Bruxismo como consequência do estresse pandêmico: revisão integrativa / Bruxism as a consequence of pandemic stress: integrative review

O período pandêmico com todas as suas implicações possibilitou um aumento dos níveis de estresse em parte da população, que teve como consequência a obtenção ou o agravamento do bruxismo. Objetivo: O objetivo deste artigo foi realizar uma revisão integrativa sobre como o estresse causado pela pandemia de COVID-19 influenciou no desenvolvimento do bruxismo, considerando o perfil dos indivíduos acometidos. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura a partir da seleção de artigos publicados nas bases de dados BVS, PubMed e EBSCOhost. Para isto, a seguinte questão de pesquisa foi formulada: "Existe relação entre o bruxismo e a pandemia de COVID-19?". A busca objetivou encontrar artigos publicados em português, espanhol e inglês, durante os anos de 2019 a 2023, utilizando os descritores "bruxismo", "COVID-19" e "estresse psicológico" e as suas respectivas versões em inglês, juntamente com a estratégia de busca AND. Revisão de literatura: Vinte estudos foram incluídos, ficando evidente uma prevalência do bruxismo como consequência do estresse pandêmico em pessoas jovens, do sexo feminino, além de estudantes/profissionais da área da saúde. Considerações finais: Acredita-se que a pandemia de COVID-19 vivenciada entre os anos de 2019 e 2023 tenha causado e/ou exacerbado estresse, sendo este um importante fator causador do bruxismo.(AU)

The pandemic period with all its implications allowed an increase in stress levels in part of the population, which resulted in the obstruction or worsening of bruxism. Objective: The aim of this article was to carry out an integrative review on how the stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the development of bruxism, considering the profile of affected individuals. Method: An integrative literature review was carried out based on the selection of articles published in the VHL, PubMed and EBSCOhost databases. For this, the following research question was formulated: "Is there a relationship between bruxism and the COVID-19 pandemic?". The search aimed to find articles published in Portuguese, Spanish and English, during the years 2019 to 2023, using the descriptors "bruxism", "COVID-19" and "psychological stress" and their respective versions in English, together with the strategy of search AND. Integratve review: Twenty studies were included, revealing a prevalence of bruxism as a consequence of pandemic stress in young, females, in addition to students/health professionals. Final considerations: It is believed that the COVID-19 pandemic experienced between 2019 and 2023 caused and/or exacerbated stress, which is an important factor causing bruxism.(AU)

Awake bruxism frequency and psychosocial factors in college preparatory students.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency of reported masticatory muscles activity during wakefulness (i.e., awake bruxism [AB]), levels of anxiety, depression, stress, and the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in college preparatory students. METHODS: Sixty-nine college preparatory students participated in the study. AB was evaluated by the Oral Behaviors Checklist (OBC) and a smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA; [Bruxapp®]). Anxiety and depression were measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, stress was evaluated by the Perceived Stress Scale, and OHRQoL was obtained by The Oral Health Impact Profile-14. Data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient (α = 0.05). RESULTS: The average EMA-reported frequency of AB behaviors was 38.4%. Significant correlations were found between AB and the OBC, anxiety, depression, stress, and OHRQoL (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: College preparatory students demonstrated moderate frequency of AB, which was significantly correlated with psychosocial factors.

The association of self-reported awake bruxism with anxiety, depression, pain threshold at pressure, pain vigilance, and quality of life in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to evaluate whether the presence of awake bruxism was associated with temporomandibular dysfunction symptoms, pain threshold at pressure, pain vigilance, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), and anxiety and depression symptoms in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. METHODOLOGY: This observational study followed patients who had started receiving orthodontic treatment for six months. The following variables were measured three times (at baseline, one month, and six months): pressure pain threshold (PPT) in the right and left masseter, anterior temporalis, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ), and right forearm; pain vigilance and awareness questionnaire; and shortened form of the oral health impact profile (OHIP-14). Anxiety and depression symptoms were measured using the Beck anxiety inventory and the Beck depression inventory, respectively. The patients were divided into two main groups according to the presence (n=56) and absence (n=58) of possible awake bruxism. The multi-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied on the date (p=0.050). RESULTS: TMJ and/or muscle pain were not observed in both groups. Time, sex, age group, and awake bruxism did not affect the PPT in the masticatory muscles and pain vigilance (p>0.050). However, the primary effect of awake bruxism was observed when anxiety (ANOVA: F=8.61, p=0.004) and depression (ANOVA: F=6.48, p=0.012) levels were higher and the OHRQoL was lower (ANOVA: F=8.61, p=0.004). CONCLUSION: The patients with self-reported awake bruxism undergoing an orthodontic treatment did not develop TMJ/masticatory muscle pain. The self-reported awake bruxism is associated with higher anxiety and depression levels and a poorer OHRQoL in patients during the orthodontic treatment.

The association of self-reported awake bruxism with anxiety, depression, pain threshold at pressure, pain vigilance, and quality of life in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate whether the presence of awake bruxism was associated with temporomandibular dysfunction symptoms, pain threshold at pressure, pain vigilance, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), and anxiety and depression symptoms in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Methodology This observational study followed patients who had started receiving orthodontic treatment for six months. The following variables were measured three times (at baseline, one month, and six months): pressure pain threshold (PPT) in the right and left masseter, anterior temporalis, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ), and right forearm; pain vigilance and awareness questionnaire; and shortened form of the oral health impact profile (OHIP-14). Anxiety and depression symptoms were measured using the Beck anxiety inventory and the Beck depression inventory, respectively. The patients were divided into two main groups according to the presence (n=56) and absence (n=58) of possible awake bruxism. The multi-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied on the date (p=0.050). Results TMJ and/or muscle pain were not observed in both groups. Time, sex, age group, and awake bruxism did not affect the PPT in the masticatory muscles and pain vigilance (p>0.050). However, the primary effect of awake bruxism was observed when anxiety (ANOVA: F=8.61, p=0.004) and depression (ANOVA: F=6.48, p=0.012) levels were higher and the OHRQoL was lower (ANOVA: F=8.61, p=0.004). Conclusion The patients with self-reported awake bruxism undergoing an orthodontic treatment did not develop TMJ/masticatory muscle pain. The self-reported awake bruxism is associated with higher anxiety and depression levels and a poorer OHRQoL in patients during the orthodontic treatment.

Estados psicoemocionales y presencia de bruxismo en estudiantes de odontología peruanos / Psychoemotional States and the Presence of Bruxism in Peruvian Dental Students

RESUMEN El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la relación entre los estados psicoemocionales y la presencia de bruxismo en una muestra de estudiantes de pregrado de odontología de una universidad pública de Lima-Perú. La muestra estuvo conformada por 181 estudiantes seleccionados aleatoriamente. El bruxismo y los estados psicoemocionales estudiados: estrés, ansiedad (estado y rasgo) y depresión fueron medidos a través de instrumentos validados. Los resultados arrojaron una correlación baja pero altamente significativa (p<0,001) del bruxismo con el estrés, depresión y ansiedad estado. Se concluye que los estados emocionales contribuyen a la presencia de bruxismo en estudiantes de odontología.

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between psycho-emotional states and the presence of bruxism in a sample of students at a public School of Dentistry in Lima-Peru. The sample was 181 randomly selected students. Bruxism and the psycho-emotional states such as: stress, anxiety (state and trait) and depression were studied and measured through validated instruments. The results showed a low but highly significant correlation (p <0.001) between bruxism, stress, depression and the anxiety state. It is concluded that emotional states contribute to the presence of bruxism in dental students.

Prevalencia de Bruxismo y Estrés en Estudiantes de Odontología de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile / Bruxism and Stress Prevalence in Dentistry Students of the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

RESUMEN: El bruxismo corresponde a una actividad parafuncional de apretamiento dentario por acción de los músculos masticatorios. Dentro de los factores etiológicos del bruxismo, se encuentran estados emocionales como la ansiedad, depresión y situaciones de estrés, entre otros. Los estudiantes de Odontología, especialmente aquellos que se encuentran en su ciclo clínico, se someten a situaciones de alta exigencia que les generan estados de depresión, estrés y ansiedad. El objetivo de este estudio es medir la prevalencia de trastornos psicológicos como depresión, ansiedad y estrés y bruxismo en estudiantes de Odontología de 4to y 5to año de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Mediante el uso de cuestionarios y exámenes clínicos, utilizando el cuestionario de la Asociación Americana de Medicina del Sueño y la Escala de Depresión-Ansiedad y Estrés (DAS-21), se determinó que el 62 % de los estudiantes presentaron bruxismo, con predominio en mujeres. Todos los alumnos que presentaron bruxismo manifestaron niveles de depresión, ansiedad y estrés. Estas cifras son importantes a considerar como señal de alerta y para generar medidas preventivas y terapéuticas para disminuir el bruxismo y los trastornos psicológicos asociados.

ABSTRACT: Bruxism corresponds to a parafunctional activity of dental tightening due to the action of masticatory muscles. Within the etiological factors of bruxism, there are emotional states such as anxiety, depression and stress situations, among others. Dental students, especially those who are in their clinical cycle, are subjected to high demand situations that generate states of depression, stress and anxiety. The aim of this study is to measure the prevalence of psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety and stress and bruxism in 4th and 5th year of dentistry students of the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Through the use of questionnaires and clinical examinations, using the questionnaire of the American Association of Sleep Medicine and the Depression-Anxiety and Stress Scale (DAS-21), it was determined that 62 % of the students presented bruxism, with predominance in women. All of the students that presented bruxism, manifested levels of depression, anxiety and stress. These numbers are important to consider as a warning signal and to generate preventive and therapeutic measures that contribute to the reduction of bruxism and associated psychological disorders.

Prevalence of bruxism in undergraduate students.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of bruxism in students at the Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys in Brazil. The secondary objectives were to identify the factors associated with bruxism; prevalence of dental wear; and to distinguish the signs and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction when present, and verify its relationship with bruxism. METHODS: Two hundred fifty-three students (106 males, 147 females) were clinically examined and answered a questionnaire. Trained researchers performed the dental wear evaluation. The incisal edge and occlusal surface were classified as follows: no wear, wear into enamel, wear into dentin, and extensive wear into dentin. Demographic data and factors related to bruxism were obtained by a questionnaire. The participants who presented dental wear and habit of clenching/grinding teeth were classified as bruxers. The data were analyzed by the SPSS program (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The results showed that 31.6% of the students had bruxism. Of the 7084 teeth evaluated, 376 (5.3%) had some type of facet wear. The teeth that had the highest prevalence of wear facets were the canines. Stress, muscle pain, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain, and TMJ noise were significantly associated with bruxism (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of bruxism was 31.6% in this population. The factors most associated with bruxism were stress, muscle pain, TMJ pain, and TMJ noise.

Cross-sectional study of anxiety symptoms and self-report of awake and sleep bruxism in female TMD patients.

AIMS: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between levels of anxiety symptoms and prevalence of self-report of awake and sleep bruxism in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). METHOD: One hundred and eighty-one female patients, aged 19-77 years, were consecutively evaluated. The patients were selected from among those who sought treatment at the TMD and Orofacial Pain Outpatient Clinic of the Petrópolis School of Medicine. All patients completed the questionnaire and underwent clinical examination, both components of the RDC/TMD, in addition to answering questions pertaining to the assessment of levels of anxiety symptoms, taken from the Symptom Check List 90 self-report instrument. The subjects were classified according to the presence of self-reported only awake bruxism, only sleep bruxism, both, or none. A logistic regression procedure was performed to evaluate the possible association through odds ratio between anxiety symptoms and self-reported awake or sleep bruxism. The cofactors for each outcome were age, self-reported bruxism during the circadian period other than the one being evaluated, and the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. RESULTS: It was possible to demonstrate the presence of a positive and statistically significant relationship between anxiety levels and self-reported awake bruxism. This finding was not observed in those subjects who reported sleep bruxism. CONCLUSIONS: A positive relationship was found between self-reported awake bruxism and levels of anxiety symptoms, but not between sleep bruxism and anxiety.

Resultados de tratamiento estomatológico en niños con bruxismo / Results of the dental treatment in children with bruxism

Fundamento: el bruxismo es un hábito asociado al estrés y a las interferencias oclusales, las cuales pueden resolverse aplicando tratamiento estomatológico.Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad del tratamiento estomatológico en escolares de 5 a 11 años de edad con bruxismo. Métodos: se realizó un estudio con diseño de intervención cuasiexperimental del tipo antes y después, en todos los niños con bruxismo (52), con edades de 5 a 11 años, pertenecientes al Área de Salud II del municipio Cienfuegos. Para el diagnóstico de bruxismo se realizó examen bucal a cada niño, así como entrevistas a padres y maestros. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, sexo, grado de afectación del bruxismo, diagnóstico psicológico y síntomas y signos del bruxismo. Los resultados se presentan en tablas de números y porcentajes. Resultados: predominó la afectación mayor en las féminas de 6 a 11 años de edad y el diagnóstico psicológico de trastornos severos. Al analizar los signos y síntomas del bruxismo antes de la intervención, los más frecuentes fueron el rechinamiento dentario y el apretamiento dentario. Después de aplicado el tratamiento, más de la mitad de los niños afectados mejoraron su sintomatología en relación al estado inicial, lográndose una mejoría de más del 70 por ciento en el caso del dolor muscular. Conclusiones: se demostró la efectividad del tratamiento estomatológico en el mejoramiento de los signos y síntomas del bruxismo(AU)

Background: bruxism is a habit associated to stress and to occlusal disturbances which can be solved applying an odontological treatment.Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of the odotological treatment in students from 5 to 11 years with bruxism.Methods: a study of cuasiexperimental intervention design of type before and after in all the children with bruxim (52), with ages of 5 to 11 elderly years, belonging to Health Area II. Cienfuegos. An oral exam to each child was made; parents and teachers were interviewed as well. Studied variables were: Age, sex, the bruxism's grade of affectation, psychological diagnosis and symptoms and the bruxism's signs. The results present itself in draw of numbers and percentages.Results: the bigger affectation predominated in the female sex from 6 to 11 elderly years and the psychological diagnosis of severe disorders. When examining the signs and symptoms of bruxism before the intervention, the more frequent were the dental squeaking and the dental squeezing. After applying the treatment, more than the half of the children improved his symptomatology in relation to the initial status, and an improvement of over the 70 percent in the event of the muscular pain was achieved. Conclusion: the effectiveness of the dental treatment in the improvement of the signs and symptoms of the bruxism was demonstrated(AU)

Factors associated with temporomandibular disorders pain in adolescents.

To gain a better understanding of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) pain in adolescents, it is important to study the factors associated with its presence. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate potential predictors for TMD pain in adolescents, thereby including a diversity of factors from the biopsychosocial model to determine the strongest predictors. The sample of this cross-sectional study consisted of 1094 adolescents. The presence of TMD pain was assessed using the RDC/TMD, Axis I. Apart from demographical characteristics, the roles of parafunctional habits, psychosocial aspects, menarche and other bodily pain complaints were evaluated. Single and multiple logistic regression models were used to identify associations between the predictor variables and TMD pain. Painful TMD had a prevalence of 25·5%. Logistic regression analyses showed that TMD pain was associated with sleep bruxism (OR = 1·8 95% CI = 1·34-2·34), awake bruxism (OR = 2·1 95% CI = 1·56-2·83), other parafunctional habits (OR = 2·2 95% CI = 1·17-4·08) and bodily pain complaints (OR = 5·0 95% CI = 3·48-7·28). Parafunctional habits and other bodily pain complaints may play an important role in the presence of TMD pain in adolescents. Of course, it remains unclear whether the observed associations between the investigated factors and the adolescent's TMD pain have a true causal linkage.

Asociación del bruxismo con factores biosociales / Bruxism Association with Biosocial Factors

Introducción el bruxismo se define como el acto parafuncional de apretar los dientes, relacionado con factores locales, sistémicos, psíquicos y ocupacionales, generadores de una morbilidad que puede llegar a ser muy alta.Objetivo: determinar la asociación del bruxismo con factores bio-sociales.Método se realizó una investigación analítica de casos-controles, de enero a junio de 2012, en la Clínica Estomatológica de Bayamo, Provincia Granma. El universo fue de 435 pacientes de 35-54 años ingresados durante el período, la muestra de 80 pacientes, 40 para cada grupo. Las variables estudiadas fueron: bruxismo, nivel de escolaridad, vínculo laboral, interferencias oclusales, necesidad de rehabilitación protésica por desdentamiento y trastornos en la articulación temporomandibular, que clasificaron como cualitativa nominal dicotómica. A partir de sus frecuencias absolutas se determinó la asociación entre estas por la prueba X2 cuando p<0,05 y el Odds Ratio (OR), con intervalos de confianza del 95 por ciento (IC).Resultados mostraron la relación causal entre el bruxismo y el alto nivel de escolaridad (OR=6,40; IC=2,35-17,15), el vínculo laboral (OR=10,50; IC=3,39–32,52), las interferencias oclusales (OR=7,86; IC=2,79–22,16), la necesidad de rehabilitación protésica (OR=16,24; IC=5,39–48,91) y los trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular (OR=4,27; IC=1,53–11,88).Conclusiones: el vínculo laboral como elemento generador de estrés, la necesidad de rehabilitación protésica y los trastornos sobre la articulación temporomandibular por su influencia en la relación de oclusión fueron los factores causales que más influyeron(AU)

Introduction: bruxism is defined as the functional act of pressing the teeth, which is related with local, systemic, psychic and occupation factors that may cause a very high morbidity.Objective: to determine the bruxism association with biosocial factors.Method: an analytic control cases research was carried out, from January to June of 2012, at Dental Clinic of Bayamo, Granma Province. The universe comprised 435 patients between 35-54 years admitted during the period, and the sample was represented by 80 patients (40 for each group). The studied variables were: bruxism, education level, labor bond, occlusal interferences, necessity of rehabilitation denture for toothless and dysfunctions in the temporomandibular joint, classified as nominal qualitative dichotomy, considering the absolute frequencies, the association was determined among them by the test X2 when p < 0.05 and Odds Ratio (OR), with confidence intervals of 95 percent.Results: the results showed the causal relationship between bruxism with education level (OR = 6.40) IC [2,35 - 17,15], labor bond (OR = 10,50) IC [3,39-32,52], occlusal interferences (OR = 7,86) IC [2,79-22,16], the necessity of denture rehabilitation (OR=16 ,24) IC [5,39. 48,91] and the temporomandibular joint dysfunctions (OR=4 ,27) IC [1,53. 11,88].Conclusions: the labor bond as factor that causes stress, the necessity of rehabilitation denture were the causal factors of most influence due to its influence on the occlusion relationship(AU)

Effectiveness of two physical therapy interventions, relative to dental treatment in individuals with bruxism: study protocol of a randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Bruxism is a parafunctional habit characterized by grinding and/or clenching of the teeth. It may happen while awake (awake bruxism) or while sleeping (sleep bruxism). In adults, the prevalence is 20% for the awake bruxism and 8% for the sleep bruxism. Peripheral, central, and psychosocial factors influence the disorder, which may predispose to pain in the masticatory muscles and neck, headache, decreased pain thresholds in the masticatory and cervical muscles, limitation mandibular range of motion, sleep disorders, stress, anxiety, depression, and overall impairment of oral health. The aim of this study is to compare two distinct physical therapy interventions with dental treatment in pain, mandibular range of motion, sleep quality, anxiety, stress, depression, and oral health in individuals with bruxism. METHODS/DESIGN: Participants will be randomized into one of three groups: Group 1 (n=24) intervention will consist of massage and stretching exercises; Group 2 (n=24) will consist of relaxation and imagination therapies; and Group 3 (n=24) will receive dental treatment. The evaluations will be performed at baseline, immediately after treatment, and at 2-month follow-up. Pain intensity will be assessed using the visual analogical scale, while pain thresholds will be determined using dolorimetry. Mandibular range of motion will be assessed using digital pachymeter. Sleep quality will be assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, anxiety by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, stress by the Perceived Stress Scale-10, depression by the Beck Depression Inventory, and oral health will be assessed using the Oral Health Impact Profile--14. Significance level will be determined at the 5% level. DISCUSSION: This project describes the randomization method that will be used to compare two physical therapy interventions with dental treatment in the management of pain, mandibular range of motion, sleep quality, anxiety, stress, depression, and oral health in individuals with bruxism. The study will support the practice of evidence-based physical therapy for individuals with bruxism. Data will be published after study is completed. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01778881.

Frequency of oral habits, dysfunctions, and personality traits in bruxing and nonbruxing children: a comparative study.

The aim of the current study was to compare personality traits, presence of oral myofunctional dysfunctions, and other parafunctional habits in bruxing and nonbruxing children. Fifty-four patients aged 10 to 15 years were seen at the Comprehensive Pediatric Dental Clinic and examined by dentists using the RDC/TMD; speech therapists and psychologists were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups: bruxing (A) and nonbruxing (B). Mean age was 13.1 years, S.D. 1.6. No significant differences in age or gender were found between groups. Group A comprised 44.44% of the population and showed a high frequency of middle conscientiousness scores and low frequency of low neuroticism scores. Presence of TMD, unilateral chewing, and high tongue tip position at rest were all significantly higher. Frequency of oral habits was higher in bruxers, who showed significantly increased gum chewing, and lip, cheek, and object biting compared to nonbruxing controls. Bruxism is considered a risk factor for temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD).

Are mental health problems and depression associated with bruxism in children?

OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have found an association between bruxism and emotional and behavioral problems in children, but reported data are inconsistent. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of bruxism, and of its components clenching and grinding, and its associations with mental problems and depression. METHODS: Data from two Brazilian birth cohorts were analyzed: one from 869 children in Ribeirão Preto - RP (São Paulo), a more developed city, and the other from 805 children in São Luís - SL (Maranhão). Current bruxism - evaluated by means of a questionnaire applied to the parents/persons responsible for the children - was defined when the habit of tooth clenching during daytime and/or tooth grinding at night still persisted until the time of the assessment. Additionally, the lifetime prevalence of clenching during daytime only and grinding at night only was also evaluated. Mental health problems were investigated using the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and depression using the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). Analyses were carried out for each city: with the SDQ subscales (emotional symptoms, conduct problems, peer problems, attention/hyperactivity disorder), with the total score (sum of the subscales), and with the CDI. These analyses were performed considering different response variables: bruxism, clenching only, and grinding only. The risks were estimated using a Poisson regression model. Statistical inferences were based on 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS: There was a high prevalence of current bruxism: 28.7% in RP and 30.0% in SL. The prevalence of clenching was 20.3% in RP and 18.8% in SL, and grinding was found in 35.7% of the children in RP and 39.1% in SL. Multivariable analysis showed a significant association of bruxism with emotional symptoms and total SDQ score in both cities. When analyzed separately, teeth clenching was associated with emotional symptoms, peer problems, and total SDQ score; grinding was significantly associated with emotional symptoms and total SDQ score in RP and SL. Female sex appeared as a protective factor for bruxism, and for clenching and grinding in RP. Furthermore, maternal employment outside the home and white skin color of children were associated with increased prevalence of teeth clenching in SL. CONCLUSIONS: Mental health problems were associated with bruxism, with teeth clenching only and grinding at night only. No association was detected between depression and bruxism, neither clenching nor grinding. But it is necessary to be cautious regarding the inferences from some of our results.

Asociaciones entre signos clínicos de bruxismo, ansiedad y actividad electromiográfica maseterina utilizando el aparato Bite Strip® en adolescentes de ultimo año de enseñanza media (secundaria) / Association between clinical signs bruxism, anxiety and masseteric electromyographic activity using the Bite Strip® device in adolescents in the last year of high school

El bruxismo consiste en una parafunción del sistema masticatorio. Su prevalencia varía según el medio diagnóstico entre un 6 y 90 por ciento, representando un trastorno de origen central. El gold standard para su diagnóstico es la polisomnografía con un registro de actividad electromiográfica, el que resulta costoso e incómodo para el paciente. Actualmente se ha desarrollado un dispositivo ambulatorio que registra la actividad electromiográfica maseterina (BiteStrip®) el cual sería más económico y cómodo. Existen estudios que demuestran asociación entre bruxismo, estrés y ansiedad y otros que se contradicen, por tanto el objetivo de este trabajo es determinar si existe asociación entre la presencia de signos de bruxismo y ansiedad en individuos de cuarto medio, junto con determinar la utilidad diagnóstica del BiteStrip®. Se utilizó una muestra de 20 alumnos de cuarto medio de un colegio particular de la comuna de Las Condes, Santiago, Chile, a los que se les realizó una encuesta de ansiedad, un análisis de modelos para cuantificar la presencia de facetas de desgaste, y un dispositivo interoclusal de 1mm de espesor para cuantificar actividad de bruxismo. A los que presentaron mayor actividad de bruxismo se les midió la actividad electromiográfica maseterina con un aparato que la registra (BiteStrip®) para cuantificar la intensidad de bruxismo. No se encontraron asociaciones estadísticamente significativas entre ansiedad y signos de bruxismo. En conclusión: En base a la metodología utilizada no se observó asociación entre ansiedad y signos de bruxismo. El BiteStrip resulta un elemento de diagnóstico complementario sencillo, cómodo, útil y fidedigno para el bruxismo, sin embargo, se sugieren más estudios.

Bruxism is a parafunction of masticatory system. The prevalence depends of the diagnosis method, between a 6 and 90 percent. Diagnosis gold standard is polysomnography with an electromyographic study, that results umconfortable and expensive to the patient. BiteStrip® is an exact, economical device for single use to diagnose bruxism. It detects the existence and the intensity of bruxism, and can be used by the patient at home. It has to be applied on the cheek over the masseter muscle. Any bruxism interval will be counted internally and recorded by the BiteStrip. The result represents the area of the recorded intervals and is shown by a permanent electrochemical display. Some studies have show association between bruxism, stress and anxiety, but others do not demonstrate this association. Because of that the objective of this study is to determinate if association between the presence of bruxism signs and anxiety in high school students exists, along with determining BiteStrip® diagnosis utility. A sample of 20 last year high school students of a particular school located in Las Condes, Santiago, Chile was used. To determine anxiety we used a quiz, for attrition we used a model analysis and a interoclusal device to quantify bruxism activity. BiteStrip® was used to determine bruxism intensity in students who present more bruxism activity. We did not find statistically significant association between anxiety and bruxism signs. In conclusion based on the methodology used there was no association between anxiety and signs of bruxism. The BiteStrip is a complementary diagnostic element simple, convenient, useful and reliable for bruxism, however, suggests further studies.

Childhood bruxism: a clinical review and case report.

The present case report refers to a patient who reported to the department with the complaint of teeth grinding (Bruxism). A brief review of the literature is reported concerning the aetiology, clinical diagnosis and the therapeutic approach of the disease.

Childhood bruxism: a clinical review and case report / Bruxismo infantil: revisión clínica y reporte de un caso

The present case report refers to a patient who reported to the department with the complaint of teeth grinding (Bruxism). A brief review of the literature is reported concerning the aetiology, clinical diagnosis and the therapeutic approach of the disease.

El presente reporte de caso se refiere a un paciente que acudió al departamento aquejado por el hábito de apretar y rechinar los dientes (bruxismo). Se hace una breve revisión de la literatura relacionada con la etiología, diagnóstico clínico, y enfoque terapéutico de la enfermedad.

Bruxómanos presentan un estilo de personalidad distintivo / Bruxers presents a distinctive style of personality

El objetivo del presente protocolo de investigación fue describir características de personalidad basadas en el modelo teórico de Theodore Millón en sujetos con y sin bruxismo. La población escogida fue la de los estudiantes de la Escuela de Odontología de la Universidad de Chile. La muestra de estudio fue conformada por 62 sujetos, 35 Bruxómanos y 27 No-bruxómanos. El diseño del estudio fue de carßcter comparativo. Las respuestas del Inventario Millón de Estilos de Personalidad (MIPS) fueron comparadas entre ambos grupos. Los resultados muestran que los Bruxómanos poseen características de personalidad distintivas en comparación con los No-Broxómanos sobre todo en las metas motivacionales y el área interpersonal.

The purpose of this research protocol was to describe personality characteristics based on Theodore Millón 's theoretical model in subjects with and without bruxism. The chosen population was students of the Dental School of University of Chile. The study sample was conformed by 62 subjects, 35 Bruxers and 27 non-bruxers. The study design was a comparative study. MIPS personality test results were compared among both groups. Results show that bruxers do possess distinctive personality characteristics in comparison with non-bruxers especially in the motivational goals and interpersonal area.