Biosolid as an alternative source of nutrients in chrysanthemum cultivation.

The objective was to evaluate the biosolids as an alternative source of nutrients in the production of chrysanthemums by adding increasing doses to the cultivation substrate. The experimental design was in blocks with 6 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments consisted of the mixture (commercial substrate + biosolid) at the concentrations: 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% of biosolid + two controls (100% of biosolid and 100% of substrate). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse for 90 days. Physiological parameters, number of flower buds, dry biomass and nutrient accumulation were evaluated. Physiological parameters were evaluated using the Infrared Gas Analyzer. The number of flower buds was evaluated by counting. Biomass was determined after drying the structures and then calculated the accumulation of nutrients. A total of 90 plants were evaluated. Concentrations of up to 40% of biosolid promoted a greater number of flower buds, dry biomass and nutrient accumulation. Concentrations above 60% lower number of buds, biomass increment and nutrient accumulation. It is concluded that the biosolid has potential as an alternative source of nutrients in the cultivation of chrysanthemums, indicating concentrations of up to 40% and the nutrient content of each batch generated must be verified.

Cloning and characterization of ChiMYB in Chrysanthemum indicum with an emphasis on salinity stress tolerance.

v-myb avianmyeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog (MYB) transcription factors are key regulators of stress responsive gene expression in plants. In this study, the MYB gene, ChiMYB (GenBank accession No. KT948997), was isolated from Chrysanthemum indicum, and was functionally characterized with an emphasis on salinity stress tolerance. The full ChiMYB cDNA sequence (948 bp) encoded a typical R2R3 MYB transcription factor that contained 315 amino acid residues and two MYB domains. The temporal expression pattern of ChiMYB was noted in C. indicum, and the highest level was detected in the roots, followed by leaves and stems. ChiMYB expression was induced by NaCl treatments, and transient expression of the fusion of ChiMYB and green fluorescent protein (GFP) indicated that the protein was targeted to the nuclei of onion epidermal cells. Arabidopsis plants overexpressing ChiMYB displayed improved tolerance to drought and salt stress. When under salt stress conditions, transgenic Arabidopsis plants had higher survival rates than non-transgenic wild-type plants. Chlorophyll content, intercellular CO2 concentration, photosynthetic rate, and stomatal conductance were higher in the transgenic Arabidopsis plants than in non-transgenic control plants. Further investigation revealed that ChiMYB was able to regulate the expression of RD29A, RAB18, COR15, ABI1, and ABA genes, which are involved in salt stress signaling pathways. Our findings demonstrated that ChiMYB is essential for plant responses to salt stress, and it may have great potential for the improvement of salt tolerance in crops.

Mineral fertilization and organic fertilization on chrysanthemun growth / Adubação mineral e orgânica no desenvolvimento de crisântemo

The objective was to evaluated organic products in comparison with mineral fertilization in the growth of chrysanthemum crop. The experimental design was randomized blocks with seven treatments and nine replications. The treatments were T1 (100% of commercial substratum ­ CS+ mineral fertilization ­ AM1); T2 (100% of CS + AM2); T3 (100% of CS + AM3); T4 (100% of CS + AM4); T5 (70% of CS + 30% bovine manure); T6 (70% of CS + 30% of sheep manure); T7 (70% of CS + 30% poultry manure). The mineral fertilization was carried through fertigation with AM1 = (calcium nitrate 0,2g L-1, ammonium sulphate 0,4 g L-1, potassium nitrate 0,2 g L-1, magnesium sulphate 0,3 g L-1and mono ammonium 0,05 phosphate g L-1), in the dosage of 50 ml for pot, AM2 = ULTRAFLOR® (12% N, 6% P2O5, 12% K2O), applying 0,8g pot ­1, monthly, AM3= Nutriverde® = 13% N, 13% P2O5, 15% K2O, 1% Here, 4% S, 1% Mg, 0.05% B, 0.005% Co, 0.05% Cu, 0.2% Faith, 0.005% Me, 0.1% Zn, applying 2,6 g L-1 (100 m L pot ­1), fortnightly and AM4 =Ouro Verde® = 15% N, 15% P2O5, 20% K2O, applying 2,0 g pot ­1, fortnightly. It was evaluated the number of secondary stems, plant height, stem diameter and the inflorescences diameter, leaf number and inflorescences number and aerial fresh mass weight. The formulated mineral fertilization (T1) or manure of bovine (T5) or poultry (T7) is recommended. Among the commercial products the Nutriverde® is suggested to be used.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a utilização de produtos orgânicos em comparação com adubação mineral no desenvolvimento do crisântemo. O delineamento experimental foi blocos ao acaso, composto por 7 tratamentos, 9 repetições: T1 (100% de substrato comercial-SC+ adubação mineral-AM1); T2 (100% SC + AM2); T3 (100% SC + AM3); T4 (100% SC + AM4); T5 (70% SC + 30% esterco bovino); T6 (70% SC + 30% de esterco de ovinos); T7 (70% SC + 30% esterco de aves). A adubação mineral foi realizada na forma de fertirrigação com AM1 = (nitrato de cálcio 0,2g L-1, sulfato de amônio 0,4 g L-1, nitrato de potássio 0,2 g L-1, sulfato de magnésio 0,3 g L-1 e mono amônio fosfato 0,05g L-1), na dose de 50 ml por vaso; AM2 = ULTRAFLOR® (12% N, 6% P2O5, 12% K2O), aplicando 0,8g vaso-1, mensalmente; AM3= NUTRIVERDE® (13% N, 13% P2O5, 15% K2O, 1% Ca, 4% S, 1% Mg, 0,05% B, 0,005% Co, 0,05% Cu, 0,2% Fe, 0,005% Mo, 0,1% Zn), aplicando 2,6 g L-1, 100 mL vaso -1, quinzenalmente e AM4 =OURO VERDE® (15% N, 15% P2O5, 20% K2O), aplicando 2,0g vaso-1, quinzenalmente. Foram amostrados o número de hastes secundárias, altura de planta, diâmetro da haste e das inflorescências, número de folhas e de inflorescências e peso da massa verde da parte aérea. Recomenda-se a adubação mineral formulada (T1) ou a adubação com esterco bovino ou de aves. Dentre os produtos comercias, o nutriverde ® pode ser utilizado.

Qualidade pós-colheita de crisântemos (Dedranthema grandiflora) mantidos em soluções de ácido giberélico / Vase life of chrysanthemum (Dedranthema grandiflora) in gibberellic acid solutions

A manutenção da qualidade pós-colheita de flores de corte é extremamente importante para que todo o esforço empregado no aumento da produção seja compensado com a venda do produto. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de concentrações de ácido giberélico em solução conservante na manutenção da qualidade pós-colheita de cultivares de crisântemo. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos do acondicionamento das cultivares de crisântemo æFlippo', æRecital' e æBronze Repim', em soluções com 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100mg L-1 de ácido giberélico. A aplicação de ácido giberélico em solução conservante pós-colheita acelerou a senescência das flores e folhas das cultivares de crisântemo avaliadas.