RESUMEN
Non-diphtheroid Corynebacterium sepsis is rare and has affected only immunocompromised or particularly predisposed patients so far. We present the first case of urosepsis caused by Corynebacterium aurimucosum in a 67-year-old woman, without any known immunodeficiencies and in absence of any immunosuppressive therapy, admitted to the hospital for fever and acute dyspnea. This work suggests a new approach in evaluating the isolation of Corynebacteria, especially if isolated from blood. In particular, it highlights the potential infectious role of C. aurimucosum (often considered a contaminant and only rarely identified as an etiological agent of infections) and its clinical consequences, detailing also interesting aspects about its microbiological diagnosis and relative therapy and clarifying contrasting data of literature.
[Box: see text].
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Corynebacterium , Corynebacterium , Sepsis , Infecciones Urinarias , Humanos , Corynebacterium/aislamiento & purificación , Corynebacterium/genética , Corynebacterium/patogenicidad , Corynebacterium/clasificación , Anciano , Femenino , Infecciones por Corynebacterium/microbiología , Infecciones por Corynebacterium/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Corynebacterium/tratamiento farmacológico , Sepsis/microbiología , Sepsis/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Urinarias/microbiología , Infecciones Urinarias/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Urinarias/diagnóstico , Antibacterianos/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Corynebacterium striatum is an emerging nosocomial pathogen. This is the first report showing the presence of three distinct multidrug resistant lineages of C. striatum among patients in a UK hospital. The presence of ErmX, Tet(W), Bla and AmpC proteins, and mutations in gyrA gene are associated with the resistance to clindamycin, doxycycline, penicillin and moxifloxacin, respectively. These strains are equipped with several corynebacterial virulence genes including two SpaDEF-type and a novel pilus gene cluster, which needs further molecular characterisation. This study highlights a need of developing an active surveillance strategy for routine monitoring and preventing potential cross-transmission among susceptible patients.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Infecciones por Corynebacterium , Corynebacterium , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Filogenia , Centros de Atención Terciaria , Humanos , Corynebacterium/genética , Corynebacterium/efectos de los fármacos , Corynebacterium/aislamiento & purificación , Corynebacterium/clasificación , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple/genética , Infecciones por Corynebacterium/microbiología , Infecciones por Corynebacterium/epidemiología , Reino Unido/epidemiología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Infección Hospitalaria/microbiología , Infección Hospitalaria/epidemiología , Masculino , Factores de Virulencia/genética , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , FemeninoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Corynebacterium spp. are widely disseminated in the environment, and they are part of the skin and mucosal microbiota of animals and humans. Reports of human infections by Corynebacterium spp. have increased considerably in recent years and the appearance of multidrug resistant isolates around the world has drawn attention. OBJECTIVES: To describe a new species of Corynebacterium from human tissue bone is described after being misidentified using available methods. METHODS: For taxonomic analyses, phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA and rpoB genes, in silico DNA-DNA hybridization, average nucleotide and amino acid identity, multilocus sequence analysis, and phylogenetic analysis based on the complete genome were used. FINDINGS: Genomic taxonomic analyzes revealed values of in silico DNA-DNA hybridization, average nucleotide and amino acids identity below the values necessary for species characterization between the analyzed isolates and the closest phylogenetic relative Corynebacterium aurimucosum DSM 44532T. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Genomic taxonomic analyzes indicate that the isolates analyzed comprise a new species of the Corynebacterium genus, which we propose to name Corynebacterium hiratae sp. nov. with isolate 332T (= CBAS 826T = CCBH 35,014T) as the type strain.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Corynebacterium , Corynebacterium , ADN Bacteriano , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 16S , Corynebacterium/genética , Corynebacterium/clasificación , Corynebacterium/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Infecciones por Corynebacterium/microbiología , Huesos/microbiología , Tipificación de Secuencias Multilocus , Genoma Bacteriano , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Hibridación de Ácido NucleicoRESUMEN
Diphtheria is a re-emerging disease in resource-rich settings. We here report three cases of cutaneous diphtheria diagnosed and managed in our infectious disease department and discuss the determinants of its re-emergence. Migration, travel and vaccine scepticism are key factors not only for diphtheria re-emergence, but for the future of most preventable diseases.
Asunto(s)
Difteria/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes/microbiología , Corynebacterium/clasificación , Corynebacterium/genética , Corynebacterium/aislamiento & purificación , Difteria/microbiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Migrantes/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
Six novel facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-haemolytic bacteria (zg-320T/zg-336, zg-917T/zg-910 and zg-913T/zg-915) isolated from animal tissues and human faeces were found to belong to the genus Corynebacterium based on the phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA gene and 262 core genes set. Based on the greatest degree of 16S rRNA similarity, zg-320T/zg-336 had the highest 16S rRNA gene similarity to Corynebacterium falsenii DSM 44353T (97.51â%), zg-917T/zg-910 to Corynebacterium coyleae DSM 44184T (98.68â%), and zg-913T/zg-915 to Corynebacterium afermentans subsp. lipophilum CIP 103500T (98.79â%). The three novel type strains had a relatively high DNA G+C content (61.2-64.4âmol%), low DNA relatedness and ANI values with their respective neighbours: 23.5/72.7â%, 25.0/72.3%and 22.6/73.1â% (zg-320T vs. Corynebacterium auriscanis CIP 106629T, Corynebacterium resistens DSM 45100T and Corynebacterium suicordis DSM 45110T); 24.4/82.3% and 23.7/81.3â% (zg-917T vs. C. coyleae DSM 44184T and Corynebacterium jeddahense JCBT); 26.8/83.7% and 27.7/84.4â% (zg-913T vs. Corynebacterium mucifaciens ATCC 700355T and C. afermentans subsp. lipophilum CCUG 32105T). The three novel species had C16â:â0, C18â:â0, C18â:â1 ω9c and C18â:â0 ante/C18â:â2 ω6,9c as the major cellular fatty acids; MK-8(H2) in strain zg-917T and MK-9(H2) in strains zg-320T and zg-913T were found to be the major respiratory quinones. For the three novel species, the detected major polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidyl inositol mannoside, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol, the cell-wall peptidoglycan was based on meso-DAP, and the whole-cell sugars mainly included ribose, arabinose and galactose. The three novel species grew optimally at 35-37 °C, 0.5â% (w/v) NaCl and pH 7.0-8.0; notably, they were tolerant of 10.5â% (w/v) NaCl. Based on the results of these comprehensive analyses, three novel species in the genus Corynebacterium are proposed, aptly named Corynebacterium zhongnanshanii sp. nov. (zg-320T = GDMCC 1.1719T = JCM 34106T), Corynebacterium lujinxingii sp. nov. (zg-917T = GDMCC 1.1707T = JCM 34094T) and Corynebacterium wankanglinii sp. nov. (zg-913T = GDMCC 1.1706T = JCM 34398T).
Asunto(s)
Corynebacterium/clasificación , Heces/microbiología , Marmota , Filogenia , Tráquea , Animales , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Composición de Base , Corynebacterium/aislamiento & purificación , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Ácidos Grasos/química , Humanos , Marmota/microbiología , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico , Fosfolípidos/química , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Tráquea/microbiología , Vitamina K 2/análogos & derivados , Vitamina K 2/químicaRESUMEN
Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Corynebacterium belfantii, Corynebacterium rouxii, Corynebacterium ulcerans, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and Corynebacterium silvaticum are the only taxa from among ~121 Corynebacterium species deemed potentially able to harbour diphtheria tox genes. Subsequently tox-gene bearing species may potentially produce diphtheria toxin, which is linked to fatal respiratory distress if a pharyngeal pseudomembrane is formed or toxaemia develops in those unimmunized or under-immunized. Detection of diphtheria toxin-producing species may also invoke a public health response and contact tracing. Recovery of such species from the respiratory tract or other contaminated sources such as non-healing ulcerative wounds are expedited by use of differential and selective media such as modified Tinsdale medium (MTM). This medium is supplemented with potassium tellurite, which supresses most normal flora present in contaminated specimens, as well as l-cystine and thiosulphate. Most diphtheria-tox-gene bearing species grow well on MTM, producing black colonies with a black halo around each colony. This is due to an ability to produce cystinase in the presence of tellurite, cystine and thiosulphate, resulting in black tellurium deposits being observed in the agar. Other Corynebacterium species may/may not be able to grow at all in the presence of tellurite but if able to grow, will have small beige or brownish colonies which do not exhibit black halos. We describe here an unusual non-tox-gene-bearing isolate, NML 93-0612T, recovered from a human wrist granuloma, which produced black colonies with black halos on MTM agar but was otherwise distinguishable from Corynebacterium species which can bear tox genes. Distinctive features included its unusual colony morphology on MTM and sheep blood agar, by proteomic, biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties and by molecular methods. Its genome contained 2â680â694 bytes, a G+C content of 60.65 mol% with features consistent with the genus Corynebacterium and so represents a new species for which we propose the name Corynebacterium hindlerae sp. nov.
Asunto(s)
Corynebacterium/clasificación , Granuloma/microbiología , Filogenia , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Composición de Base , Canadá , Corynebacterium/aislamiento & purificación , Corynebacterium diphtheriae/genética , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Ácidos Grasos/química , Humanos , Pigmentación , Proteómica , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
Three novel corynebacterial species were isolated from soil sampled at a paddock in Vilsendorf, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The strains were coccoid or irregular rod-shaped, catalase-positive and pale white to yellow-orange in colour. By whole genome sequencing and comparison of the 16S rRNA genes as well as the whole genome structure, it was shown that all three strains represent novel species of the family Corynebacteriaceae, order Corynebacteriales, class Actinobacteria. This project describes the isolation, identification, sequencing, and phenotypic characterization of the three novel Corynebacterium species. We propose the names Corynebacterium kalinowskii sp. nov. (DSM 110639T=LMG 31801T), Corynebacterium comes sp. nov. (DSM 110640T=LMG 31802T), and Corynebacterium occultum sp. nov. (DSM 110642T=LMG 31803T).
Asunto(s)
Corynebacterium , Filogenia , Microbiología del Suelo , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Composición de Base , Corynebacterium/clasificación , Corynebacterium/aislamiento & purificación , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Granjas , Ácidos Grasos/química , Alemania , Pigmentación , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
Corynebacterium phoceense is a Gram-positive species previously isolated from human urine. Although other species from the same genus have been associated with urinary tract infections, C. phoceense is currently believed to be a non-pathogenic member of the urogenital microbiota. Prior to our study, only two isolates were described in the literature, and very little is known about the species. Here, we describe C. phoceense UFMG-H7, the first strain of this species isolated from the urine of healthy cattle. The genome for this isolate was produced and compared to the two other publicly available C. phoceense as well as other Corynebacterium genome assemblies. Our in-depth genomic analysis identified four additional publicly available genome assemblies that are representatives of the species, also isolated from the human urogenital tract. Although none of the strains have been associated with symptoms or disease, numerous genes associated with virulence factors are encoded. In contrast to related Corynebacterium species and Corynebacterium species from the bovine vaginal tract, all C. phoceense strains examined code for the SpaD-type pili suggesting adherence is essential for its persistence within the urinary tract. As the other C. phoceense strains analysed were isolated from the human urogenital tract, our results suggest that this species may be specific to this niche.
Asunto(s)
Corynebacterium/aislamiento & purificación , Microbiota , Sistema Urogenital/microbiología , Animales , Bovinos , Corynebacterium/clasificación , Corynebacterium/genética , Genoma Bacteriano , Humanos , Orina/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Non-diphtherial Corynebacterium species or diphtheroids were previously considered as the mere contaminants of clinical samples. Of late, they have been reckoned as the formidable infection causing agents of various diseases. While the scientific database is filled with articles that document whole genome analysis of individual isolates, a comprehensive comparative genomic analysis of diphtheroids alongside Corynebacterium diphtheriae is expected to enable us in understanding their genomic as well as evolutionary divergence. Here, we have analysed the whole genome sequences of forty strains that were selected from a range of eleven Corynebacterium species (pathogenic and non-pathogenic). A statistical analysis of the pan and core genomes revealed that even though the core genome is saturated, the pan genome is yet open rendering scope for newer gene families to be accumulated in the course of evolution that might further change the pathogenic behavior of these species. Every strain had bacteriophage components integrated in its genome and some of them were intact and consisted of toxins. The presence of diversified genomic islands was observed across the dataset and most of them consisted of genes for virulence and multidrug resistance. Moreover, the phylogenetic analysis showed that a diphtheroid is the last common ancestor of all the Corynebacterium species. The current study is a compilation of genomic features of pathogenic as well as non-pathogenic Corynebacterium species which provides insights into their virulence potential in the times to come.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Corynebacterium/microbiología , Corynebacterium/genética , Corynebacterium/patogenicidad , Genoma Bacteriano , Factores de Virulencia/genética , Corynebacterium/clasificación , Humanos , VirulenciaRESUMEN
Four Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and asporous bacilli (strains ZJ-599T, ZJ-621, MC1420T and MC1482), isolated from animal tissue and environmental samples collected on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, PR China, were taxonomically characterized. Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, the closest relatives of strains ZJ-599T and ZJ-621 were Corynebacterium endometrii LMM-1653T (97.5â%), Corynebacterium phocae M408/89/1T (96.5â%) and Corynebacterium flavescens OJ8T (96.3â%), whereas strains MC1420T and MC1482 were closest to Corynebacterium sanguinis CCUG 58655T (98.9â%), Corynebacterium mycetoides DSM 20632T (98.4â%) and Corynebacterium lipophiloflavum DSM 44291T (97.9â%). The results of rpoB gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that C. phocae M408/89/1T and C. sanguinis CCUG 58655T were closest to strains ZJ-599T/ZJ-621 (83.5â%) and MC1420T/MC1482 (91.8â%), respectively. The two novel type strains shared a similarity of 95.2â% in 16S rRNA and 81.3â% in rpoB gene sequences. The TAP-PCR DNA fingerprint and MALDI-TOF MS spectrum patterns clearly differentiated the novel isolates within and between each pair of strains. Strain ZJ-599T had 21.9-22.4â% digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) scores with C. endometrii LMM-1653T, C. phocae M408/89/1T and C. flavescens OJ8T, and 72.3-72.9â% of average nucleotide identity (ANI) with them. Similarly, strain MC1420T had 22.9-23.7â% dDDH values with C. sanguinis CCUG 58655T, C. mycetoides DSM 20632T and C. lipophiloflavum DSM 44291T, and 80.4-81.3â% ANI scores with them. Strain ZJ-599T had a 23.1â% dDDH value and 70.5â% ANI score with strain MC1420T, both below the corresponding thresholds for species delineation. Strains ZJ-599T and MC1420T both contain mycolic acids and have MK-8(H2) and MK-9(H2) as the predominant respiratory quinones, meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and C18â:â1 ω9c as the main fatty acid. C17â:â1 ω8c and C15â:â1 ω8c were predominant in strain ZJ-599T in contrast to C17â:â1 ω7c being predominant in strain MC1420T. The main polar lipids in strain ZJ-599T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and one unidentified glycolipid, while strain MC1420T had diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and one unidentified lipid as the major components. Since the two pairs of novel strains (ZJ-599T/ZJ-621, MC1420T/MC1482) distinctly differ from each other and from their nearest relatives, two novel species of the genus Corynebacterium are proposed, namely Corynebacterium lizhenjunii (type strain ZJ-599T=GDMCC 1.1779T=JCM 34341T) and Corynebacterium qintianiae (type strain MC1420T=GDMCC 1.1783T=JCM 34340T), respectively.
Asunto(s)
Corynebacterium/clasificación , Pulmón/microbiología , Marmota/microbiología , Filogenia , Sistema Respiratorio/microbiología , Ovinos/microbiología , Animales , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Composición de Base , China , Corynebacterium/aislamiento & purificación , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Ácido Diaminopimélico/química , Ácidos Grasos/química , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico , Fosfolípidos/química , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Vitamina K 2/químicaRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical and microbiological characteristics of Corynebacterium bacteremia in hematological patients. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with Corynebacterium bacteremia from April 2013 to June 2018. The causative Corynebacterium species were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Drug susceptibility tests were performed using the broth microdilution method recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. In total, 147 cases of Corynebacterium bacteremia were identified during the study period. Corynebacterium striatum was the most frequent pathogen. Catheter-related bloodstream infection was diagnosed in 19.7% of all patients, and moderate/severe oral or severe gastrointestinal mucosal impairment was detected in 19.7%. Polymicrobial infection was found in about 20% of cases, with Enterococcus faecium being the most frequent isolate. The overall 30-day mortality was 34.7% (51/147). Multivariate analysis showed that E. faecium co-infection (odds ratio (OR) 9.3; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.1-40), systemic corticosteroids (OR 3.6; 95% CI 1.4-8.9), other immunosuppressive drugs (OR 0.32; 95% CI 0.13-0.76), and a Pitt bacteremia score ≥4 (OR 12; 95% CI 3.9-40) were significant risk factors for overall 30-day mortality. The drug susceptibility rates for beta-lactam antimicrobial agents were quite low. All isolates were susceptible to glycopeptides and linezolid. However, some C. striatum isolates were resistant to daptomycin. Corynebacterium bacteremia can occur in the presence of several types of mucosal impairment. Our drug susceptibility data indicate that Corynebacterium bacteremia in hematological patients could be treated by glycopeptides or linezolid.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Bacteriemia/microbiología , Infecciones por Corynebacterium/microbiología , Corynebacterium/efectos de los fármacos , Corynebacterium/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedades Hematológicas/microbiología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Bacteriemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Corynebacterium/clasificación , Corynebacterium/genética , Infecciones por Corynebacterium/tratamiento farmacológico , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Femenino , Enfermedades Hematológicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Linezolid/farmacología , Masculino , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
In diphtheria laboratory examinations, the PCR test can be applied to isolates and clinical specimens. This study aimed to develop a PCR assay to identify the species and toxigenicity of diphtheria-causing bacteria, including the prediction of some NTTB types. Seven reference isolates, four synthetic DNA samples, 36 stored isolates, and 487 clinical samples used for PCR optimization. The PCR results was confirmed by DNA sequence analysis. The results of the PCR examination of the 7 reference isolates and 36 stored isolates were similar to the results obtained using conventional methods as gold standard, both for diphtheria-causing and non-diphtheria-causing bacteria. The validation of the PCR results using DNA sequence analysis showed that there was no mispriming or misamplification. The multiplex PCR assay developed in this study could correctly identify the species and toxigenicity of diphtheria-causing bacteria, including the prediction of some NTTB types not yet covered by established PCR methods.
Asunto(s)
Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana/métodos , Infecciones por Corynebacterium/microbiología , Corynebacterium/aislamiento & purificación , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa Multiplex/métodos , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Corynebacterium/clasificación , Corynebacterium/genética , Cartilla de ADN/genética , Difteria/microbiología , HumanosRESUMEN
The aim of this study is to compare different methods due to the difficulties in identifying coryneform bacteria to species level and to determine antibiotic resistance profiles. Isolates identified as Turicella otitidis (n:45) by VITEK 2 Compact and Corynebacterium mucifaciens (n:1) by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), isolated from blood and catheter cultures between 2015 and 2017 were included in the study. For identification of the isolates, conventional tests and 16S rDNA sequence analysis were performed. Antibiotic susceptibilities of the isolates were determined by Etest. The isolates identified as T. otitidis with VITEK 2 Compact could not be identified by MALDI-TOF MS and described as C. mucifaciens/Corynebacterium afermentans spp. by 16S rDNA sequence analysis. One isolate identified as C. mucifaciens by MALDI-TOF MS could not be identified with VITEK 2 Compact and described as C. mucifaciens by 16S rDNA sequence analysis and conventional methods. All isolates (n:45) described as C. mucifaciens/C. afermentans spp. by 16S rDNA sequence analysis were identified as C. afermentans subsp. afermentans with conventional methods. All 45 isolates identified as C. afermentans subsp. afermentans were resistant to penicillin, erythromycin, and clindamycin and were susceptible to vancomycin and daptomycin, whereas 31 (69%) were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SXT). The isolate identified as C. mucifaciens was susceptible to penicillin, vancomycin, daptomycin, and TMP-SXT; it was resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin. In this study, we reported 45 C. afermentans isolates misidentified as T. otitidis in routine laboratory processes. To our knowledge, this is the first study to include the highest number of C. afermentans blood isolates.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Corynebacterium/clasificación , Corynebacterium/efectos de los fármacos , Catéteres/microbiología , Corynebacterium/genética , Corynebacterium/aislamiento & purificación , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana/efectos de los fármacos , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana/genética , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
Two Gram-stain-positive, facultatively aerobic, non-motile and rod- to coccoid-shaped bacterial strains, 23H37-10T and 4HC-13, were isolated from the faeces of greater white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons) at Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Province, PR China. Optimal growth was observed at 35-37 °C, pH 7.0-8.0 and with 0.5-1.5â% (w/v) NaCl. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains 23H37-10T and 4HC-13 were identical. Phylogenetic and phylogenomic analyses indicated that strains 23H37-10T and 4HC-13 formed an independent cluster within the genus Corynebacterium and showed 98.8, 97.4, 97.4 and 97.2â% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Corynebacterium urogenitale LMM 1652T, Corynebacterium urealyticum DSM 7109T, Corynebacterium falsenii DSM 44353T and Corynebacterium jeikeium NCTC 11913T, respectively. Cells contained C18â:1 ω9c, C18â:â0 and C16â:â0 as the major cellular fatty acids and MK-9 (H2) as the predominant respiratory quinone. The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidyl inositol mannosides, two unidentified phospholipids, four unidentified glycolipids and one unidentified lipid. Strain 23H37-10T contained mycolic acids, with meso-diaminopimelic acid and arabinose as the major whole-cell hydrolysates. The genome G+C content of strains 23H37-10T and 4HC-13 was 55.2 mol%. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between strains 23H37-10T and 4HC-13 were 94.4 and 99.6â%, respectively. Strains 23H37-10T and 4HC-13 had dDDH and ANI values of less than 70 and 96â% with all available genomes of the genus Corynebacterium, respectively. The differential genotypic inferences, together with phenotypic and biochemical characteristics, suggested that strains 23H37-10T and 4HC-13 represent a novel species within the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name Corynebacterium anserum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 23H37-10T (=GDMCC 1.1737T=KACC 21672T).
Asunto(s)
Corynebacterium/clasificación , Heces/microbiología , Gansos/microbiología , Filogenia , Animales , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Composición de Base , China , Corynebacterium/aislamiento & purificación , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Ácidos Grasos/química , Lagos , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico , Peptidoglicano/química , Fosfolípidos/química , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Vitamina K 2/análogos & derivados , Vitamina K 2/químicaRESUMEN
The bacterial strain PO100/5 was isolated from a skin abscess taken from a pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) in the Alentejo region of southern Portugal. It was identified as Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis using biochemical tests, multiplex PCR and Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis. After genome sequencing and rpoB phylogeny, the strain was classified as C. ulcerans. To better understand the taxonomy of this strain and improve identification methods, we compared strain PO100/5 to other publicly available genomes from C. diphtheriae group. Taxonomic analysis reclassified it and three others strains as the recently described C. silvaticum, which have been isolated from wild boar and roe deer in Germany and Austria. The results showed that PO100/5 is the first sequenced genome of a C. silvaticum strain from livestock and a different geographical region, has the unique sequence type ST709, and could be could produce the diphtheriae toxin, along with strain 05-13. Genomic analysis of PO100/5 showed four prophages, and eight conserved genomic islands in comparison to C. ulcerans. Pangenome analysis of 38 C. silvaticum and 76 C. ulcerans genomes suggested that C. silvaticum is a genetically homogeneous species, with 73.6% of its genes conserved and a pangenome near to be closed (α > 0.952). There are 172 genes that are unique to C. silvaticum in comparison to C. ulcerans. Most of these conserved genes are related to nutrient uptake and metabolism, prophages or immunity against them, and could be genetic markers for species identification. Strains PO100/5 (livestock) and KL0182T (wild boar) were predicted to be potential human pathogens. This information may be useful for identification and surveillance of this pathogen.
Asunto(s)
Corynebacterium/genética , Ecosistema , Genoma Bacteriano , Filogenia , Corynebacterium/clasificación , Corynebacterium/metabolismo , Marcadores Genéticos , Filogeografía , Polimorfismo GenéticoRESUMEN
The genus Corynebacterium includes species of biotechnological, medical and veterinary importance. An atypical C. ulcerans strain, W25, was recently isolated from a case of necrotizing lymphadenitis in a wild boar. In this study, we have analysed the genome sequence of this strain and compared the phenotypic and virulence properties with other corynebacterial pathogens. Phylogenomic analyses revealed that strain W25 belongs to a novel species along with PO100/5 and KL1196. The latter strains were isolated from a pig and a roe deer, respectively; hence, this species appears to be associated to animals. The isolate W25 is likely a non-toxigenic tox gene bearing strain and may have compromised abilities to adhere to pharyngeal and laryngeal epithelial cells due to potential loss of the gene functions in spaBC and spaDEF pilus gene clusters. A number of corynebacterial virulence genes are present including pld encoding phospholipase D. Therefore, this strain may be able to cause severe invasive infections in animals and zoonotic infections in humans.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Corynebacterium/microbiología , Infecciones por Corynebacterium/veterinaria , Corynebacterium/clasificación , Corynebacterium/aislamiento & purificación , Filogenia , Animales , Toxinas Bacterianas/genética , Corynebacterium/genética , Corynebacterium/patogenicidad , Ciervos , Fimbrias Bacterianas/genética , Genoma Bacteriano , Humanos , Familia de Multigenes , Porcinos , Virulencia/genética , Factores de Virulencia/genética , Zoonosis/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Eight Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacterial strains were isolated from faeces of Tibetan antelopes on the Tibet-Qinghai Plateau of China. Genomic sequence analysis showed that the strains belong to the genera Actinomyces (strains 299T and 340), Corynebacterium (strains 2184T, 2185, 2183T and 2189) and Oceanobacillus (strains 160T and 143), respectively, with a percentage of similarity for the 16S rRNA gene under the species threshold of 98.7â% except for strains 160T and 143 with Oceanobacillus arenosus CAU 1183T (98.8â%). The genome sizes (and genomic G+C contents) were 3.1 Mb (49.4â%), 2.5 Mb (64.9â%), 2.4 Mb (66.1â%) and 4.1 Mb (37.1â%) for the type strains 299T, 2183T, 2184T and 160T, respectively. Two sets of the overall genome relatedness index values between our isolates and their corresponding closely related species were under species thresholds (95â% for average nucleotide identity, and 70â% for digital DNA-DNA hybridization). These results, together with deeper genotypic, genomic, phenotypic and biochemical analyses, indicate that these eight isolates should be classified as representing four novel species. Strain 299T (=CGMCC 1.16320T=JCM 33611T) is proposed as representing Actinomyces wuliandei sp. nov.; strain 2184T (=CGMCC 1.16417T=DSM 106203T) is proposed as representing Corynebacterium liangguodongii sp. nov.; strain 2183T (=CGMCC 1.16416T=DSM 106264T) is proposed as representing Corynebacterium yudongzhengii sp. nov.; and strain 160T (=CGMCC 1.16367T=DSM 106186T) is proposed as representing Oceanobacillus zhaokaii sp. nov.
Asunto(s)
Actinomyces/clasificación , Antílopes/microbiología , Bacillaceae/clasificación , Corynebacterium/clasificación , Heces/microbiología , Filogenia , Actinomyces/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Bacillaceae/aislamiento & purificación , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Composición de Base , China , Corynebacterium/aislamiento & purificación , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Ácidos Grasos/química , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico , Fosfolípidos/química , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , TibetRESUMEN
A total of 34 Corynebacterium sp. strains were isolated from caseous lymph node abscesses of wild boar and roe deer in different regions of Germany. They showed slow growth on Columbia sheep blood agar and sparse growth on Hoyle's tellurite agar. Cellular fatty acid analysis allocated them in the C. diphtheriae group of genus Corynebacterium. MALDI-TOF MS using specific database extensions and rpoB sequencing resulted in classification as C. ulcerans. Their quinone system is similar to C. ulcerans, with major menaquinone MK-8(H2). Their complex polar lipid profile includes major lipids phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol-mannoside, diphosphatidylglycerol, but also unidentified glycolipids, distinguishing them clearly from C. ulcerans. They ferment glucose, ribose and maltose (like C. ulcerans), but do not utilise d-xylose, mannitol, lactose, sucrose and glycogen (like C. pseudotuberculosis). They showed activity of catalase, urease and phospholipase D, but variable results for alkaline phosphatase and alpha-glucosidase. All were non-toxigenic, tox gene bearing and susceptible to clindamycin, penicillin and erythromycin. In 16SrRNA gene and RpoB protein phylogenies the strains formed distinct brancheswith C. ulcerans as nearest relative.Whole genome sequencing revealed the unique sequence type 578, a distinctbranch in pangenomic core genome MLST, average nucleotide identities <91%, enhancedgenome sizes (2.55 Mbp) and G/C content (54.4 mol%) compared to related species.These results suggest that the strains represent a novel species, for which wepropose the name Corynebactriumsilvaticum sp. nov., based on their first isolation from forest-dwellinggame animals. The type strain isKL0182T (= CVUAS 4292T = DSM 109166T = LMG 31313T= CIP 111 672T).
Asunto(s)
Absceso/microbiología , Corynebacterium/clasificación , Ciervos/microbiología , Ganglios Linfáticos/microbiología , Filogenia , Sus scrofa/microbiología , Animales , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Composición de Base , Corynebacterium/aislamiento & purificación , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Ácidos Grasos/química , Alemania , Glucolípidos/química , Ganglios Linfáticos/patología , Tipificación de Secuencias Multilocus , Fosfolípidos/química , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Porcinos , Vitamina K 2/análogos & derivados , Vitamina K 2/química , Secuenciación Completa del GenomaRESUMEN
A recent taxonomic study confirmed the synonymy of Rhodococcus equi (Magnusson 1923) Goodfellow and Alderson 1977 and Corynebacterium hoagii (Morse 1912) Eberson 1918. As a result, both R. equi and C. hoagii were reclassified as Rhodococcus hoagii comb. nov. in application of the principle of priority of the Prokaryotic Code. Because R. equi is a well-known animal and zoonotic human pathogen, and a bacterial name solidly established in the veterinary and medical literature, we and others argued that the nomenclatural change may cause error and confusion and be potentially perilous. We have now additionally found that the nomenclatural type of the basonym C. hoagii, ATCC 7005T, does not correspond with the original description of the species C. hoagii in the early literature. Its inclusion as the C. hoagii type on the Approved Lists 1980 results in a change in the characters of the taxon and in C. hoagii designating two different bacteria. Moreover, ATCC 7005, the only strain in circulation under the name C. hoagii, does not have a well documented history; it is unclear why it was deposited as C. hoagii and a possible mix-up with a Corynebacterium (Rhodococcus) equi isolate is a reasonable assumption. We therefore request the rejection of Rhodococcus hoagii as a nomen ambiguum, nomen dubium and nomen perplexum in addition to nomen periculosum, and conservation of the name Rhodococcus equi, according to Rules 56ab of the Code.
Asunto(s)
Corynebacterium/clasificación , Filogenia , Rhodococcus equi/clasificaciónRESUMEN
Seven strains of an unidentifiable Corynebacterium species recovered from blood cultures, urine or cerebrospinal fluid over 26 years, closest to but differentiated from Corynebacterium imitans by 16S rRNA gene and partial rpoB gene sequencing, were studied. In November 2017, Atasayar et al. described a blood culture isolate as Corynebacterium gottingense sp. nov., which had >99â% similarity by 16S rRNA gene sequencing to the Canadian strains. In January 2018, Jani et al. described Corynebacterium godavarianum sp. nov., recovered from the Godavari River, India, which also had >99â% similarity by 16S/rpoB sequencing to the Canadian strains and C. gottingense. In May 2018, Wei et al. described Corynebacterium hadale recovered from hadopelagic water; this too had >99â% similarity by 16S rRNA gene sequencing to C. gottingense, C. godavarianum and the Canadian strains. C. gottingense DSM 103494T and C. godavarianum LMG 29598T were acquired and whole genome sequencing was performed (not previously done). Results were compared with genomes from C. hadale (GenBank accession NQMQ01) and the Canadian isolates. We found that these ten genomes formed a single taxon when compared using digital DNA-DNAhybridization, average nucleotide identity using blastn and average amino acid identity criteria but exhibited some subtle biochemical and chemotaxonomic differences. Heuristically, we propose that C. godavarianum and C. hadale are later heterotypic synonyms of, and the Canadian isolates are identifiable as, C. gottingense. We provide an emended description of Corynebacterium gottingense Atasayar et al. 2017; genomes ranged from 2.48 to 2.69 Mb (C. gottingense DSM 103494T, 2.62 Mb) with G+C content of 65.1-65.6 mol% (WGS), recovered from clinical and environmental sites.