Bronchoesophageal fistula in sheep: case report / Fístula broncoesofágica em ovino: relato de caso

The term bronchoesophageal fistula is used for the abnormal communication between the esophageal lumen and the pulmonary bronchi. There are no reports of this condition in production animals, and its origin is unknown. A male Dorper sheep from the Veterinary Hospital of the Santo Amaro University, SP, Brazil, presented clinical signs of tachypnea, apathy, and coughing after eating. The animal died suddenly after a fever break. During the gross evaluation, a fistula was noticed in the middle third of the thoracic esophagus with communication to the right cranial lung lobe, forming an encapsulated area measuring 24.5 cm x 22.0 cm x 9.4 cm. Fibrous tissue delimited the pulmonary lobe and feed filled the compartment. This is a rare condition with unclear etiopathogenesis.(AU)

O termo fístula broncoesofágica denomina a comunicação anormal entre o lúmen esofágico e os brônquios pulmonares. Não há relatos dessa condição em animais de produção, e sua origem é desconhecida. Um ovino macho da raça Dorper, proveniente do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Santo Amaro, SP, Brasil, apresentou sinais clínicos de taquipneia, apatia e tosse após a alimentação. O animal morreu repentinamente após quadro febril. Na avaliação macroscópica notou-se fístula no terço médio do esôfago torácico com comunicação para o lobo pulmonar cranial direito, formando uma área encapsulada medindo24,5 cm x 22,0 cm x 9,4 cm. Tecido fibroso delimitava o lobo pulmonar e conteúdo alimentar preenchia o compartimento. Esta é uma condição rara com etiopatogenia incerta.(AU)

Fístula biliopleurobronquial: reporte de un caso / Bronchobiliary fistula: Report of a case

La fístula biliopleurobronquial (FBB) es una comunicación anormal entre la vía biliar y el árbol bronquial. Es una condición infrecuente, generalmente secundaria a un proceso infeccioso local o a un evento traumático. La bilioptisis es patognomónica. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 37 años con historia de cirrosis biliar secundaria, en lista para trasplante hepático, con múltiples episodios de colangitis previos y usuaria de derivación biliar externa, quien curso con bilioptisis y mediante gammagrafía HIDA con SPECT se confirmó fistula biliopleurobronquial. Éste caso se resolvió con derivación percutánea de la vía biliar

Bronchobiliary fistula (BBF) is an abnormal communication between the biliary tract and the bronchial tree. Is an infrequent condition, usually secondary to a local infectious process or a traumatic event. Bilioptisis is pathognomonic. We present the case of a 37 year old woman with secondary biliary cirrhosis, in list for liver transplantation, with several episodes of cholangitis and carrier of external biliary diverivation, who presented bilioptisis and HIDA scintigraphy with SPECT confirmed BBF. This case was resolved with percutaneous derivation of the biliary tract

[Bronchobiliary fistula. Report of a case]. / Fístula biliopleurobronquial: reporte de un caso.

Bronchobiliary fistula (BBF) is an abnormal communication between the biliary tract and the bronchial tree. Is an infrequent condition, usually secondary to a local infectious process or a traumatic event. Bilioptisis is pathognomonic. We present the case of a 37 year old woman with secondary biliary cirrhosis, in list for liver transplantation, with several episodes of cholangitis and carrier of external biliary diverivation, who presented bilioptisis and HIDA scintigraphy with SPECT confirmed BBF. This case was resolved with percutaneous derivation of the biliary tract.

Fístula broncobiliar congénita: Caso dínico / Congenital broncho-biliary fistula: A case report

La fístula traqueo- o broncobiliar congénita o fístula hepatopulmonar congénita es una rara malformación con alta morbimortalidad si su diagnóstico no se realiza a tiempo. Existe una comunicación entre el sistema respiratorio (tráquea o bronquio) y el tracto biliar. Hasta la fecha, se han reportado solo 35 casos. Presentamos el caso de un neonato con neumopatía derecha y débito bilioso por el tubo endotraqueal. El diagnóstico se realizó mediante broncoscopía con radioscopía y la resección de la fístula broncobiliar fue por videotorascopía. Posteriormente, se requirió de una hepatectomía izquierda con anastomosis biliodigestiva en Y de Roux por presentar hipoplasia de colédoco.

Congenital tracheo-or-bronchobiliary fistula or congenital he-patopulmonary fistula is a rare malformation with high morbidity and mortality if the diagnosis is not made early. The tracheo-or-bronchobiliary fistula is a communication between the respiratory (trachea or bronchus) and biliary tract. To date, only 35 cases have been published worldwide. We report a case of a neonate with right pneumonia and bilious fluid in the endotracheal tube. Diagnosis was made using bronchoscopy with fluoroscopy. Videothoracoscopy was used to remove the bronchobiliary fistula. Subsequently, a left he-patectomy with Roux-en-Y biliary-digestive anastomosis was performed as bile ductus hypoplasia was present.

[Congenital broncho-biliary fistula: a case report]. / Fístula broncobiliar congénita: caso dínico.

Congenital tracheo-or-bronchobiliary fistula or congenital he-patopulmonary fistula is a rare malformation with high morbidity and mortality if the diagnosis is not made early. The tracheo-or-bronchobiliary fistula is a communication between the respiratory (trachea or bronchus) and biliary tract. To date, only 35 cases have been published worldwide. We report a case of a neonate with right pneumonia and bilious fluid in the endotracheal tube. Diagnosis was made using bronchoscopy with fluoroscopy. Videothoracoscopy was used to remove the bronchobiliary fistula. Subsequently, a left he-patectomy with Roux-en-Y biliary-digestive anastomosis was performed as bile ductus hypoplasia was present.

La fístula traqueo- o broncobiliar congénita o fístula hepatopulmonar congénita es una rara malformación con alta morbimortalidad si su diagnóstico no se realiza a tiempo. Existe una comunicación entre el sistema respiratorio (tráquea o bronquio) y el tracto biliar. Hasta la fecha, se han reportado solo 35 casos. Presentamos el caso de un neonato con neumopatía derecha y débito bilioso por el tubo endotraqueal. El diagnóstico se realizó mediante broncoscopía con radioscopía y la resección de la fístula broncobiliar fue por videotorascopía. Posteriormente, se requirió de una hepatectomía izquierda con anastomosis biliodigestiva en Y de Roux por presentar hipoplasia de colédoco.

Gastrobronchial Fistula in Sleeve Gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass--A Systematic Review.

Gastrobronchial fistula (GBF) is a rare surgical complication after bariatric surgery. We aimed to identify the clinical aspects of GBF and establish diagnostic and treatment strategies. A literature search was conducted in December 2013, in the PubMed electronic database. Eleven studies were selected, comprising a total of 36 patients. Most patients presented with a gastric leak prior to the diagnosis of GBF. Mean period until diagnosis was 7.2 months, and main presenting symptoms were productive cough (n = 13) and subphrenic abscess (n = 12). Endoscopic treatment was successful in 18 out of 20 patients, with minimal complication. Surgical treatment was successful in 17 cases with significant complications. GBF can be effectively treated with both endoscopic and surgical approach; however, surgical treatment can be associated with more complication.

[Gastro-bronchial fistula major complication of sleeve gastrectomy]. / Fístula gastrobronquial: complicación mayor de manga gástrica.

BACKGROUND: Gastrobronchial fistula is a rare complication in gastroesophageal surgical procedures. It is difficult to diagnose and handling is complex. Therefore, there have been developments for non-surgical alternatives to obliterate minor fistula mortality. Endoscopic treatment is an option for patients with small fistulas or in serious condition. CLINICAL CASE: A 38 year old woman with evidence of gastrobronchial fistula postoperated of gastric sleeve, diagnosed during the postoperative period due to clinical variegated was initially handled as infectious respiratory symptoms; once the fistulous path was established, the intention was to close the path using endoclips. However, adding hemopneumothorax, drainage tube placement and thoracotomy were required. It was decided to chose a prosthetic esophageal endoscopic management of polytetraflouroethylene and fibrin as last therapy, because the patient had systemic inflammatory response syndrome, with favorable response to endoscopic management. DISCUSSION: Bariatric surgery has shown satisfactory results, however, the complexity of the procedure favors severe complications such as the present case. Gastrobronchial fistulas represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, this is considering from a conservative management to endoscopic procedures, as in our patient. CONCLUSION: Although gastrobronchial fistulas are a rare complication, the use of endoscopy in resolution should be a first class weapon in its management, since it offers a lower morbidity in a patient with habitual respiratory symptoms that are difficult to control, with satisfactory results in the medium and long term.

New frontier for intracardiac devices: endobronchial occlusion of bronchopleural fistula with CERA device.

We report on a 57-year-old patient suffering from advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the left lung, ultimately submitted to intrapericardial left pneumonectomy with hilar and mediastinal lymphadenectomy. Imaging examination showed a left bronchopleural fistula that needed to be occluded. Due to the patient's high surgical risk, endobronchial closure with intracardiac device was performed. The ASD CERA™ device (Lifetech Schenzhen, China) was chosen. The procedure was successful and the patient was discharge from the hospital 5 days thereafter. Endobronchial closure of bronchopleural fistulas with intracardiac devices is feasible and may become an excellent option for those very ill patients.

Traumatic thoracobiliary (pleurobiliary and bronchobiliary) fistula.

BACKGROUND: Traumatic thoracobiliary fistula is a rare but serious complication. A series of thoracobiliary fistulas secondary to penetrating trauma and analysis of trends in management are presented. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all patients with traumatic thoracobiliary fistula, treated from April 2008 to February 2010. There were 5 patients: 4 suffered gunshot wounds and 1 was stabbed. The mean injury severity score was 22. RESULTS: Initial treatment was insertion of a chest tube in all cases. One patient underwent damage-control surgery and hepatic packing, and 3 were managed with laparotomy, a perihepatic closed drain, and suture of the diaphragm. Two patients developed bronchobiliary fistulas and 3 had pleurobiliary fistulas. Diagnostic procedures involved determination of bilirubin in pleural effusion, computed tomography, magnetic resonance cholangiography, hepatobiliary iminodiacetic scans, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. Definitive treatment included sphincterotomy and stenting in 4 cases, pulmonary decortication in 5, fistulectomy in 2, hepatic suture in 2, perihepatic closed drain placement in 4, and suture of the diaphragm in 4. CONCLUSIONS: Traumatic thoracobiliary fistulas are complex lesions. A multidisciplinary approach is required for a timely and successful outcome. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography is very useful as the initial procedure to confirm the diagnosis and also for treatment.

Videothoracoscopic management of middle esophageal diverticulum with secondary bronchoesophageal fistula: report of a case.

Middle esophageal diverticulum is rare, but can result in bronchoesophageal fistula. Previous reports have described open surgical techniques to treat esophageal diverticula, but few have evaluated the effectiveness of a videothoracoscopy approach. We report a case of middle esophageal diverticulum associated with bronchoesophageal fistula, managed successfully with videothoracoscopy. We also review the relevant literature.

Litiasis pulmonar secundaria a fístula colecistopleural / Secondary pulmonary lithiasis following cholecystopleural fistual

La litiasis pulmonar secundaria a fístula colecistopleural es una entidad infrecuente en la evolución de la colelitiasis que genera un potencial riesgo de vida para el paciente. Solo se ha publicado un caso en la bibiliografía angloparlante donde fue necesria una resección pulmonar para su tratamiento

Litiasis pulmonar secundaria a fístula colecistopleural / Secondary pulmonary lithiasis following cholecystopleural fistual

La litiasis pulmonar secundaria a fístula colecistopleural es una entidad infrecuente en la evolución de la colelitiasis que genera un potencial riesgo de vida para el paciente. Solo se ha publicado un caso en la bibiliografía angloparlante donde fue necesria una resección pulmonar para su tratamiento

Fístula broncopleural cutânea causada por Eikenella corrodens / Bronchopleural cutaneous fistula due to Eikenella corrodens

OBJETIVO: Fazer uma revisão sobre fistula cutânea broncopleural causada por Eikenella corrodens e relatar e discutir o caso de uma paciente. DESCRIÇAO: Paciente do sexo feminino, 16 anos de idade, foi encaminhada ao nosso hospital em estado febril com histórico de escarro com estrias de sangue há 2 meses; apresentava seqüelas neurológicas de encefalite herpética e estava confinada ao leito desde os cinco anos de idade. A mãe relatou ter detectado, dias antes, uma massa mole paraespinhal longitudinal. A paciente recebia alimentação via oral apesar da ocorrência de freqüentes engasgamentos nos últimos anos. A apalpação, a massa podia ser pressionada até encontrar menor resistência do espaço subcutâneo, estendendo-se longitudinalmente até a região torácica inferior. A tomografia torácica revelou pneumonia necrotizante do lobo direito inferior e uma fistula bronco pleural formando áreas de cavitação subcutânea. A paciente foi submetida a tratamento prolongado com antibióticos com decrescentes coletas de ar por 8 semanas. COMENTARIOS: A Eikenella corrodens tem sido indicada como potencial patógeno causador de infecções pleuropulmonares. Não há relatos de fístula pleurocutânea e formação de abscessos como complicadores de empiema e pneumonia necrotizante causados por infecção de E. corrodens. A presença de lesão torácica proeminente que aumenta e diminui com a respiração pode ser uma indicação de fistula pleurocutânea. O tratamento do empiema de Eikenella com antibióticos sem decorticação cirúrgica exige um tratamento prolongado com antibioticoterapia.

Mioplastia en el tratamiento de fistulas broncopleurales / Myoplasty in the treatment of bronchopleural fistulas

Las fístulas broncopleurales posoperatorias asociadas o no a empiema constituyen una fuente importante de morbimortalidad en pacientes que han sufrido resecciones pulmonares, principalmente cuando se tratan enfermedades malignas. El objetivo de este artículo es revisar los resultados obtenidos en el tratamiento de 6 pacientes tratados entre 1997 y 2003. La operación previa fue neumonectomía derecha en 5 pacientes y lobectomía superior derecha en uno. Las causas de la operación fueron traumatismo, tumores benignos y malignos y tuberculosis. En los 6 pacientes se utilizó mioplastia con el dorsal ancho para la obliteración de la cavidad pleural remanente. Las técnicas complementarias comprendieron el uso de colgajos pediculados de músculo intercostal (3 pacientes), mioplastia con el músculo pectoral mayor y toracoplastia parcial en un paciente cada una. La complicación más frecuente fue la fuga aérea mantenida por más de 10 días. Todos los pacientes mantenían el cierre bronquial al año de la operación(AU)

The postoperative bronchopleural fistulas associated or not with empyema are an important source of morbimortality in patients that have suffered from pulmonary resections, mainly when malignant diseases are treated. The purpose of this article is to review the results obtained in the treatment of six patients from 1997 to 2003. The previous operation was right pneumonectomy in five patients and upper right lobectomy in one. The causes of the operation were traumatism, benign and malignant tumors and tuberculosis. In the six patients, it was used myoplasty with the wide dorsal for the obliteration of the remaining pleural cavity. The complementary techniques comprised the use of pedicled flaps of intercostal muscle (3 patients), myoplasty with the pectoralis major and partial thoracoplasty in a patient, each one. The most frequent complication was the aerial leakage maintained for more than ten days. All the patients kept the bronchial closure a year after the operation(AU)

Hemoptisis masiva por fístula aorto bronquial / Massive hemoptysis from an aortobronchial fistula

This is a report of a 61 year old man who was admitted at the Intensive Care Unit because of massive hemoptysis and respiratory failure. Four years before he had had an aortic dissection type A, and at that time an aortic valve, ascending aorta and aortic arch replacement, had been carried out. A thorax CT scan showed an aneurysm of the ascending aorta. A bronchoscopy was normal. In the angiography, a collateral of the left mammary artery was identified as the cause of bleeding and was subsequently embolized. After the procedure, the patient had a new episode of massive hemoptysis, and surgery was recommended. During surgery, the diagnosis of aortobronchial fistula was confirmed but the patient died during the intervention. (Au)