Assistência à saúde de pessoas com doenças colorretais no sistema público a perspectiva do usuário / Health care for people with colorectal diseases in the public system: the user's perspective

Trata-se de um estudo de desenho misto, do tipo sequencial explanatório, sendo que na etapa quantitativa descritiva e transversal, objetivou-se analisar a demanda de atendimento de assistência de pessoas com queixas colorretais em Unidades de Saúde da Família no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS); e na etapa qualitativa exploratória, interpretar o mapa de cuidado de pessoas com adoecimento colorretal crônico no SUS (Parecer No. 210/2018 CEP/EERP-USP). Na etapa quantitativa aplicou-se um instrumento de coleta de dados, elaborado pelas pesquisadoras, com base na revisão de literatura, para caracterização sociodemográfica, clínica, terapêutica e de referência de participantes usuários da Estratégia Saúde da Família com queixas colorretais, mediante critérios de inclusão e exclusão, no período de abril a setembro de 2019. A análise estatística descritiva dos dados indicou, que do total de 107 participantes, predominou 78 (72,9%) que tinham idade acima de 60 anos, 64 (59,8%) eram do sexo feminino, 61 (57%) tinham até oito anos de estudos, 68 (63,65) com companheiro, 56 (52,3%) eram aposentados, 45 (42,1%) apresentavam renda de até um salário mínimo e 95 (88,8%) não possuíam plano de saúde privado, sendo que o encaminhamento para o nível secundário foi devido ao protocolo de rastreamento para 62 (57,9%) e 45 (42,1%) por queixa colorretal, todos haviam realizado a Pesquisa de Sangue Oculto e destes, 78% tiveram resultado positivo; todos os entrevistados haviam recebido encaminhamento para realizar a colonoscopia. Além disso, 78 (72,9%) eram sedentários; e 66 (61,7%) consumiam carne vermelha e 45 (42,1%) embutidos. A análise univariada da associação das variáveis hábitos de vida, resultado de colonoscopia, presença de alterações displásicas ou doença colorretal não foi estatisticamente significante entre consumo de carne vermelha, consumo de embutidos ou ambos com o desfecho de colonoscopia normal, displasia intestinal com potencial neoplásico e doença diverticular ou orificial. Estes resultados dimensionaram o contexto de atendimento desta clientela na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), auxiliando o refinamento dos critérios de seleção dos possíveis participantes da etapa qualitativa. A etapa qualitativa foi realizada, no período de junho de 2020 a julho de 2020, mediante os critérios de seleção: pessoas acima de 18 anos, de ambos os sexos, com diagnóstico colorretal crônico: Doença inflamatória intestinal ou Neoplasia colorretal em internação especialidade de Coloproctologia de um hospital universitário público, de assistência terciária/quaternária. Nesta etapa, os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas individuais em profundidade com 14 participantes, cuja caracterização sociodemográfica, clínica e terapêutica revelou internação para tratamento cirúrgico, com maior gravidade clínica, sendo que 13 apresentavam diagnóstico de Neoplasia colorretal. Utilizou-se questões norteadoras, diário de campo, observação não participante e participante para a obtenção dos dados, que foram interpretados com Análise Temática, fundamentado pela Epidemiologia Social. O Mapa de Cuidado construído por estes, iniciou-se com queixas e sinais/sintomas gastrointestinais, envolvendo situações de maior gravidade clínica, com sofrimento físico e psicoemocional; diagnosticados como parasitose, hemorroidas e anemia na APS, cujos tratamentos não foram resolutivos. Para esta interpretação, articulou-se as ações destes participantes às suas queixas, à condição socioeconômica, cultural e psicoemocional, assim como à capacidade de enfrentamento do adoecimento oncológico e dos tratamentos, no qual ocorreu a focalização da vida destes e de suas famílias nos acontecimentos clínicos e terapêuticos do contexto de atendimento terciário/quaternário. O acesso aos serviços do SUS ocorreu de diferentes maneiras, com utilização de estratégias que agilizaram e asseguraram a resolução do seu problema de saúde, sendo que o agir leigo foi uma produção social, no cotidiano do SUS, mediado pelos acontecimentos, pelas ações dos profissionais e de suas próprias ações ou pelo sistema de apoio social, enfatizando-se o sofrimento desta clientela na busca pela assistência à saúde. Este mapa de cuidado mostrou que o agir leigo constituiu uma regulação assistencial no SUS, tão importante quanto as outras formas, composto pelos vínculos dos pacientes com profissionais dos serviços dos níveis primário, secundário, terciário/quaternário, de suas necessidades e possibilidades, além dos pontos de acesso ao sistema. Estes resultados poderão contribuir na implementação da gestão de cuidados de pessoas com adoecimento colorretal crônico no SUS, dando voz e protagonismo àquele que busca pela assistência à saúde

This is a study of mixed design, of an explanatory sequential type, and in the quantitative descriptive and transversal stage, the objective was to analyze the demand for assistance from people with colorectal symptoms in Family Health Units in the Unified System Health (SUS); and in the qualitative exploratory stage, interpret the care map for people with chronic colorectal illness in SUS (Note Nº. 210/2018 CEP / EERP-USP). In the quantitative stage, a data collection instrument was developed by the researchers, based on the literature review, for sociodemographic, clinical, therapeutic, and reference characterization of participating users of the Family Health Strategy with colorectal symptoms, considering inclusion and exclusion criteria, from April to September 2019. The descriptive statistical analysis of the data indicated that, out of a total of 107 participants, 78 (72.9%) predominated who were over 60 years old, 64 (59.8%) were female, 61 (57%) had up to eight years of study, 68 (63.65) with a partner, 56 (52.3%) were retired, 45 (42.1%) had an income of up to one minimum wage and 95 (88.8%) did not have a private health plan, and the referral to the secondary level was due to the screening protocol for 62 (57.9%) and 45 (42.1%) due to colorectal complaints, all had carried out the Occult Blood Survey and of these, 78% had a positive result; all respondents had been referred for colonoscopy. In addition, 78 (72.9%) were sedentary; and 66 (61.7%) consumed red meat and 45 (42.1%) sausages. The univariate analysis of the association of the variables life habits, the result of colonoscopy, presence of dysplastic changes or colorectal disease was not statistically significant between consumption of red meat, consumption of sausages or both with the outcome of normal colonoscopy, intestinal dysplasia with neoplastic potential and diverticular or artificial disease. These results have dimensioned the context of care for this clientele in Primary Health Care (PHC), helping to refine the selection criteria of possible participants in the qualitative stage. The qualitative stage was carried out, from June 2020 to July 2020, using the selection criteria: people over 18 years of age, of both sexes, with chronic colorectal diagnosis: Inflammatory bowel disease or Colorectal neoplasia in Coloproctology specialty hospitalization of a public university hospital, of tertiary/quaternary assistance. In this stage, data were collected through in-depth individual interviews with 14 participants, whose sociodemographic, clinical, and therapeutic characterization revealed hospitalization for surgical treatment, with greater clinical severity, with 13 presenting a diagnosis of colorectal neoplasia. Guiding questions, field diary, non-participant and participant observation were used to obtain the data, which were interpreted with Thematic Analysis, based on Social Epidemiology. The Care Map built by them started with gastrointestinal complaints and signs/symptoms, involving situations of greater clinical severity, with physical and psycho-emotional suffering; diagnosed as parasitosis, hemorrhoids, and anemia in PHC, whose treatments were not effective. For this interpretation, the actions of these participants were linked to their complaints, to their socioeconomic, cultural, and psycho-emotional condition, as well as to their ability to cope with oncological illness and treatments, in which the lives of these and their families were focused on the events and therapeutic aspects of the tertiary/quaternary care context. Access to SUS services occurred in different ways, using strategies that streamlined and ensured the resolution of their health problem, and the lay agency as social production, in the daily routine of SUS, mediated by events, by the actions of professionals and their actions or the social support system, emphasizing the suffering of this clientele in the search for health care. This care map showed that the lay act constituted an assistance regulation in SUS, as important as the other forms, composed by the bonds of patients with professionals from the services of the primary, secondary, tertiary/quaternary levels, of their needs and possibilities, in addition to the access points to the system. These results may contribute to the implementation of the care management of people with chronic colorectal illness in SUS, giving voice and leadership to those seeking health care.

Trastornos funcionales digestivos y dolor abdominal: abordaje biopsicosocial / Digestive functional disorders and abdominal pain: biopsychosocial approach

Los pacientes que padecen trastornos funcionales gastrointestinales (TFG) son muy difíciles de tratar por el desconocimiento de la etiología de la enfermedad y las numerosas variables que se asocian a la misma. Esta revisión propone algunas estrategias para su manejo. El manejo inicial incluye tratamientos dirigidos a los síntomas y abordajes psicológicos como terapias breves dirigidas, entre otras cosas, a clarificar miedos a enfermedades graves. También se describe la importancia de explicarle al paciente en forma clara y precisa la fisiopatología de sus síntomas. El tratamiento de los TFG con antidepresivos ha mostrado efectividad, aún en ausencia de depresión

[Visceral hypersensitivity: a concept within our reach]. / Hipersensibilidad visceral: un concepto a nuestro alcance.

Despite significant advances in the recognition of etiological factors and pathological mechanisms, the pathophysiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGD) is still not fully understood. Visceral hypersensitivity has been recognized as a characteristic of patients with FGD, especially in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Visceral afferent input is modulated by a variety of mechanisms, operating between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. Dysfunction of these regulatory mechanisms could distort gastrointestinal perceptions. Recent findings suggest that in the majority of cases of IBS the primary abnormality may be at the periphery with alterations of the motor and secretory sensory activity. Although imaging techniques indicate that there are also differences in cortical activation. Furthermore, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors may benefit FGD. Recent pharmacological studies suggest that 5-HT3 antagonist such as alosetron and cilansetron, and 5-HT4 agonist such as legaserod and prucalopride may also have a potential use in FGD.

[Ogilvie's syndrome. A report of 3 cases]. / Síndrome de Ogilvie. Presentación de 3 casos.

INTRODUCTION: Lumbar spine surgery represents a common procedure in Neurosurgery. Ogilvie's Syndrome is an infrequent complication of lumbar disc surgery, characterized by acute paralytic ileum as a result of acute colonic dilatation without mechanical obstruction. CLINICAL CASES: We present the clinical data, surgical findings and evolution of three patients operated on for large lumbar disc herniation. They presented with unilateral lumbociatic pain related with physical effort and monoradicular deficit. Diagnosis was established by CT scan and all patients were operated on through a standard laminectomy. Abdominal pain, distention and lack of bowels sounds began on the second postoperatory day. This complication was avoided by conservative treatment and parenteral administration of neostigmine. Ogilvie's Syndrome appeared in 3 cases out of more than 1000 patients undergoing lumbar disc surgery and is characterized by acute colonic dilatation including cecal distention. Other lumbar disc surgery complications such as gastrointestinal perforation, urethral injury or intra-abdominal vessels damage were excluded. Conservative treatment including parenteral neostigmine was always sucessful.

Enteric-coated, pH-dependent peppermint oil capsules for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome in children.

In a randomized, double-blind controlled trial, 42 children with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) were given pH-dependent, enteric-coated peppermint oil capsules or placebo. After 2 weeks, 75% of those receiving peppermint oil had reduced severity of pain associated with IBS. Peppermint oil may be used as a therapeutic agent during the symptomatic phase of IBS.

A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of lidamidine HCL in irritable bowel syndrome.

BACKGROUND: We have previously shown electro-mechanical recto-anal alterations in irritable bowel syndrome patients (Awad R. Neurogastroenterol Motil 1993; 5; 265-271). To assess whether the alpha 2-agonist lidamidine HCL is able to modify these physiological alterations and alleviate clinical symptoms, 50 patients with irritable bowel syndrome were studied in a random, double blind, placebo-controlled trial. METHODS: Lidamidine HCL (4 mg) or placebo was taken orally t.i.d. with food. Fasting and post-prandial electrical and mechanical activities of rectum and internal anal sphincter were recorded before and at the end of treatment. Recto-anal sensitivity was also tested. RESULTS: After treatment, post-prandial duration of spontaneous recto-anal inhibitory reflex diminished in the lidamidine group (18.9 +/- 1 vs. 15.1 +/- 1.3 sec; p < 0.05). Amplitude of induced rectoanal inhibitory reflex decreased after lidamidine (24.6 +/- 2.9 vs 17.3 +/- 3 mmHg; p = 0.02). Rectal electrical activity showed no changes during basal and post-prandial periods in any group. Rectal painful sensation decreased after treatment with lidamidine (54.8 +/- 5.4 vs 43.6 +/- 3.5 ml; p < 0.05) as well as with placebo (p < 0.05). Abdominal distension and frequency, severity and duration of pain diminished in both groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Lidamidine decreased the augmented mechanical response to food, reduced rectal sensitivity, and relieved symptoms. These facts suggest that in spite of the strong placebo response obtained, lidamidine HCL can become a useful alternative for treatment of patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

Uso de probióticos en niños / Use of probiotics in children

En años recientes ha surgido el interés de estudiar la función de la microflora intestinal en varias condiciones clínicas, así como de evaluar formas de modificarla. Para alterar la microflora intestinal se han utilizado: probióticos, prebióticos y el uso simultáneo de ambos (simbióticos). Los probióticos son microorganismos vivos que tienen un efecto benéfico en el huésped. Los más utilizados son los Lactobacillus, aunque también se han observado beneficios con algunas especies de Saccharomyces, Bifidobacterium y Streptococcus. Para el crecimiento y actividad de estas bacterias se requieren prebióticos como los fructooligosacáridos. El uso de probióticos, prebióticos y simbióticos tiene beneficios en: diarrea, malabsorción de lactosa, síndrome de intestino irritable, alergia intestinal, cáncer, vaginitis, infecciones de vías urinarias e hipercolesterolemia. Se han realizado múltiples estudios utilizando probióticos, prebióticos y simbióticos; sin embargo, aún se requiere de mayor investigación antes de considerarlos como agentes de uso cotidiano.

A randomised bouble-blind placebo controlled trial of lidamidine HCL in irritable vowel syndrome

BACKGROUND: We have previously shown electro-mechanical recto-anal alterations in irritable bowel syndrome patients (Awad R. Neurogastroenterol Motil 1993; 5; 265-271). To assess whether the alpha 2-agonist lidamidine HCL is able to modify these physiological alterations and alleviate clinical symptoms, 50 patients with irritable bowel syndrome were studied in a random, double blind, placebo-controlled trial. METHODS: Lidamidine HCL (4 mg) or placebo was taken orally t.i.d. with food. Fasting and post-prandial electrical and mechanical activities of rectum and internal anal sphincter were recorded before and at the end of treatment. Recto-anal sensitivity was also tested. RESULTS: After treatment, post-prandial duration of spontaneous recto-anal inhibitory reflex diminished in the lidamidine group (18.9 +/- 1 vs. 15.1 +/- 1.3 sec; p < 0.05). Amplitude of induced rectoanal inhibitory reflex decreased after lidamidine (24.6 +/- 2.9 vs 17.3 +/- 3 mmHg; p = 0.02). Rectal electrical activity showed no changes during basal and post-prandial periods in any group. Rectal painful sensation decreased after treatment with lidamidine (54.8 +/- 5.4 vs 43.6 +/- 3.5 ml; p < 0.05) as well as with placebo (p < 0.05). Abdominal distension and requency, severity and duration of pain diminished in both groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Lidamidine decreased the augmented mechanical response to food, reduced rectal sensitivity, and relieved symptoms. These facts suggest that in spite of the strong placebo response obtained, lidamidine HCL can become a useful alternative for treatment of patients with irritable bowel syndrome. (Au)

A randomised bouble-blind placebo controlled trial of lidamidine HCL in irritable vowel syndrome

BACKGROUND: We have previously shown electro-mechanical recto-anal alterations in irritable bowel syndrome patients (Awad R. Neurogastroenterol Motil 1993; 5; 265-271). To assess whether the alpha 2-agonist lidamidine HCL is able to modify these physiological alterations and alleviate clinical symptoms, 50 patients with irritable bowel syndrome were studied in a random, double blind, placebo-controlled trial. METHODS: Lidamidine HCL (4 mg) or placebo was taken orally t.i.d. with food. Fasting and post-prandial electrical and mechanical activities of rectum and internal anal sphincter were recorded before and at the end of treatment. Recto-anal sensitivity was also tested. RESULTS: After treatment, post-prandial duration of spontaneous recto-anal inhibitory reflex diminished in the lidamidine group (18.9 +/- 1 vs. 15.1 +/- 1.3 sec; p < 0.05). Amplitude of induced rectoanal inhibitory reflex decreased after lidamidine (24.6 +/- 2.9 vs 17.3 +/- 3 mmHg; p = 0.02). Rectal electrical activity showed no changes during basal and post-prandial periods in any group. Rectal painful sensation decreased after treatment with lidamidine (54.8 +/- 5.4 vs 43.6 +/- 3.5 ml; p < 0.05) as well as with placebo (p < 0.05). Abdominal distension and requency, severity and duration of pain diminished in both groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Lidamidine decreased the augmented mechanical response to food, reduced rectal sensitivity, and relieved symptoms. These facts suggest that in spite of the strong placebo response obtained, lidamidine HCL can become a useful alternative for treatment of patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

Validación de la Escala de Mónaco en la práctica clínica: estudio multicéntrico con brumoro de pinaverio en el síndrome de intestino irritable (SII)

Objetivo: Validar la versión en español de la Escala de Mónaco como instrumento de medición de los síntomas y de la evolución del SII, tomando como referencia el curso de la sintomatología con manejo farmacológico (bromuro de pinaverio). Diseño: Estudio multicéntrico, aleatorizado, abierto, no compartido de tipo observacional. Participantes: 150 médicos seleccionados aleatoriamente y 620 pacientes procedentes de 6 regiones de Colombia. Intervención: Bromuro de pinaverio 100 mg. t.i.d. por tres días, luego de 50 mg t.i.d. por 12 días. Aspectos evaluados: Calcificación de 10 síntomas de SII, según la Escala de Mónaco, durante dos semanas (3 entrevistas: día 0, día 8, día 15). Test estadístico: X² exacto de Mantel-Haenzel. Resultados: la versión en español de la Escala de Mónaco se encontró fiable y sencilla de aplicar. El bromuro de pinaverio demostró especial eficacia en el control del dolor abdominal, la náusea y el tenesmo (p<10 )desde el 8 día de tratamiento. Conclusiones: Se demostró la viabilidad de realizar ensayos multicéntricos que midan la evolución sintomática del SII y estimen la respuesta a la terapéutica con un cuestionario fácil de aplicar

Tratamiento del colon irritable con lidamidina y psicoterapia de apoyo / irritable bowel treatment with lidamidine and support psicotherapy

A fin de evaluar la utilidad del tratamiento con lidamidina en pacientes de colon irritable, se realizó un estudio controlado doble a ciegas. Se incluyeron 40 pacientes con criterios de Manning, coproparasitoscópico, rectosigmoidoscopia y colon por enema normales. Aleatoriamente se integraron cuatro grupos de tratamiento: lidamidina con y sin psicoterapia de grupo y placebo con y sin psicoterapia de grupo, durante seis semanas. Después de un receso, se cruzó el tratamiento. Fueron evaluados 38 pacientes con un total de 76 observaciones. Mostraron respuesta favorable 94.7 por ciento y 68.4 por ciento de los que recibieron sólo lidamidina y placebo, respectivamante, y en quienes se adicionó psicoterapia, 84.3 por ciento y 63.2 por ciento. La diferencias con y sin psicoterpia no fue significativa. En forma global, hubo mejor respuesta con lidamidina que con placebo (89.5 por ciento vs 65.8 por ciento, p = 0.02). Las reacciones adversas fueron mínimas. La lidamidina puede ser un medicamanto de utilidad en el tratamiento del colon irritable

Reduction of post-prandial motility by pinaverium bromide a calcium channel blocker acting selectively on the gastrointestinal tract in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Growing evidence points to irritable bowel syndrome physiologically as a disease of the enteric nervous system characterised by hypermotility. The aim of this study was to investigate the action of pinaverium bromide a calcium channel blocker acting selectively on the gastrointestinal tract on basal and post-prandial recto-anal motility of 40 irritable bowel syndrome patients in a random, double blind and placebo controlled trial. METHODS: Pinaverium bromide (50 mg) or placebo was taken orally t.i.d. with food. Myoelectrical and mechanical activities of the rectum and the internal anal sphincter were recorded before treatment for 2 h in the fasting state and for an additional 2 h post-prandial. RESULTS: Post-prandial rectal spike amplitude and frequency as well as the spontaneous recto-anal inhibitory reflex frequency decreased after pinaverium bromide (P < 0.01) but not after placebo. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the calcium channel blockers acting selectively on the gastrointestinal tract may have a therapeutic role in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

[Treatment of irritable colon with lidamidine and support psychotherapy]. / Tratamiento del colon irritable con lidamidina y psicoterapia de apoyo.

To evaluate the usefulness of lidamidine treatment in patients with irritable colon syndrome, a controlled double blind study was carried out. Forty patients with Manning symptom criteria and negative screening to stool examination, rectosigmoidoscopy and barium enema were included. Four groups of treatment were randomly integrated: Lidamidine with and without group psychotherapy and placebo with and without group psychotherapy, for six weeks. After a washout period, treatment was switched. Thirty-eight patients with a total of 76 observations were evaluated. Favorable response was shown by 94.7% and 68.4% of those who received only lidamidine and placebo, respectively, and by 84.3% and 63.2% of those who additionally received psychotherapy. Difference with or without psychotherapy was not significant. Globally, response was better with lidamidine than with placebo (89.5% vs 65.8%, p = 0.02). Adverse reactions were minimum. Lidamidine can be a useful drug in the treatment of irritable colon syndrome.

Reduction of post-prandial motility by pinaverium bromide a calcium channel blocker acting selectively on the gastrointestinal tract in patients with irritable bowel syndrome

Background: Growing evidence points to irritable bowel syndrome physiologically as a disease of the enteric nervous system characterised by hypermotility. The aim of this study was to investigate the action of pinaverium bromide a calcium channel blocker acting selectively on the gastrointestinal tract on basal and post-prandial recto-anal motility of 40 irritable bowel syndrome patients in a random, double blind and placebo controlled trial. Methods: Pinaverium bromide (50 mg) or placebo was taken orally t.i.d with food. Myoelectrical and mechanical activities of the rectum and the internal anal sphincter were recorded before treatment for 2 h in the fasting state and for an additional 2 h post-prandial. Results: Post-prandial rectal spike amplitude and frequency as well as the spontaneous recto-anal inhibitory reflex frequency decreased after pinaverium bromide (P < 0.01) but not after placebo. Conclusions: These results suggest that the calcium channel blockers acting selectively on the gastrointestinal tract may have a therapeutic role in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. (AU)

Reduction of post-prandial motility by pinaverium bromide a calcium channel blocker acting selectively on the gastrointestinal tract in patients with irritable bowel syndrome

Background: Growing evidence points to irritable bowel syndrome physiologically as a disease of the enteric nervous system characterised by hypermotility. The aim of this study was to investigate the action of pinaverium bromide a calcium channel blocker acting selectively on the gastrointestinal tract on basal and post-prandial recto-anal motility of 40 irritable bowel syndrome patients in a random, double blind and placebo controlled trial. Methods: Pinaverium bromide (50 mg) or placebo was taken orally t.i.d with food. Myoelectrical and mechanical activities of the rectum and the internal anal sphincter were recorded before treatment for 2 h in the fasting state and for an additional 2 h post-prandial. Results: Post-prandial rectal spike amplitude and frequency as well as the spontaneous recto-anal inhibitory reflex frequency decreased after pinaverium bromide (P < 0.01) but not after placebo. Conclusions: These results suggest that the calcium channel blockers acting selectively on the gastrointestinal tract may have a therapeutic role in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

Antagonistas do cálcio e motilidade intestinal / Calcium antagonists and gastrointestinal motility

Os bloqueadores dos canais de cálcio reduzem a atividade contrátil do músculo cardíaco e músculo liso, reduzindo a entrada de cálcio nas células durante a excitaçao elétrica ou química da membrana celular. O presente artigo apresenta revisao da homeostase do cálcio no músculo liso intestinal e uso terapêutico dos bloqueadores dos canais de cálcio no tratamento da síndrome do cólon irritável. Sao revistas as características farmacodinâmicas e farmacocinéticas do brometo de pinavério, bloqueador dos canais de cálcio com açao seletiva no músculo liso intestinal. A seletividade intestinal é devida à absorçao intestinal reduzida após a administraçao oral e à baixa biodisponibilidade. Conseqüentemente, a concentraçao sistêmica desse agente após a administraçao oral nao é suficientemente elevada para produzir efeitos significativos no coraçao e vasos sanguíneos. Entretanto, as concentraçoes na parede intestinal podem produzir bloqueio significativo dos canais de cálcio no músculo liso intestinal, regulando assim a motilidade intestinal.