Plagiarism and Authorship Credit.

Literature being an expression of an author, its commodification historically has assigned a value to it primarily in terms of authorship credit. Arguably reproducing published content without attributing the requisite source, termed as plagiarism is ethically discrediting to this premise. However, simply weighing its proportion based on digitally assigned semantic similarity may not be completely justifiable in the present-day digital atmosphere. It should be noted that while technology can facilitate plagiarism detection, digitization by way of providing greater access to published content is also the facilitator of plagiarism. While the scientific community is often severe in its approach toward the act of plagiarism, there is still a lack of clarity around the code of conduct of the same as there are several grey areas related to such a misconduct on which the law remains silent. By revisiting the historical evolution of the credit of authorship and the copyright law this piece presents an analytical vista pertaining to plagiarism in a different light. By identifying the gaps in the present-day handling of these age-old concepts, one may find that there is an unmet need to revisit the legal aspects of handling cases of plagiarism taking into consideration the digital environment.

An invisible, robust copyright protection method for DNN-generated content.

Wide deployment of deep neural networks (DNNs) based applications (e.g., style transfer, cartoonish), stimulating the need for copyright protection of such application's production. Though some traditional visible copyright techniques exist, they often introduce undesired artifacts and compromise the aesthetic quality of the images. In this paper, we propose a novel invisible, robust copyright protection method, which is composed of two networks: the copyright encoder and the copyright decoder. The former projects the copyright information to the invisible perturbation with the drive of both the input of images and copyright information, thereby adding it to the image and yielding encoded images. The copyright decoder extracts copyright information from encoded images. Moreover, a robustness module is integrated to enhance the decoder's ability to decipher images against various distortions encountered on social media platforms. Furthermore, the loss function is elaborately designed, taking into account both feature space and color space, to guarantee the quality of encoded and decoded copyright images. Extensively objective and subjective experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Additionally, the physical test is conducted by posting the encoded images to social media (e.g., Weibo and Twitter) and downloading them to verify the feasibility of the proposed method in practice.

An evolutionary game analysis of algorithmic indirect copyright infringement from the perspective of collusion between UGC platforms and direct infringers.

User-generated content (UGC) is developing rapidly as an emerging platform form, however, the problem of indirect copyright infringement by algorithms is becoming more and more prominent, and infringement governance has become a key act in the development of UGC platforms. When infringement occurs, recommendation algorithms expand the scope and results of infringement, while platforms choose to conspire with direct infringers for their own interests, making it difficult for infringed persons to defend their rights. In order to analyse the influence of different factors in the platform ecosystem on the subject's behavioural strategies, a "platform-infringer" evolutionary game model is constructed, and numerical simulation is used to verify the correctness of the stable results. Based on the simulation results, it is concluded that the factors of uncertain revenue, punishment and reputation loss have important influence on the decision-making behaviour of the subject of infringement governance, and accordingly, the proposed measures on the publishers, platforms and the legal level of the government are conducive to the evolution of the system to the point of positive regulation and stability of rights protection, with a view to promoting the healthier and more stable development of the UGC platforms.

Generative AI, UK Copyright and Open Licences: considerations for UK HEI copyright advice services.

With the enormous growth in interest and use of generative artificial intelligence (AI) systems seen since the launch of ChatGPT in autumn 2022 have come questions both about the legal status of AI outputs, and of using protected works as training inputs. It is inevitable that UK higher education institution (HEI) library copyright advice services will see an increase in questions around use of works with AI as a result. Staff working in such library services are not lawyers or able to offer legal advice to their academic researchers. Nonetheless, they must look at the issues raised, consider how to advise in analogous situations of using copyright material, and offer opinion to researchers accordingly. While the legal questions remain to be answered definitively, copyright librarians can still offer advice on both open licences and use of copyright material under permitted exceptions. We look here at how library services can address questions on copyright and open licences for generative AI for researchers in UK HEIs.

(Free) Creative Commons content on the internet is not so free after all: The pitfalls and details of copyright laws and licenses.

A short guide on how copyright law affects using content from the internet for academic publications and presentations.

Social media as a disruptor for academic congresses.

Over the past few years, social media has become integral to surgical communication, research, and patient education. Furthermore, they have revolutionized how academic congresses have been held over the past 10 years. There are several benefits resulting from social media integration in scientific meetings, such as disseminating content, increasing engagement, highlighting important messages, and educating patients and physicians. Furthermore, social media platforms provide free and equal engagement of all users; no matter the experience, the level of training, or the socioeconomic background, all participants are free to express their opinion and discuss with world-renowned experts-an opportunity that was available only for the few and privileged ones in the past. Nevertheless, when talking about social media, one must bear in mind that there is a huge variety of platforms that are not all equally used or universally accessed. Besides the benefits highlighted above, this new social media-enhanced reality has some disadvantages as well: lack of any control of content along with anonymity can sometimes lead to dangerous and hostile behaviors as well as set the playground for personal feuds, ulterior financial motives, and bullying. Furthermore, the accuracy of content could be somewhat controversial, especially when pieces of presentations are taken out of context. Violations of intellectual property and copyrights are also to be considered. Social media platforms are a great tool for enhancing academic congresses when appropriately used. It is undebatable that social media has changed how information, content, and material are shared and promoted. Nevertheless, as with everything in life, their use needs to be in "good measure"-appropriate, mindful, and respectful-so that social media can be a powerful tool instead of a dangerous weapon in inappropriate hands.

Subsidies versus intellectual property rights when innovators operate in two markets.

Intellectual property rights are monopoly rights, which have undesirable welfare properties. Therefore, several studies suggest using rewards as incentives for innovation instead. However, these studies have thus far had little effect on actual policy, possibly because such rewards may be difficult to implement in practice. We suggest a new way of providing incentives to originators, which is easier to implement. Our suggestion can be used if there is an additional market in which originators operate, where copying is not easily possible. In this case, intellectual property rights in one market can be replaced by subsidies in the other market. Taking the music industry as example, copyrights in the records market could be replaced by subsidies in the market for live performances. We develop a partial equilibrium model that can be used to analyze in which cases the replacement of intellectual property rights in one market with subsidies in another market is welfare improving and better for the originator. A numerical application example suggests that the subsidy scheme may indeed be better in the music industry. The subsidy scheme can be implemented as a voluntary option, which would even be possible without changing the legal framework of intellectual property rights.

How, scholar, do you want to be remembered by future generations?: Finding your own balance between the ownership of knowledge and the freedom to pursue economic interests.

To assume that copyright just protects "expressions," (unlike "ideas" protected by patents), may be misleading because a particularly ordered procedure is also protected by copyright law. The procedure as well as the image of Park's Sweet Spot Theory require prior written permission from the original copyright holder for its use. Because this would stymie future generations from building further on this idea, I returned the theory-based patent to society so that prospective research and development will have no hindrances in the establishment of new knowledge/solutions in nursing science.

Dilemma and Solution of Copyright Justice System for Health Short Video under Network Big Data Environment Monitoring.

Short videos have quickly taken over the mobile screens of network users and established themselves as one of the most significant social platforms in the "Internet+era" as a new carrier of social culture. Short films have the qualities of high participation, strong engagement, high real-time, and quick propagation, which satisfy the needs of Internet users in interpersonal communication and reading or enjoyment in leisure time. This is against the backdrop of network big data environment monitoring. Based on this, the paper defines the fair use system of short video copyright, elaborates on its concept, examines the system's challenges and potential fixes in the context of networks, and develops a model for short video repeat detection using local key points. According to the experimental findings, this algorithm's short video repetition detection accuracy rate can reach 95.8%, and its recall rate can reach 94.5%. For the development of the fair use system of short video copyright in the current network environment, the video in some complex scenes can achieve good detection performance, which establishes a good data analysis foundation and provides a significant amount of assistance for the system to escape its predicament.

Analysis on the Evolution Mechanism of Intellectual Property Operation Platform toward Value Proposition under the Digital Technology-Driven Environment.

Research Purpose. In order to study the evolution mechanism of intellectual property operation platform, value analysis in the modern digital technology-driven environment, and how to better develop the operation of intellectual property platform in the current digital technology environment; Research Methods. This paper analyzes the relationship between the development of digital economy and intellectual property operation platform, analyzes, and compares the different stages of intellectual property platform operation in the digital technology-driven environment, and compares the coupling degree of platform operation services in different environments. Research Results. From the research and analysis results, it can be seen that the operation of intellectual property rights under digital technology is of positive significance in the development of social-ecological environment, combined with the development of the industrial ecosystem, and plays a positive role in transforming intellectual property rights into market value, promoting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises and economic construction. It is of great significance to create a perfect chain of intellectual property protection and legal protection of property rights, copyrights, and transfer rights. Research Conclusion. It provides new ideas and research value for the future operation mode of intellectual property platform, provides a better guarantee platform and legal environment for China to improve the level of digital economy, creates a suitable ecological environment, and stimulates people's thinking potential.

Robust Zero-Watermarking of Color Medical Images Using Multi-Channel Gaussian-Hermite Moments and 1D Chebyshev Chaotic Map.

Copyright protection of medical images is a vital goal in the era of smart healthcare systems. In recent telemedicine applications, medical images are sensed using medical imaging devices and transmitted to remote places for screening by physicians and specialists. During their transmission, the medical images could be tampered with by intruders. Traditional watermarking methods embed the information in the host images to protect the copyright of medical images. The embedding destroys the original image and cannot be applied efficiently to images used in medicine that require high integrity. Robust zero-watermarking methods are preferable over other watermarking algorithms in medical image security due to their outstanding performance. Most existing methods are presented based on moments and moment invariants, which have become a prominent method for zero-watermarking due to their favorable image description capabilities and geometric invariance. Although moment-based zero-watermarking can be an effective approach to image copyright protection, several present approaches cannot effectively resist geometric attacks, and others have a low resistance to large-scale attacks. Besides these issues, most of these algorithms rely on traditional moment computation, which suffers from numerical error accumulation, leading to numerical instabilities, and time consumption and affecting the performance of these moment-based zero-watermarking techniques. In this paper, we derived multi-channel Gaussian-Hermite moments of fractional-order (MFrGHMs) to solve the problems. Then we used a kernel-based method for the highly accurate computation of MFrGHMs to solve the computation issue. Then, we constructed image features that are accurate and robust. Finally, we presented a new zero-watermarking scheme for color medical images using accurate MFrGHMs and 1D Chebyshev chaotic features to achieve lossless copyright protection of the color medical images. We performed experiments where their outcomes ensure the robustness of the proposed zero-watermarking algorithms against various attacks. The proposed zero-watermarking algorithm achieves a good balance between robustness and imperceptibility. Compared with similar existing algorithms, the proposed algorithm has superior robustness, security, and time computation.

Intellectual property: A primer for radiologists.

Typically the creative product of the mind, intellectual property often forms the basis of a new product, service line, or company. Intellectual property law is complicated and nuanced, and poorly understood by many physicians, innovators, and entrepreneurs. Successfully navigating the process of intellectual property protection is critical in facilitating the translation of innovation into clinical practice. We define intellectual property and common terms used in intellectual property law and offer justification for the importance of intellectual property protections. We additionally highlight resources to assist radiologists with intellectual property protection and outline basic guidelines to successfully initiate discussions around intellectual property with third party vendors and consultants. SUMMARY: Proactive intellectual property protection is critically important for radiologist innovators seeking to bring new ideas to the marketplace.