Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 238
Filtrar
1.
Genome Biol Evol ; 15(9)2023 09 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37625795

RESUMEN

A range of different genetic architectures underpin local adaptation in nature. Honey bees (Apis mellifera) in the Eastern African Mountains harbor high frequencies of two chromosomal inversions that likely govern adaptation to this high-elevation habitat. In the Americas, honey bees are hybrids of European and African ancestries and adaptation to latitudinal variation in climate correlates with the proportion of these ancestries across the genome. It is unknown which, if either, of these forms of genetic variation governs adaptation in honey bees living at high elevations in the Americas. Here, we performed whole-genome sequencing of 29 honey bees from both high- and low-elevation populations in Colombia. Analysis of genetic ancestry indicated that both populations were predominantly of African ancestry, but the East African inversions were not detected. However, individuals in the higher elevation population had significantly higher proportions of European ancestry, likely reflecting local adaptation. Several genomic regions exhibited particularly high differentiation between highland and lowland bees, containing candidate loci for local adaptation. Genes that were highly differentiated between highland and lowland populations were enriched for functions related to reproduction and sperm competition. Furthermore, variation in levels of European ancestry across the genome was correlated between populations of honey bees in the highland population and populations at higher latitudes in South America. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that adaptation to both latitude and elevation in these hybrid honey bees are mediated by variation in ancestry at many loci across the genome.


Asunto(s)
Abejas , Quimera , Animales , Masculino , Aclimatación/genética , Aclimatación/fisiología , África , Altitud , Abejas/genética , Abejas/fisiología , Quimera/genética , Quimera/fisiología , Clima , Europa (Continente) , Genómica , Semen , América del Sur , Colombia
2.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) ; 13: 803226, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35282436

RESUMEN

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) secondary to 21-hydroxylase deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder. The 21-hydroxylase enzyme P450c21 is encoded by the CYP21A2 gene located on chromosome 6p21.33 within the HLA major histocompatibility complex. This locus also contains the CYP21A1P, a non-functional pseudogene, that is highly homologous to the CYP21A2 gene. Other duplicated genes are C4A and C4B, that encode two isoforms of complement factor C4, the RP1 gene that encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase, and the TNXB gene that, encodes the extracellular matrix glycoprotein tenascin-X (TNX). TNX plays a role in collagen deposition by dermal fibroblasts and is expressed in the dermis of the skin and the connective tissue of the heart and skeletal muscle. During meiosis, misalignment may occur producing large gene deletions or gene conversion events resulting in chimeric genes. Chimeric recombination may occur between TNXB and TNXA. Three TNXA/TNXB chimeras have been described that differ in the junction site (CH1 to CH3) and result in a contiguous CYP21A2 and TNXB gene deletion, causing CAH-X syndrome. TNXB deficiency is associated with Ehlers Danlos syndrome (EDS). EDS comprises a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of connective tissue disorders. As molecular analysis of the TNXB gene is challenging, the TNX-deficient type EDS is probably underdiagnosed. In this minireview, we will address the different strategies of molecular analysis of the TNXB-gene, as well as copy number variations and genetic status of TNXB in different cohorts. Furthermore, clinical features of EDS and clinical recommendations for long-term follow-up are discussed.


Asunto(s)
Hiperplasia Suprarrenal Congénita , Síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos , Hiperplasia Suprarrenal Congénita/complicaciones , Hiperplasia Suprarrenal Congénita/genética , Quimera , Colágeno , Variaciones en el Número de Copia de ADN , Síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos/complicaciones , Síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos/genética , Síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos/metabolismo , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Mutación , Esteroide 21-Hidroxilasa/genética , Tenascina/genética
3.
Mol Genet Genomics ; 297(1): 33-46, 2022 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34755217

RESUMEN

Based on molecular markers, genomic prediction enables us to speed up breeding schemes and increase the response to selection. There are several high-throughput genotyping platforms able to deliver thousands of molecular markers for genomic study purposes. However, even though its widely applied in plant breeding, species without a reference genome cannot fully benefit from genomic tools and modern breeding schemes. We used a method to assemble a population-tailored mock genome to call single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers without an available reference genome, and for the first time, we compared the results with standard genotyping platforms (array and genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) using a reference genome) for performance in genomic prediction models. Our results indicate that using a population-tailored mock genome to call SNP delivers reliable estimates for the genomic relationship between genotypes. Furthermore, genomic prediction estimates were comparable to standard approaches, especially when considering only additive effects. However, mock genomes were slightly worse than arrays at predicting traits influenced by dominance effects, but still performed as well as standard GBS methods that use a reference genome. Nevertheless, the array-based SNP markers methods achieved the best predictive ability and reliability to estimate variance components. Overall, the mock genomes can be a worthy alternative for genomic selection studies, especially for those species where the reference genome is not available.


Asunto(s)
Biología Computacional , Técnicas de Genotipaje , Modelos Genéticos , Animales , Quimera/genética , Biología Computacional/métodos , Biología Computacional/normas , Conjuntos de Datos como Asunto , Genoma , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo/métodos , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo/normas , Genómica/métodos , Genómica/normas , Genotipo , Técnicas de Genotipaje/métodos , Técnicas de Genotipaje/normas , Fenotipo , Estándares de Referencia , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Selección Genética , Especificidad de la Especie , Zea mays/clasificación , Zea mays/genética
4.
PLoS One ; 16(10): e0257992, 2021.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34653197

RESUMEN

Triatomines are hematophagous insects of great epidemiological importance, since they are vectors of the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. Triatoma brasiliensis complex is a monophyletic group formed by two subspecies and six species: T. b. brasiliensis, T. b. macromelasoma, T. bahiensis, T. juazeirensis, T. lenti, T. melanica, T. petrocchiae and T. sherlocki. The specific status of several species grouped in the T. brasiliensis complex was confirmed from experimental crossing and analysis of reproductive barriers. Thus, we perform interspecific experimental crosses between T. lenti and other species and subspecies of the T. brasiliensis complex and perform morphological analysis of the gonads and cytogenetic analysis in the homeologous chromosomes of the hybrids of first generation (F1). Besides that, we rescue all the literature data associated with the study of reproductive barriers in this monophyletic complex of species and subspecies. For all crosses performed between T. b. brasiliensis, T. b. macromelasoma, T. juazeirensis and T. melanica with T. lenti, interspecific copulas occurred (showing absence of mechanical isolation), hybrids were obtained, none of the male hybrids presented the phenomenon of gonadal dysgenesis and 100% pairing between the chromosomes homeologous of the hybrids was observed. Thus, we demonstrate that there are no pre-zygotic reproductive barriers installed between T. lenti and the species and subspecies of the T. brasiliensis complex. In addition, we demonstrate that the hybrids obtained between these crosses have high genomic compatibility and the absence of gonadal dysgenesis. These results point to reproductive compatibility between T. lenti and species and subspecies of the T. brasiliensis complex (confirming its inclusion in the complex) and lead us to suggest a possible recent diversification of the taxa of this monophyletic group.


Asunto(s)
Quimera/genética , Variación Genética , Hibridación Genética , Insectos Vectores/genética , Filogenia , Triatoma/genética , Animales , Enfermedad de Chagas/parasitología , Enfermedad de Chagas/transmisión , Cromosomas de Insectos/genética , Análisis Citogenético , Femenino , Flujo Génico , Disgenesia Gonadal/genética , Disgenesia Gonadal/patología , Insectos Vectores/clasificación , Insectos Vectores/parasitología , Masculino , Reproducción/genética , Testículo/patología , Testículo/fisiopatología , Triatoma/clasificación , Triatoma/parasitología , Trypanosoma cruzi
6.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab ; 106(7): e2789-e2802, 2021 06 16.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33482002

RESUMEN

CONTEXT: The syndrome CAH-X is due to a contiguous gene deletion of CYP21A2 and TNXB resulting in TNXA/TNXB chimeras. OBJECTIVE: To analyze TNXB gene status and to clinically evaluate the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome phenotype in a large cohort of Argentine congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) patients to assess the prevalence of this condition in our population. METHODS: TNXB gene analysis was performed in 66 nonrelated CAH patients that were carriers of the CYP21A2 gene deletion. A molecular strategy based on multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and Sanger sequencing analysis was developed allowing for the detection of different, previously described TNXA/TNXB chimeras, named CH1, CH2, and CH3. The main outcome measures were TNXB status of CAH patients that were carriers of the CYP21A2 deletion in the homozygous or heterozygous state. RESULTS: TNXA/TNXB CH1 was found in 41%, CH2 in 29%, and CH3 in 1% of nonrelated alleles carrying the CYP21A2 deletion. Thus, overall 71% of alleles were found to carry a contiguous gene deletion. Sixty-seven percent of patients analyzed had a monoallelic form and 6% a biallelic form. All patients with the biallelic form had severe skin hyperextensibility and generalized joint hypermobility. CONCLUSION: Based on the high frequency of TNXB alterations found in CYP21A2 deletion carrier alleles, we recommend evaluating TNXB status in these patients, and assessing connective tissue dysplasia, including cardiologic alterations in positive cases. The number of patients undergoing cardiological evaluation should be expanded to determine the incidence of structural and functional abnormalities in this cohort.


Asunto(s)
Hiperplasia Suprarrenal Congénita/genética , Quimera/genética , Síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos/epidemiología , Tenascina/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Argentina/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos/genética , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Fenotipo , Prevalencia , Esteroide 21-Hidroxilasa/genética , Adulto Joven
7.
Plant Cell Rep ; 40(3): 507-516, 2021 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33389048

RESUMEN

KEY MESSAGE: Transgenic sugarcane expressing V-ATPase subunit E dsRNA affects growth and survival of Sphenophorus levis. Plants being sessile organisms are constantly confronted with several biotic and abiotic stresses. Sugarcane (Saccharum spp) is a major tropical crop widely cultivated for its sugar and other by-products. In Brazil, sugarcane plantations account for significant production losses due to Sphenophorus levis (sugarcane weevil) infestations. With the existing control measures being less effective, there arises a necessity for advanced strategies. Our bioassay injection experiments with V-ATPase E dsRNA in S. levis larvae showed significant mortality and reduction in transcription levels. Furthermore, we down-regulated the V-ATPase E gene of S. levis in transgenic sugarcane using an RNAi approach. The resultant RNAi transgenic lines exhibited reduction in larval growth and survival, without compromising plant performance under controlled environment. Our results illustrate that RNAi-mediated down-regulation of key genes is a promising approach in imparting resistance to sugarcane weevil.


Asunto(s)
Saccharum/genética , ATPasas de Translocación de Protón Vacuolares/genética , Gorgojos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Animales , Animales Modificados Genéticamente , Quimera , Expresión Génica , Control de Insectos , Proteínas de Insectos/genética , Larva , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente , Interferencia de ARN , ARN Bicatenario/genética , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Saccharum/fisiología , Gorgojos/genética
8.
Plant Cell Rep ; 40(1): 171-186, 2021 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33079280

RESUMEN

KEY MESSAGE: Reciprocal effects were found for tomato fruit quality and DNA methylation. The epigenetic identity of reciprocal hybrids indicates that DNA methylation might be one of the mechanisms involved in POEs. Crosses between different genotypes and even between different species are commonly used in plant breeding programs. Reciprocal hybrids are obtained by changing the cross direction (or the sexual role) of parental genotypes in a cross. Phenotypic differences between these hybrids constitute reciprocal effects (REs). The aim of this study was to evaluate phenotypic differences in tomato fruit traits and DNA methylation profiles in three inter- and intraspecific reciprocal crosses. REs were detected for 13 of the 16 fruit traits analyzed. The number of traits with REs was the lowest in the interspecific cross, whereas the highest was found in the cross between recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the same interspecific cross. An extension of gene action analysis was proposed to incorporate parent-of-origin effects (POEs). Maternal and paternal dominance were found in four fruit traits. REs and paternal inheritance were found for epiloci located at coding and non-coding regions. The epigenetic identity displayed by the reciprocal hybrids accounts for the phenotypic differences among them, indicating that DNA methylation might be one of the mechanisms involved in POEs.


Asunto(s)
Metilación de ADN , Frutas/fisiología , Solanum lycopersicum/fisiología , Quimera , Cruzamientos Genéticos , Calidad de los Alimentos , Frutas/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Genotipo , Solanum lycopersicum/genética , Fenotipo , Fitomejoramiento , Polimorfismo Genético
9.
JBRA Assist Reprod ; 25(1): 155-161, 2021 02 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33118717

RESUMEN

In March 2019 Japan modified its norms regarding research with human/non-human chimeras. The amended rules allow the creation of chimeras with human brain cells, and the subsequent transfer of the resulting creature to an uterus, where it can develop for more than 14 days, eventually until term. At this moment, the real consequences of this new regulation in actual research are still uncertain. However, many concerning issues have already been identified. This paper will start by addressing traditional topics involving this practice: the use of non-human animals in research, the use of human stem cells in scientific experimentation and the creation of human/non-human chimeras. Subsequently, it will analyze the new concerning issues brought on by the 2019 amendment: the use of human brain cells, the transfer of the chimera to an uterus and its development for more than 14 days, and the possibility of using animals which present close similarities with humans. In the end, the paper will conclude that in spite of the legal and ethical hazards that this new regulation might carry, it should be allowed under strict scrutiny.


Asunto(s)
Quimera , Animales , Femenino , Humanos , Japón
10.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 57: e181086, 2021. tab, graf
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: biblio-1350237

RESUMEN

Malaria is nowadays one of the most serious health concerns in a global scale and, although there is an evident increase in research studies in this area, pointed by the vast number of hits and leads, it still appears as a recurrent topic every year due to the drug resistance shown by the parasite exposing the urgent need to develop new antimalarial medications. In this work, 38 molecules were synthesized via copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) or "click" chemistry, following different routes to produce 2 different organic azides, obtained from a 4,7 dicholoquinoline, reacted with 19 different commercially available terminal alkynes. All those new compounds were evaluated for their in vitro activity against the chloroquine resistant malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum (W2). The cytotoxicity evaluation was accomplished using Hep G2 cells and SI index was calculated for every molecule. Some of the quinoline derivatives have shown high antimalarial activity, with IC50 values in the range of 1.72-8.66 µM, low cytotoxicity, with CC50>1000 µM and selectivity index (SI) in the range of 20-100, with some compounds showing SI>800. Therefore, the quinolinotriazole hybrids could be considered a very important step on the development of new antimalarial drugs


Asunto(s)
Técnicas In Vitro/instrumentación , Cloroquina/administración & dosificación , Malaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Antimaláricos/análisis , Plasmodium falciparum/metabolismo , Investigación/clasificación , Resistencia a Medicamentos/efectos de los fármacos , Quimera/anomalías , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Química Clic
11.
J Chem Ecol ; 46(9): 906-915, 2020 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32715406

RESUMEN

Following damage by herbivores, many plants release volatiles that dissuade future conspecifics from feeding. In many crop plants however, induced volatiles mediating this kind of interactions among plants, herbivores and also their natural enemies have been altered through the process of domestication. The selection of crops for increased yield may have gone at a cost of defense, possibly including defense-related volatiles. Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), a specialist leafhopper that only feeds on Zea spp., is a vector of Corn Stunt Spiroplasma, a serious maize disease. Here, we compared the volatiles released following D. maidis attack by a maize landrace and two maize hybrids of temperate and tropical background. Also, we performed behavioral assays with the leafhopper contrasting healthy non-attacked maize seedlings versus attacked seedlings. The maize landrace produced more than 6-fold larger quantities of induced volatiles compared to the maize hybrids after herbivory. Corn leafhopper females were able to detect and significantly preferred the odors of healthy seedlings over the attacked ones only in the landrace. They did not discriminate between the attacked and non-attacked hybrids. Additionally, we found that the attraction of the parasitoid wasp Anagrus virlai (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) to its host was diminished in the tested hybrids. The parasitoid was able to detect the odors of the attacked landrace, however it was unable to discriminate between healthy and attacked maize hybrid plants. These results suggest that those more domesticated germplasms may have lost the ability not only to release volatiles that avoid colonization of future herbivores, but also to attract their natural enemies in a tritrophic system.


Asunto(s)
Hemípteros/fisiología , Herbivoria/fisiología , Interacciones Huésped-Parásitos , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/análisis , Zea mays/crecimiento & desarrollo , Animales , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Quimera , Conducta Alimentaria/efectos de los fármacos , Hojas de la Planta/química , Hojas de la Planta/crecimiento & desarrollo , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/farmacología , Zea mays/química
13.
Acta sci. vet. (Online) ; 47: Pub. 1660, May 21, 2019. ilus, tab, graf
Artículo en Inglés | VETINDEX | ID: vti-19611

RESUMEN

Background: Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the etiological agent of the Swine Mycoplasmal Pneumonia (SMP), one ofthe most economically significant diseases in the swine industry worldwide. Commonly used vaccines for SMP controlconsist of inactivated whole cells (bacterins). These vaccines are efficacious against M. hyopneumoniae challenge, but donot prevent colonization by the pathogen or completely eliminate pneumonia. P97 adhesin is conserved in the M. pneumoniae virulent strains, therefore it is an attractive target to be used in recombinant vaccines against M. hyopneumoniae.The aim of the present study was to evaluate protection afforded by rLTB-R1, a recombinant chimera composed by LTBfused with the R1 repeat region of P97 adhesin of M. hyopneumoniae, in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) piglets vaccinatedby intranasal or intramuscular route and challenged with a pathogenic strain of M. hyopneumoniae.Materials, Methods & Results: PCR products of the LTB and R1 coding sequences were fused, then cloned into pETDEST42™ expression vector. The rLTB-R1 was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) Salt induction (SI). The pigletswere divided into three groups: four piglets were intranasally vaccinated with 1 mg of rLTB-R1 solubilized in 1 mL of PBSat 0 and 14 days (IN rLTB-R1 group); four piglets were intramuscularly vaccinated with 1 mg of rLTB-R1 solubilized in 1mL of PBS at 0 and 14 days (IM rLTB-R1 group); three piglets were intranasally and intramuscularly inoculated with 1 mLof PBS (control group). Two weeks after the last immunization (28 day), piglets were intratracheally challenged with 10 mLof a suspension containing 109 color-changing unit (CCU) of pathogenic M. hyopneumoniae 7448 strain on three consecutivedays. Until the challenge (28 days), intranasal and intramuscular vaccination with rLTB-R1 induced seroconversions of antiR1 systemic antibodies of 1.6 and 4.6 ×, respectively. The IN rLTB-R1...(AU)


Asunto(s)
Animales , Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae , Neumonía Porcina por Mycoplasma/terapia , Quimera , Porcinos , Vacunas Virales/administración & dosificación , Adhesinas Bacterianas
14.
ACS Chem Neurosci ; 10(5): 2551-2559, 2019 05 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30893555

RESUMEN

Glycine receptors (GlyRs) are members of the pentameric ligand-gated ionic channel family (pLGICs) and mediate fast inhibitory neurotransmission in the brain stem and spinal cord. The function of GlyRs can be modulated by positive allosteric modulators (PAMs). So far, it is largely accepted that both the extracellular (ECD) and transmembrane (TMD) domains constitute the primary target for many of these PAMs. On the other hand, the contribution of the intracellular domain (ICD) to the PAM effects on GlyRs remains poorly understood. To gain insight about the role of the ICD in the pharmacology of GlyRs, we examined the contribution of each domain using a chimeric receptor. Two chimeras were generated, one consisting of the ECD of the prokaryotic homologue Gloeobacter violaceus ligand-gated ion channel (GLIC) fused to the TMD of the human α1GlyR lacking the ICD (Lily) and a second with the ICD (Lily-ICD). The sensitivity to PAMs of both chimeric receptors was studied using electrophysiological techniques. The Lily receptor showed a significant decrease in the sensitivity to four recognized PAMs. Remarkably, the incorporation of the ICD into the Lily background was sufficient to restore the wild-type α1GlyR sensitivity to these PAMs. Based on these data, we can suggest that the ICD is necessary to form a pLGIC having full sensitivity to positive allosteric modulators.


Asunto(s)
Regulación Alostérica/fisiología , Receptores de Glicina/fisiología , Regulación Alostérica/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Depresores del Sistema Nervioso Central/farmacología , Quimera , Cianobacterias , Etanol/farmacología , Espacio Extracelular/fisiología , Humanos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Membranas Intracelulares/fisiología , Isoflurano/farmacología , Canales Iónicos Activados por Ligandos/fisiología , Potenciales de la Membrana/efectos de los fármacos
15.
Mol Biol Rep ; 46(2): 1931-1940, 2019 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30710232

RESUMEN

The aim of the study was to characterize the type of aneuploidy present in the hybrid Urochloa ruziziensis × Urochloa decumbens and to confirm the origin of the additional chromosomes through comparative analysis of the hybrid and parental karyotypes. C and CMA banding techniques were used for chromosome differentiation. The parental genotypes showed 36 chromosomes. The hybrid presented plants with 36 + 2 chromosomes and plants with 36 + 1 chromosomes. Urochloa ruziziensis (4x) presented four chromosomes with CMA and C bands co-located in the terminal position. In U. decumbens, four chromosomes presented terminal CMA bands, eight chromosomes were distinguished by C banding with pericentromeric and terminal bands, one chromosome with terminal band at both ends and one chromosome presented one C terminal band. For the hybrid, CMA bands were found on five chromosomes and C bands on seven chromosomes, all in terminal position. Aneuploidy was identified in pairs 3' and 4' in the hybrid plants with 36 + 2 chromosomes, characterizing it as double trisomy. The karyotype of hybrid plants with 36 + 1 chromosomes indicated elimination of the additional chromosome identified in pair 4' and maintenance of trisomy on pair 3'. The comparative analysis of karyotypes indicates that the additional chromosomes that characterize the trisomy were inherited from U. ruziziensis (artificial tetraploid).


Asunto(s)
Quimera/genética , Poaceae/genética , Aneuploidia , Cromosomas de las Plantas/genética , Transferencia de Gen Horizontal/genética , Genotipo , Cariotipificación/métodos , Plantas/genética , Poaceae/metabolismo , Poliploidía , Trisomía/genética
16.
Bull Entomol Res ; 109(3): 279-286, 2019 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29665888

RESUMEN

The sterile insect technique (SIT) is a key element for the integrated management of pest populations of the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens, in Mexico. Its success depends on the survival of mass-reared sterile males and their ability to mate with wild females. However, colonization and mass-rearing conditions can adversely affect their ability to avoid predators. To test if colony management strategies could contribute to improve field survival abilities of mass-reared flies, we compared the survival of males exposed to the orb-weaver spider Argiope argentata. Males compared originated from three strains with different colonization strategies: (a) a colony started from field-collected wild flies (replacement), (b) a colony started by hybridizing wild males with mass-reared adapted females (hybrid) and (c) a colony started with mass-reared males selected on the basis of their survival ability and mating competitiveness in field cages (selected). Mass-reared males and wild males were used as controls. Males were exposed to spiders under laboratory cage conditions. Overall, wild males showed better survival ability than mass-reared males. Regarding the colonization approach, wild males survived better than a hybrid, replaced and selected males. We conclude that mass-rearing conditions have a strong negative effect on the ability of males to escape spiders. The colonization systems evaluated did not counter this effect. The lower survival of males from the selected colony suggests that the selection over one generation did not contribute to improve males' predator avoidance and escape abilities and probably needs to be modified. Possible explanations for this and implications on colonization and colony management for SIT purpose are discussed.


Asunto(s)
Crianza de Animales Domésticos/métodos , Conducta Predatoria , Arañas/fisiología , Tephritidae/fisiología , Animales , Quimera , Femenino , Masculino , Control Biológico de Vectores , Conducta Sexual Animal , Tephritidae/genética
17.
Acta sci. vet. (Impr.) ; 47: Pub.1660-2019. ilus, tab, graf
Artículo en Inglés | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1458058

RESUMEN

Background: Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the etiological agent of the Swine Mycoplasmal Pneumonia (SMP), one ofthe most economically significant diseases in the swine industry worldwide. Commonly used vaccines for SMP controlconsist of inactivated whole cells (bacterins). These vaccines are efficacious against M. hyopneumoniae challenge, but donot prevent colonization by the pathogen or completely eliminate pneumonia. P97 adhesin is conserved in the M. pneumoniae virulent strains, therefore it is an attractive target to be used in recombinant vaccines against M. hyopneumoniae.The aim of the present study was to evaluate protection afforded by rLTB-R1, a recombinant chimera composed by LTBfused with the R1 repeat region of P97 adhesin of M. hyopneumoniae, in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) piglets vaccinatedby intranasal or intramuscular route and challenged with a pathogenic strain of M. hyopneumoniae.Materials, Methods & Results: PCR products of the LTB and R1 coding sequences were fused, then cloned into pETDEST42™ expression vector. The rLTB-R1 was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) Salt induction (SI). The pigletswere divided into three groups: four piglets were intranasally vaccinated with 1 mg of rLTB-R1 solubilized in 1 mL of PBSat 0 and 14 days (IN rLTB-R1 group); four piglets were intramuscularly vaccinated with 1 mg of rLTB-R1 solubilized in 1mL of PBS at 0 and 14 days (IM rLTB-R1 group); three piglets were intranasally and intramuscularly inoculated with 1 mLof PBS (control group). Two weeks after the last immunization (28 day), piglets were intratracheally challenged with 10 mLof a suspension containing 109 color-changing unit (CCU) of pathogenic M. hyopneumoniae 7448 strain on three consecutivedays. Until the challenge (28 days), intranasal and intramuscular vaccination with rLTB-R1 induced seroconversions of antiR1 systemic antibodies of 1.6 and 4.6 ×, respectively. The IN rLTB-R1...


Asunto(s)
Animales , Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae , Neumonía Porcina por Mycoplasma/terapia , Quimera , Porcinos , Vacunas Virales/administración & dosificación , Adhesinas Bacterianas
18.
Dis Model Mech ; 11(11)2018 11 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30266803

RESUMEN

Xenografts of the hematopoietic system are extremely useful as disease models and for translational research. Zebrafish xenografts have been widely used to monitor blood cancer cell dissemination and homing due to the optical clarity of embryos and larvae, which allow unrestricted in vivo visualization of migratory events. Here, we have developed a xenotransplantation technique that transiently generates hundreds of hematopoietic tissue chimeric embryos by transplanting murine bone marrow cells into zebrafish blastulae. In contrast to previous methods, this procedure allows mammalian cell integration into the fish developmental hematopoietic program, which results in chimeric animals containing distinct phenotypes of murine blood cells in both circulation and the hematopoietic niche. Murine cells in chimeric animals express antigens related to (i) hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, (ii) active cell proliferation and (iii) myeloid cell lineages. We verified the utility of this method by monitoring zebrafish chimeras during development using in vivo non-invasive imaging to show novel murine cell behaviors, such as homing to primitive and definitive hematopoietic tissues, dynamic hematopoietic cell and hematopoietic niche interactions, and response to bacterial infection. Overall, transplantation into the zebrafish blastula provides a useful method that simplifies the generation of numerous chimeric animals and expands the range of murine cell behaviors that can be studied in zebrafish chimeras. In addition, integration of murine cells into the host hematopoietic system during development suggests highly conserved molecular mechanisms of hematopoiesis between zebrafish and mammals.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.


Asunto(s)
Quimera/embriología , Embrión de Mamíferos/fisiología , Embrión no Mamífero/fisiología , Hematopoyesis , Interacciones Huésped-Patógeno , Pez Cebra/embriología , Animales , Infecciones Bacterianas/patología , Blástula/trasplante , Células de la Médula Ósea/citología , Trasplante de Médula Ósea , Fusión Celular , Linaje de la Célula , Movimiento Celular , Rastreo Celular , Colorantes/metabolismo , Femenino , Larva/citología , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Células Mieloides/citología , Trasplante Heterólogo , Pez Cebra/microbiología
19.
Int J Med Mushrooms ; 20(7): 607-621, 2018.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30055553

RESUMEN

The genus Pleurotus is the third most commonly produced edible fungi in the world. In addition, species of genus Pleurotus have functional properties such as anticancer, antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, which are mainly attributed to phenolic compounds. For these reasons, this study evaluated the productivity and antioxidant activity (AA) of 2 wild strains (white and pink), 2 reconstituted strains (called "BB" and "RR"), and 4 hybrid strains (H1, H2, H3, and H4) of P. djamor from monokaryotic components (neohaplonts). The results showed that the white wild-type strain and the reconstituted strains exhibited the best production potential, expressed as biological efficiency and mycelial growth rate. The carpophores of hybrid strains H1 and H3 had the greatest AA, as evaluated with DPPH radical scavenging and reducing power assays, respectively. The H3 strain had the highest total phenol (TP) content. Pearson correlations led us to conclude that the mycelial growth rate has a regular inverse correlation with TP and a regular direct correlation with AA of methanolic extracts from carpophores and myce-lia. This is, to our knowledge, the first report in the literature about the effect of Pleurotus strain hybridization through a chemical de-dikaryotization process on TP content.


Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos/química , Antioxidantes/química , Fenoles/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Pleurotus/química , Verduras/química , Antiinfecciosos/aislamiento & purificación , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Quimera/genética , Quimera/crecimiento & desarrollo , México , Micelio/química , Micelio/genética , Micelio/crecimiento & desarrollo , Fenoles/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Pleurotus/genética , Pleurotus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Verduras/genética , Verduras/crecimiento & desarrollo
20.
PLoS One ; 13(5): e0197114, 2018.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29758068

RESUMEN

Although heterosis has significantly contributed to increases in worldwide crop production, the molecular mechanisms regulating this phenomenon are still unknown. In the present study, we used a comparative proteomic approach to explore hybrid vigor via the proteome of both the popcorn L54 ♀ and P8 ♂ genotypes and the resultant UENF/UEM01 hybrid cross. To analyze the differentially abundant proteins involved in heterosis, we used the primary roots of these genotypes to analyze growth parameters and extract proteins. The results of the growth parameter analysis showed that the mid- and best-parent heterosis were positive for root length and root dry matter but negative for root fresh matter, seedling fresh matter, and protein content. The comparative proteomic analysis identified 1343 proteins in the primary roots of hybrid UENF/UEM01 and its parental lines; 220 proteins were differentially regulated in terms of protein abundance. The mass spectrometry proteomic data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier "PXD009436". A total of 62 regulated proteins were classified as nonadditive, of which 53.2% were classified as high parent abundance (+), 17.8% as above-high parent abundance (+ +), 16.1% as below-low parent abundance (- -), and 12.9% as low parent abundance (-). A total of 22 biological processes were associated with nonadditive proteins; processes involving translation, ribosome biogenesis, and energy-related metabolism represented 45.2% of the nonadditive proteins. Our results suggest that heterosis in the popcorn hybrid UENF/UEM01 at an early stage of plant development is associated with an up-regulation of proteins related to synthesis and energy metabolism.


Asunto(s)
Quimera , Vigor Híbrido/fisiología , Proteínas de Plantas , Raíces de Plantas , Proteoma , Plantones , Zea mays , Quimera/genética , Quimera/crecimiento & desarrollo , Metabolismo Energético/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/biosíntesis , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Raíces de Plantas/genética , Raíces de Plantas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Proteoma/biosíntesis , Proteoma/genética , Plantones/genética , Plantones/crecimiento & desarrollo , Regulación hacia Arriba/genética , Zea mays/genética , Zea mays/crecimiento & desarrollo
SELECCIÓN DE REFERENCIAS
DETALLE DE LA BÚSQUEDA