Luxación carpometacarpiana múltiple / Multiple carpometacarpal dislocation

Presentamos el caso de un paciente varón de 37 años que llegó al servicio de urgencias a raíz de traumatismo de alta energía (caída en bicicleta). Previa valoración inicial y una vez descartadas lesiones vitales. se objetiva dolor y deformidad en muñeca derecha, por lo que se realiza radiografía simple que demuestra una luxación carpometacarpiana de los cinco radios de la mano. Se procede a la reducción quirúrgica bajo anestesia y fijación interna, restableciendo la relación anatómica normal. La luxación carpometacarpiana es una lesión poco frecuente y en ocasiones difícil de diagnosticar por lo que puede pasar desapercibida. No existe una evidencia clara con respecto al método diagnóstico y tratamiento específico de éste tipo de lesiones. De todas formas, las recomendaciones son una correcta reducción y osteosíntesis articular para alcanzar un resultado satisfactorio y función de agarre

Reporte de caso: luxación simultánea carpometacarpiana del pulgar y los cuatro dedos / Case report: simultaneous carpometacarpal dislocation of the thumb and four fingers / Relato de caso: deslocamento carpometacarpal simultâneo do polegar e quatro dedos

Introducción: Las luxaciones carpo-metacarpianas son lesiones poco frecuentes, que van del 0.5 al 1% de las luxaciones de los huesos de la mano. Siendo extremadamente infrecuente la luxación simultanea de los 5 dedos. Objetivo: El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es documentar una lesión poco frecuente producida en un paciente asistido en nuestro centro. Así como realizar una puesta a punto sobre las medidas diagnósticas y terapéuticas de dicha lesión. Caso clínico: Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 63 años, diestro, artesano en hierro y madera, que sufre un accidente de tránsito de alta energía en moto versus auto, sufriendo traumatismo en mano derecha, sin presentar otros traumatismos. De la exploración física, en el departamento de emergencia, se constata la mano derecha dolorida con gran deformidad en dorso. Se diagnosticó: luxación dorsal carpo-metacarpiano de los 5 metacarpianos, con fractura del sector distal del trapecio, trapezoide, hueso grande y ganchoso. Se realizó reducción cerrada en block quirúrgico con anestesia general, siendo la reducción inestable se colocan agujas de Kirschner para su estabilización. Se confecciona, además, una férula de yeso de protección. Se solicitó una tomografía computada de control donde se objetiva buena reducción de las 5 articulaciones carpo-metacarpianas. Se retiraron las agujas de Kirschner a las 6 semanas. A los 3 meses de la lesión presenta una mano indolora, con buen rango de movilidad, con disminución a la fuerza prensil máxima comparada con la contralateral. El paciente reanuda sus tareas, incorporándose totalmente al trabajo a los 6 meses. Presenta, al año de la cirugía, un score de DASH excelente. Discusión: Las luxaciones de los 5 metacarpianos son lesiones extremadamente raras. Se han reportado en el mundo menos de 20 casos. A pesar de los elementos clínicos sugestivos, el diagnostico de esta lesión es difícil, siendo fundamental contar con un enfoque radiológico de perfil estricto de mano. Los resultados de esta lesión son inciertos, la función de la mano y la muñeca se mantiene pero frecuentemente asociado a una reducción de fuerza prensil. Este tipo de trauma lleva, en mayor o menor grado, al desarrollo de artrosis carpo metacarpiana a largo plazo.

Introduction: Carpometacarpal join dislocations, are really infrequent injuries, with an incidence that goes from 0,5 to 1% of all bone hand dislocations. Being extremely rare the simultaneous luxation of all five fingers. Objectives: Our work objective is to report a very infrequent injury found on a patient treated at our medical center. As well as getting up to date with diagnosis and treatment of such injury. Clinical case: A 63 year old male case is presented, right-handed, wood and iron artisan, who was involved in a high-impact car crush against a motorbike, suffering a trauma on his right hand, without any other injuries. At the emergency room, the physical examination showed a painful right hand deformed on the back. His diagnosis was dorsal carpometacarpal luxation of all 5 metacarpus, with a distal fracture of the trapezium, trapezoid, capitate and hamate bones. A closed reduction at the surgical room was performed, with general anesthesia, being the reduction unstable therefore Kirschner needles were used for stabilization. A plaster cast was used for its protection. A control tomography was performed showing good reduction of all 5 carpometacarpal joints. Kirschner needles were taken out 6 weeks later, at which point the rehabilitation program was started with the physiatrist team. Three months after the injury, the hand was painless, with a good range of movement, a diminished maximum catching strength compared with the other hand. The patient restarted his usual chores, fully reincorporating to his job 6 months later. He presents an excellent DASH score one year after surgery. Discussion: Luxation of all 5 metacarpus is an extremely rare injury. It has been reported less than 20 cases worldwide. In spite of clinical suggestive elements, the diagnosis of this injury is quite difficult, being of great importance to count with x-rays with a straight profile incidence of the hand. The results of this injury are uncertain; the functionality of the hand and wrist is frequently sustained associated with a reduction of the catching strength. This type of trauma will end up developing in greater or lesser degree, long term carpometacarpal arthrosis.

Introdução: As luxações carpo-metacarpianas são lesões raras, variando de 0,5 a 1% das luxações dos ossos da mão. O deslocamento simultâneo dos 5 dedos é extremamente incomum. Objetivo: O objetivo do nosso trabalho é documentar uma lesão rara produzida em um paciente assistido em nosso centro. Bem como realizar um set-up nas medidas diagnósticas e terapêuticas da referida lesão. Caso clínico: O caso de um homem de 63 anos, destro, artesão em ferro e madeira, que sofre um acidente de motocicleta de alta energia em uma motocicleta contra um carro, sofrendo traumatismo em sua mão direita, sem apresentar outras lesões, é apresentado. A partir do exame físico no pronto-socorro, há uma dor na mão direita com grande deformidade nas costas. Foi diagnosticado: luxação metacarpal do dorsal do carpo dos 5 metacarpos, com fratura do setor trapézio distal, trapézio, osso grande e hamato. Uma redução fechada foi realizada em um bloco cirúrgico com anestesia geral, com a redução instável sendo colocada com fios K para estabilização. Uma tala de gesso protetora também é feita. Solicitou-se tomografia computadorizada de controle, onde foi observada boa redução das 5 articulações carpo-metacarpianas. Os fios de Kirschner foram removidos às 6 semanas. Aos 3 meses após a lesão, ele apresenta uma mão indolor, com boa amplitude de mobilidade, com diminuição da força preênsil máxima em comparação com a força contralateral. O paciente retoma suas tarefas, ingressando totalmente no trabalho aos 6 meses. Um excelente escore DASH é apresentado um ano após a cirurgia. Discussão: As luxações dos 5 metacarpos são lesões extremamente raras. Menos de 20 casos foram relatados no mundo. Apesar dos elementos clínicos sugestivos, o diagnóstico dessa lesão é difícil, sendo fundamental a abordagem radiológica do perfil estrito da mão. Os resultados dessa lesão são incertos, a função da mão e do punho é mantida, mas freqüentemente associada a uma redução na força de preensão. Este tipo de trauma leva, em maior ou menor grau, ao desenvolvimento de artrose metacarpal do carpo a longo prazo.

Optimal Oblique Radiographs to Identify Fifth Carpometacarpal Dorsal Subluxations: A Cadaveric Study.

PURPOSE: Carpometacarpal (CMC) joint subluxations of the fifth finger are rare injuries and are notoriously difficult to diagnose due to severe swelling and overlapping of bones on radiographs. Various radiographic studies have been suggested to identify these injuries. We hypothesize that there will be no difference between various oblique radiographs for detection of a fifth finger CMC subluxation. METHODS: Using 4 cadaveric specimens, we took radiographs at various angles (0°, 30°, 45°, and 60°) with the fifth metacarpal in anatomic position, subluxated 25% and 50% dorsally. Radiology and orthopedic residents, fellows, and attending physicians viewed each image to determine whether a subluxation was present. Data were analyzed using area under the receiver operating curve, sensitivity, and specificity. RESULTS: A total of 36 responses were obtained from 9 radiologists (4 residents, 3 fellows, 2 attendings) and 27 orthopedic surgeons (16 residents, 8 fellows, 3 attendings). Radiographs taken at 60° were more sensitive and specific (Sn 85, Sp 60) than at 0° (Sn 64, Sp 33), 30° (Sn 84, Sp 47), or 45° (Sn 80, Sp 49). Area under the receiver operating curve was also higher for 60° (0.87) than 0° (0.59), 30° (0.75), and 45° (0.75). CONCLUSIONS: Sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating curve were highest for 60° radiographs. We recommend obtaining radiographs of the hand in 60° of pronation from the lateral if there is suspicion for a fifth CMC subluxation or dislocation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study suggests a simple radiographic view to enhance the diagnosis of fifth CMC subluxations.

[Multiple carpometacarpal fracture-dislocation]. / Fractura-luxación carpometacarpiana múltiple.

Multiple carpometacarpal fracture dislocations are rare lesions despite the increased number of high-energy traumatic injuries. These lesions result from high-energy traumas or, even more frequently, from fall mechanisms involving palmar flexion of the hand. The diagnosis usually requires specific X-ray views to prevent overlooking those lesions. A 27-year-old male presented at the emergency room in our hospital after sustaining a direct trauma on the right hand, in palmar flexion, resulting from a stair fall. The patient had severe inflammation of the dorsal aspect of the hand, pain, limitation, and complete functional disability. X-rays led to diagnosing fracture dislocation of the hamate, capitate and base of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th metacarpal bones. Treatment consisted of closed reduction under fluoroscopic control, fixation with Orthofix threaded nails and placement of a fiberglass cast in functional position for six weeks. The patient's clinical and radiological course was appropriate; healing of the hamate, capitate, and base of the 3rd, 4th and 5th metacarpal bones was attained without necrosis of the carpal bones. The Orthofix threaded nails were removed. After a period of functional rehabilitation the patient course was appropriate, without any functional limitation of the hand joints. This is an unusual lesion with only a few bibliographic references. We think that a specific X-ray study is fundamental to prevent overlooking these lesions. In this case our priority was reconstructing the base to assure articular continuity and stabilization with threaded Orthofix nails, given the high degree of instability of the lesion.

Fractura aislada del hamate y capitate en niño de 11 años. Reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura / Isolated fracture of the hamate and capitate in 11 year old boy. Case report and literature review

Las fracturas aisladas del carpo en niños con raras. Las fracturas que comprometen el capitate y el hamate simultáneamente y en planos diferentes son eventos extremadamente exóticos en niños. Reportamos el caso de un niño de 11 años de edad con esta lesión a quien se le realizó tratamiento conservador sin complicaciones.