino , Microscopía Electrónica , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio/patología , Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio/virología
8.
Toxicology ; 207(2): 323-30, 2005 Feb 14.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15596262

RESUMEN

In order to identify if there were sex differences in lead (Pb) lung concentrations and in bronchiolar response after its inhalation, a mice inhalation model was conducted. Sixty CD-1 adult mice from each sex inhaled separately, lead acetate 0.1 M for 1 h, thrice weekly during 15 days. Animals were evaluated for Pb-lung concentrations by atomic absorption spectrometry and for morphological evaluation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Higher Pb-lung concentrations were determined in females, however, more cell damage was found in males, finding that correlated with an increased loss of the nonciliated bronchiolar cells (NCBC) more sloughing and necrosis. Differences in particle clearance, oxidative stress handling, cytokines pathway activation and cytochrome P450 enzymes activity, all influenced by sex hormones, might be a possible explanation for our findings. The relevance of further studies in this field is stressed, as well as its relation to the different development expected for each sex in disease evolution, possible complications and treatment response.


Asunto(s)
Bronquios/efectos de los fármacos , Epitelio/efectos de los fármacos , Pulmón/efectos de los fármacos , Compuestos Organometálicos/toxicidad , Administración por Inhalación , Animales , Bronquios/metabolismo , Bronquios/ultraestructura , Epitelio/metabolismo , Epitelio/ultraestructura , Femenino , Plomo/análisis , Pulmón/metabolismo , Pulmón/ultraestructura , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Modelos Animales , Factores Sexuales
9.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 64(2): 85-90, ago. 2004. ilus, tab
Artículo en Español | LILACS | ID: lil-410312

RESUMEN

La disquinesia ciliar primaria (DCP) es una enfermedad subdiagnosticada que suele tener manifestaciones importantes en Otorrinolaringología. Se analizan 14 pacientes en quienes el diagnóstico de DCP se basó en la persistencia de infecciones crónicas, ya sea a nivel nasosinusal u ótico. Las patologías más frecuentemente involucradas fueron la rinosinusitis crónica y la otitis media con efusión. El diagnóstico se hizo con microscopía electrónica de transmisión de mucosa bronquial. La alteración ciliar encontrada más reiteradamente fue la ausencia del brazo interno de dineína. En 6 pacientes se debió realizar cirugía endoscópica funcional de cavidades perinasales debido a una rinosinusitis crónica y, en 8, se debió colocar tubos de ventilación, por la otitis media con efusión persistente.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Lactante , Preescolar , Niño , Adolescente , Bronquios/ultraestructura , Enfermedades Nasales/complicaciones , Síndrome de Kartagener/diagnóstico , Biopsia , Microscopía Electrónica , Otitis Media/complicaciones , Rinitis/complicaciones , Sinusitis/complicaciones
10.
Toxicol Ind Health ; 20(1-5): 69-75, 2004 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15807410

RESUMEN

The current study explores the effects of the inhalation of lead (Pb), Cd and its mixture (Pb-Cd) in a mice model, analysing metal concentrations in the lung, and the morphological modifications in the bronchiolar epithelium identified by scanning electron microscopy after eight weeks of inhalation. Our results indicate that metal concentrations in lung were higher compared to controls; however, Pb concentrations drastically decrease in the mixture. This reduction was also observed in the inhalation chamber. The main changes observed in the bronchiole were mostly in the mixture. The modifications were mainly given by Cd alone and in the mixture, with a decreased number of nonciliated bronchiolar cells and an increased number of bundles of dividing cells. The additive effect of Pb-Cd is suggested, as the extensive damage observed was more evident when mice were exposed to the mixture, and the results endured more research in the area of inhaled mixtures.


Asunto(s)
Bronquios/efectos de los fármacos , Cadmio/toxicidad , Plomo/toxicidad , Mucosa Respiratoria/efectos de los fármacos , Administración por Inhalación , Animales , Bronquios/ultraestructura , Cadmio/farmacocinética , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Exposición por Inhalación , Plomo/farmacocinética , Pulmón/efectos de los fármacos , Pulmón/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Mucosa Respiratoria/ultraestructura , Método Simple Ciego , Factores de Tiempo
11.
Vet Pathol ; 40(4): 395-404, 2003 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12824511

RESUMEN

Porcine enzootic pneumonia (PEN), caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mh), has been described in pigs in all geographic areas. The disease is characterized by high morbidity and low mortality rates in intensive swine production systems. A morphologic and immunohistochemical study was done to determine the cellular populations present in lung parenchyma of infected pigs, with special attention to the bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT). Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies were used for the detection of antigens of Mh, T lymphocytes (CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+), IgG+ or IgA+ lymphocytes, and cells containing lysozyme, S-100 protein, major histocompatibility complex class II antigen or myeloid-histiocyte antigen. Findings in lung tissues associated with Mh infection were catarrhal bronchointerstitial pneumonia, with infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lamina propria of bronchi and bronchioles and alveolar septa. Hyperplasia of mononuclear cells in the BALT areas was the most significant histologic change. The BALT showed a high morphologic and cellular organization. Macrophages and B lymphocytes were the main cellular components of germinal centers. T lymphocytes were primarily located in perifollicular areas of the BALT, lamina propria and within the airway epithelium, and plasma cells containing IgG or IgA at the periphery of the BALT, in the lamina propria of bronchi and bronchioles, in alveolar septa, and around bronchial submucosal glands. The hyperplastic BALT in PEN cases consisted of macrophages, dendritic cells, T and B lymphocytes, and IgG+ and IgA+ plasma cells. CD4+ cells predominated over CD8+ cells. Local humoral immunity appears to play an important role in the infection.


Asunto(s)
Bronquios/microbiología , Bronquios/patología , Tejido Linfoide/microbiología , Tejido Linfoide/patología , Infecciones por Mycoplasma/patología , Infecciones por Mycoplasma/veterinaria , Mycoplasma/fisiología , Animales , Bronquios/ultraestructura , Inmunohistoquímica , Tejido Linfoide/ultraestructura , Infecciones por Mycoplasma/microbiología , Porcinos , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/patología
12.
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol ; 49 Suppl 1: S261-7, 1999 Oct 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10577818

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Air pollution is strongly correlated with allergic and infectious diseases. Chronicity of the stimulation and immaturity of the defense system make children prone to respiratory diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the adverse effects of urban levels of air pollution, correlating children's respiratory diseases and ultrastructural studies in rats, compared to controls in a clean area. METHODS: An epidemiological survey was conducted with 2000 school children (age range 7-14 years old), divided into two groups of 1000 children each: the Red group from São Paulo city (17,000,000 inhabitants) and the Green group from a rural area around the city of Tupã with no air pollution at all. A questionnaire was given to the children's parents in order to estimate history of respiratory diseases and predisposing factors. A total of 69 rats were housed for 6 months in the center of São Paulo, and ultrastructural studies of the epithelium of the airways were done and compared to 56 control animals in the rural area. RESULTS: The Red group of children had a statistically significant (P < 0.005) high prevalence of respiratory diseases such as rhinitis, sinusitis, and upper respiratory infections (URI). Rats exposed to air pollution developed ultrastructural ciliary alterations. CONCLUSION: The results obtained in the present investigation suggest that chronic exposure to urban levels of air pollution may cause respiratory diseases in children and ultrastructural ciliary alterations in the epithelium of the airways in rats, when compared to controls in a pollution-free rural area.


Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Atmosféricos/efectos adversos , Mucosa Respiratoria/ultraestructura , Enfermedades Respiratorias/etiología , Salud Urbana , Adolescente , Animales , Bronquios/ultraestructura , Niño , Humanos , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Tráquea/ultraestructura
13.
Can J Anaesth ; 46(9): 897-903, 1999 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10490162

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To determine the effect of heat and moisture exchange (HME) on the tracheobronchial tree (TBT) using a unidirectional anesthesic circuit with or without CO2 absorber and high or low fresh gas flow (FGF), in dogs. METHODS: Thirty-two dogs were randomly allocated to four groups: G1 (n=8) valvular circuit without CO2 absorber and high FGF (5 L x min(-1)); G2 (n=8) as G1 with HME; G3 (n=8) circuit with CO2 absorber with a low FGF (1 L x min(-1)); G4 (n=8) as G3 with HME. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with pentobarbital. Tympanic temperature (TT), inhaled gas temperature (IGT), relative (RH) and absolute humidity (AH) of inhaled gas were measured at 15 (control), 60, 120 and 180 min of controlled ventilation. Dogs were euthanized and biopsies in the areas of TBT were performed by scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: The G2 and G4 groups showed the highest AH (>20 mgH2O x L(-1)) and G1 the lowest (< 10 mgH2O x L(-1)) and G3 was intermediate (< 20 mgH2O x L(-1)) (P < 0.01). There was no difference of TT and IGT among groups. Alterations of the mucociliary system were greatest in G1, least in G2 and G4, and intermediate in G3. CONCLUSION: In dogs, introduction of HME to a unidirectional anesthetic circuit with/without CO2 absorber and high or low FGF preserved humidity of inspired gases. HME attenuated but did not prevent alterations of the mucociliary system of the TBT.


Asunto(s)
Bronquios/fisiología , Respiración Artificial/efectos adversos , Tráquea/fisiología , Anestesia , Animales , Temperatura Corporal/fisiología , Bronquios/ultraestructura , Perros , Epitelio/fisiología , Epitelio/ultraestructura , Femenino , Humedad , Masculino , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Temperatura , Volumen de Ventilación Pulmonar/fisiología , Tráquea/ultraestructura
14.
Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol ; 20(5): 880-90, 1999 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10226058

RESUMEN

Internalization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by epithelial respiratory cell lines has been suggested to be dependent on the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. Because we have observed intracellular (IC) P. aeruginosa only in cells that do not express apical CFTR, we addressed the question of whether bacterial internalization by epithelial cells depends on the degree of cell differentiation and polarity. Internalization of piliated P. aeruginosa PAO-1 and PAK by human epithelial respiratory cells in primary culture and by the 16 human bronchial epithelial 14o- cell line cultured either on thick collagen gels or on thin collagen films was evaluated by the gentamicin exclusion assay. Cells cultured on thick gels were differentiated, polarized, and tight. They exhibited CFTR at their apical membranes, expressed beta1 integrins at their basal membranes, excluded lanthanum nitrate, and uniformly expressed ZO-1 protein. In contrast, in cells cultured on thin films, CFTR was present mainly in the cytoplasm, whereas beta1 integrins were detected at apical membranes. Most cells cultured on thin films did not exclude lanthanum nitrate and rarely expressed ZO-1 protein. Cells grown on thick and thin collagen substrates differed markedly in bacterial internalization: no IC bacteria could be detected in cells cultured on gels, whereas high IC bacterial concentrations were isolated from cells cultured on thin films. Treatment of cells cultured on thin films with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, to disrupt intercellular junctions further, significantly enhanced P. aeruginosa internalization. Our results suggest that P. aeruginosa internalization by epithelial respiratory cells does not depend on CFTR protein expression at the epithelial cell surface but rather on cell polarity and junctional complex integrity.


Asunto(s)
Bronquios/microbiología , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/fisiología , Bronquios/citología , Bronquios/ultraestructura , Diferenciación Celular , Polaridad Celular , Células Cultivadas , Regulador de Conductancia de Transmembrana de Fibrosis Quística/metabolismo , Células Epiteliales/microbiología , Células Epiteliales/ultraestructura , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Humanos , Microscopía Electrónica
15.
Rev. bras. pesqui. méd. biol ; Braz. j. med. biol. res;29(9): 1195-9, Sept. 1996. ilus
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: lil-186126

RESUMEN

The distribution and conformational changes of the fibers of the collagenous and elastic systems in guinea pig airways after a contractile agonist challenge are described. We observed a distinct pattern of behavior within the mucosal fibers during bronchoconstriction. Part of the fibers of the two systems tend to follow the epithelial invaginations towards the airway lumen, while the remaining ones seem to be attached to the internal smooth muscle. These layers of fibers in the mucosa are interconnected to one another and to the adventitial network by slender fibers. We suggest that the configuration and behavior of these fibers during bronchoconstriction may contribute to airway reopening after the contractile stimulus has ceased. The possible role of this mechanism in the pathophysiology of human asthma is discussed.


Asunto(s)
Cobayas , Animales , Broncoconstricción/fisiología , Colágeno/fisiología , Tejido Elástico/fisiología , Elastina/metabolismo , Asma/fisiopatología , Bronquios/ultraestructura
16.
J. pneumol ; 16(3): 161-70, set. 1990. ilus
Artículo en Portugués | LILACS | ID: lil-94378

RESUMEN

O presente estudo visa apresentar os aspectos básicos da composiçäo celular das vias aéreas, com ênfase especial aos mecanismos de retençäo de partículas e transporte mucociliar


Asunto(s)
Cobayas , Bronquios/ultraestructura , Sistema Respiratorio/ultraestructura , Movimiento Celular/efectos de la radiación
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