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1.
Rev Bras Enferm ; 77(4): e20230119, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés, Portugués | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39319963

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: to describe researchers' experience in collecting data from families of femicide victims. METHODS: this descriptive, qualitative study took the form of an experience report and was conducted in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. It involved documentary consultation, training researchers, scheduling and conducting interviews, and using a field diary to record the researchers' perceptions and experiences. RESULTS: the descriptions and photographs of the crime scene were both distressing and impactful for the researchers. The mementos of the victims (including clothing, objects, and childhood photos) shown by their families were deeply moving. Identifying with these experiences facilitated listening to the stories told by the relatives. It was essential to maintain a non-judgmental attitude, acknowledge the loss, provide support for the suffering, and demonstrate a willingness to help. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the experience encompassed both theoretical and methodological aspects that were planned and executed in data collection, fostering the development of skills and sensitivity towards the cases. Beyond knowledge and preparation, researchers are expected to exhibit ethical conduct and empathetic capacity.


Asunto(s)
Recolección de Datos , Investigación Cualitativa , Investigadores , Humanos , Brasil , Femenino , Investigadores/psicología , Recolección de Datos/métodos , Recolección de Datos/normas , Homicidio/psicología , Víctimas de Crimen/psicología , Familia/psicología , Masculino , Adulto
2.
Rev Paul Pediatr ; 43: e2023215, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39258664

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the association between bullying victimization and health risk behaviors in adolescents. METHODS: A representative sample of 1020 adolescents participated in the study. The variables such as bullying, health risk behaviors (tobacco, drugs, alcohol, sedentary behavior, smartphone use, level of physical activity, and sleep), and economic status were assessed using self-reported questionnaires. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were obtained using binary logistic regression and ordinal, gross, and adjusted logistic regression (p<0.05). RESULTS: Victims of bullying were more likely to smoke (OR 1.75; 95%CI 1.28-2.40), consume alcohol (OR1.43; 95%CI 1.05-1.94), have worse sleep quality (OR 1.94; 95%CI 1.28-2.91), and more sedentary behavior (OR 1.43; 95%CI 1.08-1.89) than those who were not bullied. However, victims were more likely to have high levels of physical activity than their non-bullied peers (OR 1.66; 95%CI 1.22-2.27). CONCLUSIONS: Bullying victimization was associated with an increased predisposition for the adoption of health risk behaviors. Interestingly, victims were also more prone to participate in physical activity.


Asunto(s)
Acoso Escolar , Víctimas de Crimen , Conductas de Riesgo para la Salud , Humanos , Acoso Escolar/estadística & datos numéricos , Acoso Escolar/psicología , Adolescente , Masculino , Femenino , Víctimas de Crimen/estadística & datos numéricos , Víctimas de Crimen/psicología , Estudios Transversales , Conducta del Adolescente/psicología , Conducta Sedentaria , Autoinforme , Ejercicio Físico , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Brasil/epidemiología
3.
Cien Saude Colet ; 29(9): e08992023, 2024 Sep.
Artículo en Portugués, Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39194110

RESUMEN

Violence against women is defined as any act resulting from gender relations that cause death or physical, sexual, psychological, property and moral harm. Comprehensive care requires professionals understanding the support network to guide and refer women victims of violence to services and to value complaints/anxieties. The objective of this study was to identify the scientific production of comprehensive care for women victims of violence. This is an integrative literature review. Data collection was performed via a paired and independent search by two researchers in the Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, LILACS, BDENF and SciELO databases between January and February 2023. After applying the eligibility criteria and descriptors in health sciences and medical subject headings, ten articles were retrieved. IRAMUTEQ software was used for data analyses. There are great challenges in implementing comprehensive care, and violence against women, as a serious social problem, demands health, education, social assistance and public security policies. The comprehensive actions taken in the care of women victims of violence demonstrate a strong link with the practices of reception and humanization, in addition to an interdisciplinary and intersectoral scope.


A violência direcionada à mulher é definida como todo ato resultante das relações de gênero que cause morte, dano físico, sexual, psicológico, patrimonial e moral. O cuidado integral possibilita que o profissional conheça a rede de apoio, a fim de orientá-las e encaminhá-las aos serviços, e valorize queixas/anseios. Objetivou-se identificar a produção científica acerca do cuidado integral às mulheres vítimas de violência. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. A coleta de dados ocorreu com busca pareada e independente de duas pesquisadoras, nos bancos Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, LILACS, BDENF e SciELO, no período de janeiro e fevereiro de 2023. Foram utilizados critérios de elegibilidade, Descritores em Ciências da Saúde e Medical Subject Headings, totalizando dez artigos. Na análise dos dados, utilizou-se o software Iramuteq. Verificou-se grandes desafios para o cuidado integral, e que a violência contra a mulher, por ser uma problemática social grave, demanda políticas de saúde, educação, assistência social e segurança pública. Conclui-se que as ações integrais no cuidado à mulher vítima de violência demonstram forte vínculo com as práticas de acolhimento, humanização, além de perpassarem o âmbito interdisciplinar e intersetorial.


Asunto(s)
Atención Integral de Salud , Violencia de Género , Humanos , Femenino , Atención Integral de Salud/organización & administración , Víctimas de Crimen/psicología
4.
Rev Lat Am Enfermagem ; 32: e4251, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés, Portugués, Español | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39166624

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: to describe the feelings expressed by health professionals when caring for child and adolescent victims of sexual violence from the theoretical perspective of Symbolic Interactionism. METHOD: qualitative research carried out with 30 female health professionals. An instrument was used consisting of closed questions for sociodemographic data and a script with open questions for interviews. The data was organized and analyzed using Nvivo software version 12, according to Bardin's proposal, from the perspective of Symbolic Interactionism in the work of Charles Morris. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. RESULTS: five thematic categories emerged, revealing feelings of empathy, fear, indignation, suffering, and consternation. These feelings remained in the interviewees' memories, making caring for child and adolescent victims of sexual violence a moving and difficult experience that deeply marks the life of the health professional. CONCLUSION: there is a need to adopt strategies to support the mental health of professionals who work in services that provide general care to children and adolescents, considering that there is a possibility that they will provide care to child and adolescent victims of sexual violence in compliance with pre-existing public policies. HIGHLIGHTS: (1) Feelings stem from individual impressions in line with social interaction. (2) Caring for child and adolescent victims has a negative impact on professionals' emotions. (3) Service managers need to pay attention to the health of professionals who assist victims.


Asunto(s)
Personal de Salud , Investigación Cualitativa , Delitos Sexuales , Humanos , Femenino , Adolescente , Niño , Personal de Salud/psicología , Delitos Sexuales/psicología , Adulto , Emociones , Persona de Mediana Edad , Empatía , Abuso Sexual Infantil/psicología , Actitud del Personal de Salud , Víctimas de Crimen/psicología
5.
Cien Saude Colet ; 29(7): e03672024, 2024 Jul.
Artículo en Portugués, Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38958325

RESUMEN

This article aimed to know a Shelter for women in situations of intimate partner violence at imminent risk of death located in the state of Rio de Janeiro from the perception of its professionals. To this end, this qualitative research adopted semi-structured interviews with seven professionals directly involved with the care and assistance to the Shelter's user population. The findings were interpreted through Bardin's thematic content analysis. Moreover, the profile of the women and children sheltered in 2021 was drawn based on the data provided by the institution. In conceptual terms, this work focused on intersectional feminist theoretical references. Among the results, we argue that the shelter is permeated by contradictions, from its normative idealizations to institutional practices: on the one hand, the shelter represents the possibility of salvation, that is, of interrupting the escalation of violence and, therefore, preventing femicide. However, on the other hand, it appears as an upside-down prison, which "incarcerates" the victims. We highlight the importance of thinking about new ways to ensure protection for women who need this shelter.


O artigo teve como objetivo conhecer uma casa-abrigo para mulheres em situação de violência por parceiros íntimos (VPI) em risco iminente de morte localizada no estado do Rio de Janeiro a partir da percepção de seus profissionais. Para tanto, a pesquisa teve abordagem qualitativa e foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com sete profissionais envolvidos/as diretamente no atendimento e na assistência às mulheres atendidas pela casa-abrigo. A interpretação dos achados se deu por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo temática preconizada por Bardin. Além disso, foi traçado o perfil das mulheres e crianças abrigadas no ano de 2021, com base nos dados disponibilizados pela instituição. Em termos conceituais, este trabalho debruçou-se sobre referenciais teóricos feministas interseccionais. Entre os resultados, argumenta-se que a casa-abrigo está permeada por contradições, desde suas normativas às práticas institucionais: por um lado, representa uma possibilidade de "salvação", isto é, de interrupção da escalada da violência e, portanto, de impedimento do feminicídio, mas, por outro, aparece como uma prisão "às avessas", que "prende" as vítimas. Aponta-se a importância e a urgência de pensar novas formas de garantir proteção às mulheres que necessitam desse tipo de abrigamento.


Asunto(s)
Entrevistas como Asunto , Violencia de Pareja , Prisiones , Investigación Cualitativa , Humanos , Femenino , Brasil , Violencia de Pareja/prevención & control , Prisioneros/psicología , Adulto , Víctimas de Crimen/psicología , Feminismo
6.
Cien Saude Colet ; 29(7): e04012024, 2024 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38958329

RESUMEN

This study aims to analyze the association between bullying behaviors, adverse childhood experiences and social capital in late adolescence. Secondary school students aged 15-19 of a metropolitan region of Brazil were recruited for a sectional epidemiological survey, with a sample of 2,281 students, stratified by municipality of school location. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed from three instruments: Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire, Childhood Adversity History Questionnaire and Integrated Questionnaire to Measure Social Capital, in adapted versions. The results showed that the factors associated with bullying victims were gender and adversity in childhood. The factors associated to bullying aggressors were gender, childhood adversities, and cognitive social capital. And the factors associated with bullying aggressor-victims were gender, childhood adversities, and cognitive social capital. It is concluded that bullying is associated with adversity in childhood and also with cognitive social capital and they point out the need to address the causes of violence in order to provide a healthy and safe development for children and adolescents, preventing negative outcomes for physical and mental health.


Asunto(s)
Experiencias Adversas de la Infancia , Acoso Escolar , Capital Social , Estudiantes , Humanos , Acoso Escolar/estadística & datos numéricos , Acoso Escolar/psicología , Adolescente , Femenino , Masculino , Brasil/epidemiología , Experiencias Adversas de la Infancia/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios Transversales , Adulto Joven , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Estudiantes/psicología , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Víctimas de Crimen/estadística & datos numéricos , Víctimas de Crimen/psicología , Factores Sexuales , Violencia/estadística & datos numéricos , Violencia/psicología
7.
BMC Public Health ; 24(1): 1797, 2024 Jul 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38969981

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Interpersonal violence is a phenomenon that can occur with different people and conditions. However, people with intellectual disabilities have increased vulnerability to this problem, with potential risks to their health and well-being. The aim of this study was to identify the sociodemographic characteristics of people with disabilities who have been victims of interpersonal violence, the profile of the perpetrators and the measures taken after the victims have been cared for. METHODS: This is an exploratory, descriptive, cross-sectional study using the Interpersonal Violence Notification Forms entered into the Brazilian Ministry of Health's Notifiable Diseases Information System. The city of São Paulo was chosen as the setting because it is the largest city in Latin America and has a faster data processing system than other cities. The period covered notifications made between 2016 and 2022. The information was collected between October and November 2023 and a univariate statistical analysis was carried out. Fisher's exact test was used, with a significance level of 5% (α = 0.05). RESULTS: There were 4,603 notifications against people with intellectual disabilities in the period. The forms of physical violence, neglect/abandonment and psychological/moral violence were more frequent in the 15-19 age group, while sexual violence was more frequent in the 10-14 age group (p < 0.001). The sex most often attacked was female in all the forms investigated (p < 0.001) and the skin colors of the most victimized people were black and/or brown, except in cases of neglect/abandonment (p = 0.058). Most of the victims had little schooling (p = 0.012). The aggressions were committed by one person (p < 0.001), known or related to the victim, such as mother or father, except in cases of sexual violence, where strangers were the main perpetrators (p < 0.001). The sex of the perpetrator was male, except in cases of neglect and/or abandonment (p < 0.001), and the age was between 25 and 29 (p = 0.004). In cases of sexual violence, rape was the most frequent and the procedures carried out were blood collection followed by prophylaxis for Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) were the main procedures carried out by health professionals (p = 0.004). The majority of referrals made after receiving care were to the health and social assistance network, with few referrals to bodies such as the human rights reference center, guardianship council and police stations (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: People with intellectual disabilities are highly vulnerable to the forms of violence studied, especially children and adolescents, black or brown, with low levels of education. The perpetrators are usually close people, male and older than the victims. The referrals made by health professionals did not prioritize the victim's safety and the guarantee of human rights. Lines of care for the health of victims of violence should be implemented, taking into account special aspects, such as people with intellectual disabilities, whose search for help can be difficult.


Asunto(s)
Víctimas de Crimen , Discapacidad Intelectual , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiología , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto , Discapacidad Intelectual/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Persona de Mediana Edad , Víctimas de Crimen/estadística & datos numéricos , Víctimas de Crimen/psicología , Niño , Violencia/estadística & datos numéricos , Violencia/psicología , Derivación y Consulta/estadística & datos numéricos , Preescolar , Anciano
8.
J Affect Disord ; 363: 626-633, 2024 Oct 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39032714

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is prevalent in low and middle-income countries, such as Haiti. However, there is little research on its association with mental health problems such as psychological distress and depression. Although there is evidence that men may experience IPV, few studies have investigated mental health difficulties among Haitian men and women. The present study aims to 1) assess the prevalence of depressive symptoms and psychological distress in this population and 2) examine the association between IPV, psychological distress, and depression while considering potential risk and protective factors. METHOD: A representative sample of 3,586 adolescents and young adults aged 15 to 24 living in Haiti was recruited. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the association between IPV, depressive symptoms, and psychological distress. RESULTS: Almost half of the sample reported depressive symptoms and psychological distress, with high rates among both genders. IPV was found to be an independent predictor of both depressive symptoms and psychological distress after accounting for risk and protective factors. LIMITATION: This study is the first step in understanding the interplay between IPV victimization, risk and protective factors, and psychological difficulties in this population. However, because of the cross-sectional design, causality should not be inferred. Furthermore, this study did not measure community violence, which could have affected participants' mental health. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the importance of considering the occurrence of IPV victimization when evaluating depression and psychological distress among adolescents and young adults.


Asunto(s)
Depresión , Violencia de Pareja , Distrés Psicológico , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Haití/epidemiología , Violencia de Pareja/estadística & datos numéricos , Violencia de Pareja/psicología , Adulto Joven , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/psicología , Estudios Transversales , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Estrés Psicológico/epidemiología , Estrés Psicológico/psicología , Adulto , Víctimas de Crimen/estadística & datos numéricos , Víctimas de Crimen/psicología
9.
Behav Sci Law ; 42(5): 525-542, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38863119

RESUMEN

Few studies have examined victim participation in parole processes, particularly in countries that have specific procedures for hearing victims' statements in post-conviction proceedings. This study, through in-depth interviews, explores the experiences of seven indirect victims of child sexual homicide, identifying their needs and expectations in a justice system lacking formal mechanisms for their involvement. Results emphasize the necessity for official information for families and the consequent frustration from the absence of formal participation. Parole application becomes a new challenge to the ongoing grieving process, leading to distress responses that may require specialized care. Recommendations about formal mechanisms for victim notification, participation and support during the parole process are noted to acknowledge their experience and emotional impact.


Asunto(s)
Víctimas de Crimen , Homicidio , Humanos , Masculino , Niño , Femenino , Víctimas de Crimen/psicología , Adulto , Homicidio/psicología , Abuso Sexual Infantil/psicología , Entrevistas como Asunto , Persona de Mediana Edad
10.
Psychiatry Res ; 338: 115981, 2024 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38838384

RESUMEN

Although the high prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) in Haiti is well-documented, its association with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among adolescents and young adults remains unexplored. Using a representative sample of adolescents and young adults from rural and urban areas across the 10 geographical regions of Haiti, this study investigates the association between IPV and PTSD symptoms. It explores the role of social support, emotion regulation, other traumatic events, and sociodemographic factors. The sample consisted of 3,586 participants, of whom 43.21 % (1,538) reported being in a dating relationship in the past year (56.04 % women). Overall, 25.53 % of the participants were categorized as having probable PTSD. Results showed that participants who experienced at least one episode of IPV victimization presented a higher prevalence of PTSD (32.28 %) compared to those who did not have any experience (16.29 %), χ2 (1) = 44.83, p < .001. The logistic regression model showed that emotional IPV, sexual IPV, traumatic life events, emotional dysregulation, and social support were associated with PTSD symptoms. This study highlights a strong association between IPV and PTSD symptoms, as well as factors that can contribute to the development and implementation of prevention and intervention programs among adolescents and young adults in Haiti.


Asunto(s)
Violencia de Pareja , Apoyo Social , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático , Humanos , Haití/epidemiología , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/epidemiología , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/psicología , Femenino , Adolescente , Masculino , Violencia de Pareja/estadística & datos numéricos , Violencia de Pareja/psicología , Adulto Joven , Adulto , Prevalencia , Víctimas de Crimen/estadística & datos numéricos , Víctimas de Crimen/psicología , Regulación Emocional/fisiología
11.
Psychiatry Res ; 337: 115968, 2024 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38820653

RESUMEN

This paper analyzed the role of depression as a mediator in the association between bullying, cyberbullying, and suicide risk in adolescent females. A total of 751 Colombian adolescent females (M= 13.71, SD=1.897), who were administered the Plutchik Suicide Risk Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, the European Bullying Intervention Project Questionnaire and Cyberbullying. Bullying victimization and aggression and cyberbullying victimization were found to contribute statistically significant effects that explaining 22 % of the variance in depression. The variables of victimization in bullying and cyberbullying and depression explained 64 % of the variance in suicidal risk, and depression mediated the association between victim and aggressor roles in bullying and cyberbullying in predicting suicidal risk, whose total direct and indirect effects are statistically significant. The findings support the role of depression as a mediating variable between bullying and cyberbullying and suicidal risk in female adolescents and highlight the importance of focusing prevention and intervention efforts on risk factors for depression and suicidal behavior in cases of bullying and cyberbullying.


Asunto(s)
Acoso Escolar , Víctimas de Crimen , Ciberacoso , Depresión , Suicidio , Humanos , Femenino , Adolescente , Acoso Escolar/psicología , Acoso Escolar/estadística & datos numéricos , Ciberacoso/psicología , Ciberacoso/estadística & datos numéricos , Depresión/psicología , Depresión/epidemiología , Víctimas de Crimen/psicología , Víctimas de Crimen/estadística & datos numéricos , Suicidio/psicología , Suicidio/estadística & datos numéricos , Factores de Riesgo , Niño , Colombia/epidemiología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Agresión/psicología , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica
12.
Acta Psychol (Amst) ; 247: 104310, 2024 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38761756

RESUMEN

Prevalence estimates of sibling bullying indicate it occurs more frequently and with more negative consequences than peer bullying, yet many countries do not track or investigate the phenomenon. University students from Argentina, Estonia, and the United States were surveyed to investigate their retrospective experiences involving sibling bullying, how often it occurred, the roles held, and the forms communicated. In the aggregated data, roughly 50 % of the sampled emerging adults (N = 3477) reported experience with sibling bullying, with the dual role of bully-victim being the most frequently reported role held by males and females, with the second role being bully for males and victim for females. Verbal forms of bullying were most frequently reported by males and females, with physical, relational, and technological forms occurring less frequently, indicating the importance of studying the messages conveyed during bullying incidents. Variations between biological sex, bullying role and form were detected that indicate siblings experience bullying in ways that are unique from peer bullying. Country comparisons revealed bullying frequencies varied among males and females, suggesting sibling bullying experiences are likely to be culturally influenced. More research is warranted to examine the negative impact bullying has on sibling psycho-social development and the potential transfer to non-familial relationships and contexts. Discussion of these findings and the implications for academics and practitioners alike is provided.


Asunto(s)
Acoso Escolar , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Acoso Escolar/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto Joven , Prevalencia , Adulto , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Argentina/epidemiología , Adolescente , Estonia/epidemiología , Relaciones entre Hermanos , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudiantes/psicología , Comparación Transcultural , Hermanos , Víctimas de Crimen/estadística & datos numéricos , Víctimas de Crimen/psicología
13.
Cien Saude Colet ; 29(5): e00092023, 2024 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38747756

RESUMEN

This article aims to identify the association of sociodemographic factors and lifestyle behaviours with bullying perpetration and victimization among high school students. The adolescents (n=852) answered a questionnaire about bullying (victims and perpetrators), sociodemographic factors (sex, age, maternal education, and participant's work status), tobacco use, alcohol use, illicit drug experimentation, physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration. Multilevel logistic regression models were performed. Older adolescents were less likely to be victims of bullying. Females were less likely to be perpetrators or victims of bullying. Adolescents who were working were more likely to be involved in bullying in both forms. Participation in non-sport activities and alcohol consumption were associated with higher odds of bullying victimization. We have identified specific populational subgroups that are more susceptible to being victims and/or perpetrators of bullying, which could support tailor-specific interventions to prevent bullying.


Asunto(s)
Acoso Escolar , Víctimas de Crimen , Estilo de Vida , Estudiantes , Humanos , Adolescente , Brasil , Femenino , Acoso Escolar/estadística & datos numéricos , Masculino , Víctimas de Crimen/estadística & datos numéricos , Víctimas de Crimen/psicología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudiantes/psicología , Factores Sociodemográficos , Factores Sexuales , Estudios Transversales , Factores de Edad , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiología , Conducta del Adolescente/psicología
14.
Cad Saude Publica ; 40(1): e00058123, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38324861

RESUMEN

The association between community violence and mental health has been studied by reports of individual experiences, particularly in adolescents and youths, but little is known about the effect of living in disordered and violent communities. This study aims to determine the possible relation between living in disordered and violent community environments and psychological distress in Mexican adolescents and youths regardless of their individual experience of victimization and to assess the potential modifying effect of sex and age on this association. Data come from a cross-sectional survey with a representative sample of adolescents and youths living in Mexican municipalities, including 39,639 participants aged from 12 to 29 years. Disordered and violent community environments were assessed using reports from a secondary sample of adults who lived in the same communities as participants. Using exploratory factor analysis, three contextual variables related to disordered and violent community environment were created: social disorder, vandalism, and criminality. Multilevel linear regression models with random intercept were estimated. Adolescents and youths who lived in environments with higher social disorder had more psychological distress. Men in environments with greater vandalism had a higher level of psychological distress. Unexpectedly, women from communities with higher levels of crime had fewer symptoms. It is necessary to address the violence that exists in these communities, creating strategies that reduce not only crime, but also the social disorder and vandalism that could contribute to developing negative effects on mental health.


Asunto(s)
Víctimas de Crimen , Exposición a la Violencia , Pueblos de América del Norte , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Víctimas de Crimen/psicología , Estudios Transversales , Violencia , Niño , Adulto Joven
15.
Child Abuse Negl ; 150: 106336, 2024 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37442669

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Violence against children and youth poses public health risks regarding mental health symptoms and substance use. Less studied is the relationship between violence and mental health/substance abuse in the Latin American context. This study explored sex-stratified relationships between violence and mental health/substance use among Colombian youth. METHODS: We analyzed the 2018 Colombian Violence Against Children and Youth Survey, which collected cross-sectional data from Colombian youth (13-24 years) (n = 2705). Exposure variables were (i) binary sexual, emotional, and physical victimization and (ii) poly-victimization. The outcomes were binary suicidal thoughts, self-harm, past-month psychological distress, binge drinking, smoking, and drug use. Sex-stratified, logistic regressions were adjusted for age, primary school, parental presence, relationship status, and witnessing community violence. RESULTS: For females, (i) emotional violence (compared to being unexposed) was associated with greater odds of suicidal thoughts, self-harm, and psychological distress and (ii) sexual violence was associated with suicidal thoughts and self-harm. For males, (i) emotional violence (compared to being unexposed) was associated with greater odds of suicidal thoughts and psychological distress, but not self-harm and (ii) sexual violence exposure was associated with suicidal thoughts and self-harm. Physical violence was generally not associated with internalized mental health outcomes for females/males, when emotional and sexual violence were held constant. Poly-victimization was consistently and positively associated with internalized mental health symptoms among females, and to a lesser degree for males. Substance use outcomes for males or females were not associated with violence. CONCLUSIONS: Findings highlight the internalized mental health burden of emotional and sexual violence.


Asunto(s)
Víctimas de Crimen , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Humanos , Adolescente , Estudios Transversales , Colombia/epidemiología , Violencia/psicología , Víctimas de Crimen/psicología , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/epidemiología , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/psicología , Evaluación de Resultado en la Atención de Salud
16.
J Interpers Violence ; 39(11-12): 2552-2575, 2024 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38149609

RESUMEN

School violence and bullying are current and problematic events during adolescence. They are likely to have a marked presence in places highly exposed to armed conflict and violent environments, representing a double public health problem. The study aims to estimate the prevalence of different types of school violence perpetrated and experienced by school adolescents in a community with a history of exposure to armed conflict. Two thousand one hundred eighty-five school adolescents from a municipality in Colombia (males = 54.1%, 14-16 years = 38.6%) participated in the study. Nine educational institutions were included. A systematic random sampling was designed, with a proportional allocation of 35% within each school year from sixth to eleventh grade. The School Coexistence and Circumstances Affecting it-ECECA survey was applied. The prevalence and risks of bully and bullying were estimated. RRa were calculated with the 95% confidence interval adjusted for the other confounding variables. Analyses were constructed from generalized linear models, under the Poisson family and a logarithmic link function. We found a 9.3% of bullying victimization and a 3.5% prevalence of bully. A higher risk of bully was found among males, persons between 10 and 14 years of age, residents of rural or urban dispersed areas, residents of violent neighborhoods, alcohol consumers at school, and victims of aggression in childhood (RRa > 1.0, p-values <.05). The risk of victimization of bullying was higher in students younger than 15 years old, as residents of urban areas, having a history of childhood aggression, suffering abuse by a close person, and as alcohol users at school. This study provides evidence of risk factors for aggression and bullying that have implications for possible prevention measures in multiple social domains, including the individual, the family, and the school environment.


Asunto(s)
Conflictos Armados , Acoso Escolar , Humanos , Adolescente , Acoso Escolar/estadística & datos numéricos , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios Transversales , Factores de Riesgo , Colombia/epidemiología , Niño , Víctimas de Crimen/estadística & datos numéricos , Víctimas de Crimen/psicología , Instituciones Académicas , Prevalencia , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudiantes/psicología , Conducta del Adolescente/psicología , Agresión
17.
J Interpers Violence ; 39(9-10): 2290-2317, 2024 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38158738

RESUMEN

Fear of victimization (FOV) is a powerful determinant of behavior and prompts behavioral responses such as avoidance, associated with a decline in health-promoting activities and quality of life. Avoidance behaviors, which include constraining activities to perceived safe areas and avoiding areas regarded as unsafe, are of particular interest due to their high prevalence as a coping response to FOV and their link to adverse physical and mental health. Most research on FOV-related avoidance treats it as a single construct and have yet to elucidate the potential heterogeneity within this set of behaviors. We argue that such approach could mask potential heterogeneity among people who respond to FOV through avoidance and how they adapt to manage perceived risk. Our analysis extends the foundational knowledge regarding FOV-related avoidance using a person-centered approach. We attempted to capture distinct profiles across avoidance behaviors and how they are shaped by physical and social vulnerabilities. Data from the 2021 Mexico's National Survey of Victimization and Perception of Security Survey (n = 83,696) was analyzed using Latent Class Analysis focusing on 15 avoidance behaviors (e.g., stopped using public transportation). We conducted multinomial logistic regression to test whether age, gender, education, and neighborhood deprivation significantly predicted class membership. Findings revealed three classes: avoidant (most behavioral adjustments across the board), cautious (only adapted some behaviors), and protective (least behavioral adjustments, but more concerned about minors in their households). The results supported the hypothesized associations between age, gender, education, and neighborhood deprivation with group membership, but the significance differed by group. This research underscores the role of environmental context in shaping individual perceptions of safety and avoidance behavior. Finally, contrary to the approach of treating avoidance behavior as a single category, these findings present a more complex picture as distinct and meaningful patterns emerged across the three groups.


Asunto(s)
Reacción de Prevención , Víctimas de Crimen , Humanos , Análisis de Clases Latentes , México , Calidad de Vida , Víctimas de Crimen/psicología , Miedo
18.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37835080

RESUMEN

The expression of homophobic violence in schools reveals the urgency of an analytical approach to debate the impact of this phenomenon on students' mental health. This article seeks to debate and better comprehend school memories from young gays, lesbians, and bisexuals, as well as to discuss how homophobic bullying affected their school trajectories. This study is based on cultural-historical psychology in intersection with gender and sexuality studies. In-depth online interviews were conducted with three young subjects who identified themselves as non-heterosexual. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed through the analytical discourse tool defined as Nuclei of Meanings. The results were organized in two topics of discussion: (a) the problems associated with non-heterosexual identity in schools; (b) the search for other ways of experiencing sexual identity in school. Throughout the article, reflections were held about the challenges participants had to deal with in order to regularly attend school and be educated, as well as the obstacles they faced in building their own ways of recognizing their sexual identity. The unique ways in which these young subjects took a stand in the face of homophobic situations show new methods to create educational interventions in order to include sexual diversity and openness to different possibilities of being and acting.


Asunto(s)
Acoso Escolar , Víctimas de Crimen , Masculino , Femenino , Humanos , Homofobia/psicología , Acoso Escolar/psicología , Instituciones Académicas , Conducta Sexual , Sexualidad/psicología , Víctimas de Crimen/psicología
19.
J Genet Psychol ; 184(6): 446-460, 2023.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37498873

RESUMEN

Community characteristics can explain differences in bullying rates between schools. Underpinned by the social-ecological model, this study examined the relationships among community violence exposure (CVE), moral emotions (guilt and sympathy), and bullying in adolescents. We also explored the moderating role of gender in these relationships. The sample included 915 adolescents (48.6% female and 51.4% male) aged 11-16 (M age = 13.76, SD = 0.82). Students responded to the self-report measures. We used a latent variable structural equation modeling (SEM) approach to examine the relationships between variables. The SEM indicated that CVE was negatively associated with moral emotions (guilt and sympathy) and positively associated with bullying. In addition, CVE had a negative indirect association with bullying through their negative relationship with moral emotions. The structural model is equivalent for both genders, suggesting gender does not moderate these relationships. These findings indicate that CVE are associated with differences in school bullying rates.


Asunto(s)
Acoso Escolar , Víctimas de Crimen , Exposición a la Violencia , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Exposición a la Violencia/psicología , Acoso Escolar/psicología , Emociones , Principios Morales , Instituciones Académicas , Víctimas de Crimen/psicología
20.
Cien Saude Colet ; 28(6): 1675-1684, 2023 Jun.
Artículo en Español | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37255145

RESUMEN

Studies suggest the existence of patterns of dating violence during adolescence. In the adolescent Mexican population, little is known about the patterns of face-to-face and cyber dating abuse and to what extent they can be explained by alcohol consumption. The aim of this research was to identify patterns of dating abuse victimization and to determine whether alcohol use predicts the patterns found. It was a cross-sectional study with an explanatory scope. A total of 398 adolescent students (62.8% women) from 15 to 18 years of age (M = 16.1 years; SD = 1) participated in the study. Latent class analysis was used, and three classes were found: 1) low generalized violence (45%); 2) moderate psychological violence and high digital control (38%); and 3) high generalized violence (17%). Alcohol consumption was found to be associated with the membership in the moderate psychological violence and high digital control (ß = 0.48, p = .022) and were included in the high generalized violence class (ß = 0.66, p = .004). It is important to consider, in the generation of interventions, the existence of patterns of violence in dating relationships among adolescents and the influence that alcohol consumption has on them.


Estudios sugieren la presencia de patrones de violencia en las relaciones de noviazgo durante la adolescencia. En la población adolescente mexicana se conoce poco sobre los patrones de abuso cara a cara y digital en el noviazgo y cómo pueden ser explicados por el consumo de alcohol. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar los patrones de victimización por abuso en las relaciones de noviazgo y determinar si el consumo de alcohol predice los patrones encontrados. Fue un estudio transversal con alcance explicativo. Participaron 398 adolescentes estudiantes (62.8% mujeres) de 15 a 18 años de edad (M = 16.1 años; DT = 1). Se usó un análisis de clases latentes y se encontraron tres clases: 1) violencia generalizada baja (45%), 2) violencia psicológica moderada y control digital alto (38%) y 3) violencia generalizada alta (17%). Se encontró que el consumo de alcohol se asoció con la pertenencia a la clase de violencia psicológica moderada y control digital alto (ß = 0.48, p = .022) y con la pertenencia a la clase de violencia generalizada alta (ß = 0.66, p = .004). Es importante considerar, en la generación de intervenciones, la existencia de patrones de violencia en el noviazgo en adolescentes y la influencia que tiene el consumo de alcohol sobre estos.


Asunto(s)
Conducta del Adolescente , Víctimas de Crimen , Violencia de Pareja , Humanos , Adolescente , Femenino , Masculino , México/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Víctimas de Crimen/psicología , Violencia de Pareja/psicología , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiología , Estudiantes , Conducta del Adolescente/psicología
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