Seeds of Cucurbita maxima and Carica papaya are effective for controlling monogeneans in the gills of Leporinus macrocephalus / Sementes de Cucurbita maxima e Carica papaya são eficazes no controle de monogenéticos das brânquias de Leporinus macrocephalus

This study was carried out to evaluate the anthelminthic efficacy of seeds of Cucurbita maxima and Carica papaya for controlling monogeneans in the gills of Leporinus macrocephalus, besides hepatosomatic and splenosomatic index and condition factor of host. The fish were fed with seeds of C. maxima or C. papaya for seven days, and these treatments did not cause any mortality among them. Jainus leporini, Urocleidoides paradoxus, Urocleidoides eremitus and Tereancistrum parvus were the monogeneans found, and their prevalence in fish fed with seeds of C. papaya was 100%, while in fish fed with C. maxima the prevalence was 42.8%. Fish fed with seeds of C. papaya showed decreased in intensity and abundance of monogeneans, while fish fed with seeds of C. maxima presented decreased in abundance. Feeding of L. macrocephalus with seeds of C. maxima or C. papaya had efficacy of 69.6 and 67.8%, respectively. The hepatosomatic index of fish fed with seeds of C. maxima or C. papaya was not affected by the treatments. However, the splenosomatic index and condition factor of fish fed with C. maxima seeds decreased. Seeds of C. maxima and C. papaya may be used for controlling monogeneans of L. macrocephalus in fish farming.(AU)

Este estudo avaliou a eficácia antihelmíntica de sementes de Cucurbita maxima e Carica papaya no controle de monogenéticos das brânquias de Leporinus macrocephalus, além do índice hepatossomático e esplenossomático e do fator de condição do hospedeiro. Os peixes foram alimentados com sementes de C. maxima ou C. papaya durante sete dias, e os tratamentos não causaram mortalidade. Monogenéticos Jainus leporini, Urocleidoides paradoxus, Urocleidoides eremitus e Tereancistrum parvus tiveram prevalência de 100% nos peixes alimentados com sementes de C. papaya, enquanto nos peixes alimentados com C. maxima a prevalência foi de 42,8%. Os peixes alimentados com sementes de C. papaya apresentaram diminuição na intensidade média e abundância média de monogenéticos, enquanto os peixes alimentados com sementes de C. maxima apresentaram uma diminuição na abundância média. A alimentação de L. macrocephalus com sementes de C. maxima ou C. papaya teve eficácia de 69,6 e 67,8%, respectivamente. O índice hepatossomático dos peixes alimentados com sementes de C. maxima ou C. papaya não foi afetada pelos tratamentos. No entanto, o índice esplenossomático e o fator de condição dos peixes alimentados com sementes de C. maxima diminuíram. Sementes de C. maxima e C. papaya podem ser usadas no controle de monogenéticos das brânquias de L. macrocephalus em piscicultura.(AU)

Actividad antibacteriana del extracto total de hojas de Cucurbita moschata Duchesne (Ahuyama) / Antibacterial activity of total extract from leaves of Cucurbita moschata Duchesne (ahuyama)

Introduction: Cucurbita moschata Duchesne (ahuyama) is grown across America as well as in the Middle East and Europe. It has been used as alternative medicine since ancient times. In the northern section of the department of Bolívar, Colombia, the plant is used by peasants to treat skin infections, hence our interest in conducting this study. Objective: Evaluate the antibacterial activity of total extract from leaves ofC. moschata against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Methods: Fresh leaves of C. moschata were classified taxonomically using standard methods. The leaves were dried in an oven and pulverized in a blade mill. Extraction was performed by cold solid-liquid percolation and concentration in a rotary evaporator. Antibacterial activity of the ethanolic and hexanic extracts was evaluated in vitro against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method, in compliance with guidelines from the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Results: The hexanic extract caused significant inhibition from dilution 0.16 µg/mL for S. aureus strain ATCC 43300, and from dilution 19.5 µg/mL for strain ATCC 25923 (MSSA). The ethanolic and hexanic extracts significantly inhibited the growth of the clinical E. coli strain, whereas no significant inhibition was observed for K. pneumoniae at any of the concentrations tested. Conclusions: For the first time it was shown that the total hexanic extract of leaves of C. moschata had the greatest inhibition power against clinical strains of S. aureus and E. coli. The antimicrobial potential of this native species from the Colombian Caribbean has been recognized, and it is recommended to conduct assays with a larger number of human pathogens(AU)

Introducción: Cucurbita moschata Duchesne (Ahuyama) es cultivada en toda América, así como en Medio Oriente y Europa. Es utilizada desde la antigüedad como medicina alternativa. En la zona norte del departamento de Bolívar-Colombia es empleada por los campesinos para tratar infecciones en la piel, lo que generó el interés por desarrollar esta investigación. Objetivo: evaluar la actividad antibacteriana del extracto total de hojas de C. moschata frente a Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae y Escherichia coli. Métodos: hojas frescas de C. moschata fueron clasificadas taxonómicamente de acuerdo a métodos estándares. La obtención de los extractos se realizó por secado en horno, pulverización en molino de cuchilla, extracción por percolación sólido-líquido en frío y concentración en evaporador rotatorio. La actividad antibacteriana de los extractos etanólicos y hexánicos se evaluó in vitro frente a Staphylococcus aureus meticilino resistente, Escherichia coli y Klebsiella pneumoniae, mediante el método de Concentración Inhibitoria Mínima (CIM), siguiendo los lineamientos establecidos por Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Resultados: el extracto hexánico generó inhibición significativa desde la dilución 0,16 µg/mL para la cepa de S. aureus ATCC 43300. Para la cepa ATCC 25923 (MSSA) el extracto hexánico generó inhibición significativa desde la dilución 19,5 µg/mL. Los extractos etanólico y hexánico inhibieron significativamente el crecimiento de la cepa clínica de E. coli., mientras que para K. pneumoniae no hubo inhibición significativa en ninguna de las concentraciones evaluadas. Conclusiones: se demostró por primera vez que el extracto hexánico total de hojas de C. moschata tuvo el mayor poder de inhibición frente a las cepas clínicas de S. aureus y E. coli. Se reconoce el potencial antimicrobiano de esta especie autóctona de la costa del Caribe colombiano y se recomienda realizar ensayos en un número mayor de patógenos humanos(AU)

Effect of infiltrated polyamines on polygalacturonase activity and chilling injury responses in zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo L.).

The effect of exogenous polyamines on electrolyte leakage, chilling index, polygalacturonase activity (PG), ethylene production, and firmness in zucchini squash fruits stored for 12 days at 2 degrees C or 10 degrees C, 85-90% RH was evaluated. Fruits were infiltrated with putrescine (PUT) spermidine (SPD) and spermine (SPM) at 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 2.0, and 4.0 mM. All polyamines exerted a protective effect on cell and organelle membranes. The most effective was SPD, which reduced electrolyte leakage between 62% and 82%, compared to control fruits stored at 2 degrees C. At 10 degrees C they did not exhibit chilling injury (CI) symptoms, while at 2 degrees C SPM (0.5 mM) and SPD (0.5 mM) diminished them 92% and 100%, respectively; which extended storage life for 8-10 days at 2 degrees C. High concentrations of polyamines (>2.0 mM) caused the appearance of CI symptoms. PG activity diminished proportionally to the concentration of polyamine except for the concentration at 4.0 mM. No significant changes were observed in ethylene production.