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1.
J Lipid Res ; 65(8): 100586, 2024 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38942113

RESUMEN

Increasing evidence hints that DNA hypermethylation may mediate the pathogenic response to cardiovascular risk factors. Here, we tested a corollary of that hypothesis, that is, that the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor decitabine (Dec) ameliorates the metabolic profile of mice fed a moderately high-animal fat and protein diet (HAFPD), a proxy of cardiovascular risk-associated Western-type diet. HAFPD-fed mice were exposed to Dec or vehicle for eight weeks (8W set, 4-32/group). To assess any memory of past exposure to Dec, we surveyed a second mice set treated as 8W but HAFPD-fed for further eight weeks without any Dec (16W set, 4-20/group). In 8W, Dec markedly reduced HAFPD-induced body weight gain in females, but marginally in males. Characterization of females revealed that Dec augmented skeletal muscle lipid content, while decreasing liver fat content and increasing plasma nonesterified fatty acids, adipose insulin resistance, and-although marginally-whole blood acylcarnitines, compared to HAFPD alone. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial DNA copy number was higher in 8W mice exposed to HAFPD and Dec, or in 16W mice fed HAFPD only, relative to 8W mice fed HAFPD only, but Dec induced a transcriptional profile indicative of ameliorated mitochondrial function. Memory of past Dec exposure was tissue-specific and sensitive to both duration of exposure to HAFPD and age. In conclusion, Dec redirected HAFPD-induced lipid accumulation toward the skeletal muscle, likely due to augmented mitochondrial functionality and increased lipid demand. As caveat, Dec induced adipose insulin resistance. Our findings may help identifying strategies for prevention and treatment of lipid dysmetabolism.


Asunto(s)
Decitabina , Dieta Alta en Grasa , Animales , Ratones , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Femenino , Decitabina/farmacología , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Proteínas en la Dieta/farmacología , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacos , Metilación de ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Resistencia a la Insulina
2.
Fish Physiol Biochem ; 50(1): 259-271, 2024 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37847337

RESUMEN

This study investigated the effect of different levels of digestible protein (DP) on blood metabolites, hepatic enzyme activity of glycolysis and amino acid metabolism, energy reserves, and the production characteristics of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) during the finishing growth phase. Six semi purified and isoenergetic diets, containing 16.3, 20.1, 23.8, 27.2, 31.5, and 34.8% of balanced DP, provided with essential amino acid balance, were hand-fed to pacu (1100.0 ± 10.3 g, initial weight) three times daily for 7 weeks. The experiment consisted of six treatments, with three randomly arranged replicates (tanks) per treatment. The data obtained from this experiment were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and significant differences (p < 0.05) between treatments were determined using Tukey's test. Blood metabolites, except serum ammonia and the hepatic enzymes activities of glycolysis and amino acid metabolism, except hexokinase activity were affected (p < 0.05) by balanced DP. The energy reserve indices, except hepatic total lipid content, were also found associated (p < 0.05) with balanced DP. The test diets significantly (p < 0.05) affected growth performance parameters. Higher dietary proteins led to a greater energy uptake by fish from the protein in feed. Overall, fish fed the intermediate level (23.8%) of balanced DP with digestible energy of 17.95 MJ kg-1 showed better production traits and physio-biochemical health markers. This information could help nutritionists and farmers to develop nutritionally balanced and economically and environmentally sustainable aquafeed for promoting healthy and sustainable production of pacu in intensive culture systems.


Asunto(s)
Characiformes , Dieta , Animales , Dieta/veterinaria , Aminoácidos Esenciales , Proteínas en la Dieta/farmacología , Aumento de Peso , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Metabolismo Energético
3.
Homeopathy ; 112(2): 107-109, 2023 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36055288

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Homeopathic products (HP) have been proposed for the prevention of disease and as a complementary dietary additive in pig farming, with resulting improved performance and quality of life of the animals and with benefits for food safety. The aim of this study was to assess the addition of HP to pig feed and its effects on growth performance, dietary protein utilization, nutrient digestibility, meat quality, and economic feasibility. METHODS: A total of 80 male pigs, body weight 32.8±2.3kg, were allocated in a randomized design, with two treatments of 10 replications and four animals per experimental unit. Treatments were composed of a control diet (CD) or CD+HP (Finalvitaplus+Figotonus, 1.1kg/ton feed of each product). The outcome measures used were growth performance (body weight gain) and feed efficiency (body weight gain per unit of feed consumed), efficiency of dietary protein utilization (blood urea nitrogen), nutrient digestibility (apparent digestibility coefficient and apparent nutrient digestibility), meat quality (including pH, temperature, color, liquid loss by cooking and thawing, intramuscular fat and meat tenderness), and economic feasibility (cost of the diets). RESULTS: There was no effect (p >0.05) of treatments on growth performance of the pigs, though the group that received HP showed an 8.93% greater feed efficiency than the control group (p=0.077). The animals in the control group had a 14.37% higher blood urea nitrogen concentration in the finishing I phase (70-100kg body weight) compared with those fed HP (p=0.028), indicating lower protein utilization in the controls. There was comparative improvement in digestibility coefficient and in nutrient digestibility in pigs fed HP in the growing-finishing phase (p <0.05). There was no differential effect of treatments on meat quality or economic feasibility (p >0.05). CONCLUSION: The addition of HP to the diet of growing-finishing pigs produced some improvement in their dietary protein utilization, nutrient digestibility and feed efficiency, though it did not affect their growth performance, meat quality or economic feasibility.


Asunto(s)
Homeopatía , Calidad de Vida , Animales , Masculino , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Peso Corporal , Dieta/veterinaria , Proteínas en la Dieta/farmacología , Digestión , Porcinos
4.
Trop Anim Health Prod ; 53(2): 201, 2021 Mar 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33687567

RESUMEN

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different traditional or alternative energy and protein sources, associated or not, on feeding behavior, ruminal kinetics, and post-ruminal flow of nutrients. Besides, it was assessed diets' effects on different sites (reticulum and omasum) of buffaloes. Four ruminally cannulated male Murrah buffaloes (average initial weight of 637 ± 66.37 kg) were randomly distributed in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Treatments were arranged as 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. The first factor evaluated was the inclusion of energy sources (ground corn and crude glycerin), and the second factor was the inclusion of protein sources (soybean meal and cottonseed cake). Buffaloes fed cottonseed cake had a higher content of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and potentially digestible detergent fiber (pdNDF) in the rumen environment than buffaloes fed soybean meal. There was a sampling site effect on rumen digestion rates of pdNDF, passage rates of indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF), and pdNDF, and flow of iNDF. In this study, omasal collections were more representative. Total replacement of ground corn by crude glycerin promoted less NDF ruminal digestibility, and care should be taken to include this energy source. The cottonseed cake does not cause a difference in rumen dynamics and can totally replace soybean meal in feedlot buffaloes' diet.


Asunto(s)
Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales , Búfalos/metabolismo , Dieta/veterinaria , Proteínas en la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Omaso/química , Rumen/metabolismo , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Fibras de la Dieta/metabolismo , Proteínas en la Dieta/farmacología , Digestión , Glicerol , Gossypium , Masculino , Omaso/efectos de los fármacos , Omaso/metabolismo , Rumen/química , Rumen/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas de Soja , Zea mays
5.
Eur J Nutr ; 59(6): 2317-2332, 2020 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32648023

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: This systematic review aimed to synthesize the available evidence on the effects of a high-protein diet on appetite sensations in individuals with overweight and obesity. METHODS: Two authors independently conducted literature searches, study selection, design of the method, and quality appraisal. The main inclusion criteria were studies involving protocols that present a protein intake greater than 1.2 g/kg/day or 25% of the total daily energy content compared to a normal protein diet, i.e., 0.8-1.2 g/kg/day or 15%-20% of the total energy content. Studies that evaluated test meals or diet within a period of less than 7 days and participants with diabetes, cancer, or other specific conditions were excluded from this review. The literature search was updated until November 2019 using the main databases available. RESULTS: Of a total of 4191 records, ten articles met the inclusion criteria and included a total of 1079 subjects. In six studies, participants experienced enhanced fullness or satiety in response to a high-dietary protein intake, of which four studies had an intervention period of 10-12 weeks. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that among individuals with overweight or obesity, higher dietary protein intake may influence appetite sensations by enhancing fullness or satiety. The low level of evidence, due to the heterogeneity of the protocols and the high risk of bias, highlights the need for further studies to confirm these results.


Asunto(s)
Apetito/efectos de los fármacos , Apetito/fisiología , Proteínas en la Dieta/farmacología , Obesidad/fisiopatología , Sobrepeso/fisiopatología , Humanos , Sensación/efectos de los fármacos
6.
Nutrients ; 12(3)2020 Feb 28.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32121154

RESUMEN

The present study verified the responses of proteins related to the autophagy pathway after 10 h of fast with resistance exercise and protein ingestion in skeletal muscle and liver samples. The rats were distributed into five experimental groups: control (CT; sedentary and without gavage after fast), exercise immediately (EXE-imm; after fast, rats were submitted to the resistance protocol and received water by gavage immediately after exercise), exercise after 1 h (EXE-1h; after fast, rats were submitted to the resistance protocol and received water by gavage 1 h after exercise), exercise and supplementation immediately after exercise (EXE/Suppl-imm; after fast, rats were submitted to the resistance protocol and received a mix of casein: whey protein 1:1 (w/w) by gavage immediately after exercise), exercise and supplementation 1 h after exercise (EXE/Suppl-1h; after fast, rats were submitted to the resistance protocol and received a mix of casein: whey protein 1:1 (w/w) by gavage 1 h after exercise). In summary, the current findings show that the combination of fasting, acute resistance exercise, and protein blend ingestion (immediately or 1 h after the exercise stimulus) increased the serum levels of leucine, insulin, and glucose, as well as the autophagy protein contents in skeletal muscle, but decreased other proteins related to the autophagic pathway in the liver. These results deserve further mechanistic investigations since athletes are combining fasting with physical exercise to enhance health and performance outcomes.


Asunto(s)
Autofagia , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Proteínas en la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Ayuno/fisiología , Hígado/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Condicionamiento Físico Animal , Entrenamiento de Fuerza , Albúminas/metabolismo , Animales , Autofagia/efectos de los fármacos , Autofagia/genética , Glucemia/metabolismo , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas en la Dieta/farmacología , Ingestión de Alimentos , Ayuno/sangre , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Insulina/sangre , Leucina/sangre , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacos , Tamaño de los Órganos/efectos de los fármacos , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Ratas Wistar , Triglicéridos/sangre
7.
Clin Nutr ; 39(5): 1551-1559, 2020 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31326233

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Protein malnutrition (PM) affects hematopoiesis leading to bone marrow (BM) hypoplasia and arrests hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in G0/G1 cell cycle phases, which cause anemia and leukopenia. Hematopoiesis is mainly regulated by BM niches where endothelial cells (EC) present a key regulatory role. Thus, our objective is to evaluate whether PM affects the modulatory capacity of EC on hematopoiesis. METHODS: C57BL/6 male mice received for 5 weeks a normal protein diet (12% casein) or a low protein diet (2% casein). MSC were isolated and differentiated in vitro into EC and the synthesis of SCF, Ang-1, CXCL-12, IL-11, TGF-ß and G-CSF were evaluated. The HSC and hematopoietic progenitors were quantified and the EC capacity to modulate the hematopoietic system was also evaluated. Moreover, the ability of PM bone marrow to support hematopoieisis was assessed by proliferation of infused leukemic myelo-monoblasts cells. RESULTS: PM decreases HSC and hematopoietic progenitor pool and promotes cell cycle arrest and a lower proliferation rate of leukemic myelo-monoblasts. PM also committed hematopoietic regulatory characteristics from EC, resulting in the modification of both cell cycle pattern and hematopoietic differentiation. CONCLUSION: BM microenvironment is compromised in PM, and since PM disturbs EC, it becomes one of the factors responsible for the hematopoietic cell cycle arrest and impairment of HSC differentiation.


Asunto(s)
Células de la Médula Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas en la Dieta/farmacología , Células Endoteliales/efectos de los fármacos , Células Endoteliales/fisiología , Hematopoyesis/efectos de los fármacos , Deficiencia de Proteína , Anemia , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales , Animales , Diferenciación Celular , Línea Celular , Técnicas de Cocultivo , Dieta , Leucopenia , Masculino , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/efectos de los fármacos , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/fisiología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL
8.
Nutrients ; 11(6)2019 Jun 13.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31200437

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a moderate increase in protein intake on muscle strength, functional capacity and lean mass quality improvements in postmenopausal women following resistance exercise. Forty-seven postmenopausal women were randomized in two groups: Normal protein (NP, n = 25), who received a dietary plan containing ~0.8 g protein·kg-1·d-1 (recommended dietary allowance-RDA recommendations); and higher protein (HP, n = 22), which a moderate increase in protein intake was recommended (~1.2 g protein·kg-1·d-1). Resistance training was performed for 10 weeks, three times/week. Muscle strength (handgrip strength and one repetition maximum test-1-RM), functional capacity and lean mass (LM) quality (muscle strength to lean mass ratio) were evaluated. Dietary intake was assessed by nine 24 h food recalls. After intervention, both groups increased similarly the leg extension 1-RM and handgrip strength. Regarding functional capacity tests, both groups increased the balance test score (SPPB) and 10 m walk test speed, with no differences between the groups. In addition, an increase in speed to perform the 6 min and 400 m walk tests was observed over the time, with an additional improvement in the HP group (time × group interaction; p = 0.007 and p = 0.004, respectively). About LM quality, leg extension 1-RM/leg LM improved over the time in both groups (p = 0.050), with no time × group interaction. All these significant changes had a low effect size. In conclusion, a moderate increase in protein intake promoted a small additional improvement in functional capacity, but it did not induce a greater increase in strength and LM quality after 10 weeks of resistance exercise in postmenopausal women. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT03024125.


Asunto(s)
Composición Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas en la Dieta/farmacología , Ingestión de Alimentos/fisiología , Fuerza Muscular/efectos de los fármacos , Entrenamiento de Fuerza , Anciano , Dieta/métodos , Femenino , Fuerza de la Mano , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Rendimiento Físico Funcional , Posmenopausia , Método Simple Ciego
9.
J Comp Physiol B ; 189(1): 143-152, 2019 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30488104

RESUMEN

The relationships between immunity, oxidative stress, and diet have not often been studied together. Despite this, it has been shown that dietary proteins can have effects on the functioning of the immune system and the oxidative status of animals. Here we evaluated the effects of dietary proteins on the response to an antigen and oxidative status of Octodon degus (Rodentia). We acclimated adult individuals to high-protein and low-protein diets and evaluated several aspects of the acute phase response and variables associated with oxidative status. After the immune challenge, animals acclimated to the high-protein diet had more inflammatory proteins and body mass losses than the group acclimated to a low-protein diet. Overall, the immune challenge increased the production of inflammatory proteins, total antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation, and duration of rest periods. In contrast, we did not find an interaction between diet and the challenge with the antigen. Overall, our results do not reveal an enhanced response to an antigen nor effects on the oxidative status of degus individuals subjected to a high-protein diet.


Asunto(s)
Antígenos/farmacología , Proteínas en la Dieta/farmacología , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Octodon/fisiología , Alimentación Animal , Animales , Conducta Animal , Dieta Rica en Proteínas , Ingestión de Alimentos , Peroxidación de Lípido , Masculino , Octodon/inmunología , Estrés Oxidativo , Sustancias Reactivas al Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismo
10.
Am J Clin Nutr ; 108(5): 1015-1025, 2018 11 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30295700

RESUMEN

Background: Millions of infants are fed breast milk substitutes, and the type of infant formula can impact weight gain patterns. Objective: We conducted a randomized controlled trial to determine the direct impact of 2 types of infant formula (cow milk formula, CMF; extensively protein hydrolyzed formula, EHF) on growth and energy balance. Design: A racially diverse group of formula-fed infants (n = 113) were randomly assigned to either CMF or EHF from the age of 0.75 to 12.5 mo. At each monthly visit, anthropometric measures were obtained to determine growth z scores and weight gain velocity, and to categorize early weight gain patterns as rapid or nonrapid. Also, diet records were collected to determine energy from formula and other sources. Comprehensive assessments of energy balance (intake, expenditure, loss) were made at 0.75, 3.5, and 12.5 mo. Results: Beginning 3 wk after randomization, CMF infants had significantly higher weight, but not length, z scores than did EHF infants, and this persisted after solid foods complemented the formula diet. On average, weight gain velocity from 0.75 to 4.5 mo was within the range of typically growing infants for both groups, yet velocity was 3.9 g/d greater for CMF infants (P = 0.002), who were more likely to be classified as an early rapid weight gainer, than EHF infants (46% compared with 18%; P = 0.007). Early differences in energy intake and fecal loss, yielding greater energy available for deposition among CMF infants, contributed to the differential weight gain patterns. There were no significant differences between the formula treatment groups in total energy expenditure or sleeping energy expenditure. Conclusions: Among healthy infants, the type of formula impacted on early rapid weight gain patterns owing to energy intake and loss mechanisms. Research is needed to identify the macronutrients and other compositional constituents in EHF and breast milk that promote satiation and healthy weight gain during sensitive periods of development. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as: NCT01700205.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas en la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Ingestión de Energía , Metabolismo Energético , Fórmulas Infantiles/química , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales del Lactante , Leche , Aumento de Peso , Animales , Estatura , Registros de Dieta , Proteínas en la Dieta/clasificación , Proteínas en la Dieta/farmacología , Heces , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Hidrolisados de Proteína/administración & dosificación , Hidrolisados de Proteína/farmacología , Descanso , Saciedad , Sueño , Aumento de Peso/efectos de los fármacos
11.
J Nutr ; 148(10): 1638-1646, 2018 10 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30204917

RESUMEN

Background: It has been shown that dietary protein supplementation during lactation boosts immunity in Nippostrongylus brasiliensis-infected periparturient rats. It is not known whether body protein reserves accumulated during gestation have a similar effect during lactation. Objective: This study aimed to quantify the impact of body protein reserves and dietary protein supplementation on maternal performance and immune responses to N. brasiliensis during lactation. Methods: Multiparous female Sprague-Dawley rats were administered a primary infection of N. brasiliensis before mating and were restriction-fed either 60 g [low-protein diet gestation (Lge)] or 210 g [high-protein diet gestation (Hge)] crude protein (CP) per kilogram of dry matter (DM) until parturition. From parturition onward, dams were restriction-fed either 100 g [low-protein diet lactation (Lla)] or 300 g [high-protein diet lactation (Hla)] CP per kilogram of DM, generating 4 different dietary treatments. A subset of rats was sampled before parturition; postparturition, dams were secondarily infected with N. brasiliensis and samples were collected at days 5 and 11 postparturition. Results: Maternal performance until parturition, as measured by pup weight, was better in Hge rats than in Lge rats [Lge: 4.84 g; Hge: 6.15 g; standard error of the difference (SED): 0.19]. On day 11, pup weights of dams with reduced protein reserves fed protein during lactation (Lge-Hla; 20.28 g) were higher than their counterparts from Hge-Lla dams (17.88 g; SED: 0.92). Worm counts were significantly different between Lge-Lla-fed (253; 95% CI: 124, 382) and Hge-Hla-fed (87; 95% CI: 22, 104) dams on day 11 (P = 0.024). The expression of splenic interleukin 13 (Il13) and arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (Alox15) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in Hge-Hla dams compared with Lge-Lla dams on day 5. Conclusions: Although protein reserves were adequate to maintain maternal performance in the early stage of lactation in dams infected with N. brasiliensis, they were not adequate to maintain maternal performance and effective immune responses at later stages. Dietary protein supplementation was required to achieve this.


Asunto(s)
Animales Recién Nacidos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Proteínas en la Dieta/metabolismo , Inmunidad , Lactancia , Fenómenos Fisiologicos Nutricionales Maternos , Nippostrongylus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Infecciones por Strongylida/metabolismo , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales , Animales , Araquidonato 15-Lipooxigenasa/metabolismo , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Dieta con Restricción de Proteínas , Proteínas en la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Proteínas en la Dieta/farmacología , Suplementos Dietéticos , Femenino , Interleucina-13/metabolismo , Fenómenos Fisiologicos Nutricionales Maternos/inmunología , Embarazo , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Bazo/efectos de los fármacos , Bazo/metabolismo
12.
J Endocrinol ; 237(3): 243-254, 2018 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29599416

RESUMEN

We examined the long-term effects of protein restriction during puberty on the function of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axes in male rats. Male Wistar rats from the age of 30 to 60 days were fed a low-protein diet (4%, LP). A normal-protein diet (20.5%) was reintroduced to rats from the age of 60 to 120 days. Control rats were fed a normal-protein diet throughout life (NP). Rats of 60 or 120 days old were killed. Food consumption, body weight, visceral fat deposits, lipid profile, glycemia, insulinemia, corticosteronemia, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), testosteronemia and leptinemia were evaluated. Glucose-insulin homeostasis, pancreatic-islet insulinotropic response, testosterone production and hypothalamic protein expression of the androgen receptor (AR), glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and leptin signaling pathway were also determined. LP rats were hypophagic, leaner, hypoglycemic, hypoinsulinemic and hypoleptinemic at the age of 60 days (P < 0.05). These rats exhibited hyperactivity of the HPA axis, hypoactivity of the HPG axis and a weak insulinotropic response (P < 0.01). LP rats at the age of 120 days were hyperphagic and exhibited higher visceral fat accumulation, hyperleptinemia and dyslipidemia; lower blood ACTH, testosterone and testosterone release; and reduced hypothalamic expression of AR, GR and SOCS3, with a higher pSTAT3/STAT3 ratio (P < 0.05). Glucose-insulin homeostasis was disrupted and associated with hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and increased insulinotropic response of the pancreatic islets. The cholinergic and glucose pancreatic-islet responses were small in 60-day-old LP rats but increased in 120-day-old LP rats. The hyperactivity of the HPA axis and the suppression of the HPG axis caused by protein restriction at puberty contributed to energy and metabolic disorders as long-term consequences.


Asunto(s)
Dieta con Restricción de Proteínas/efectos adversos , Metabolismo Energético , Maduración Sexual , Testosterona/metabolismo , Animales , Células Cultivadas , Proteínas en la Dieta/farmacología , Metabolismo Energético/efectos de los fármacos , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisario/efectos de los fármacos , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisario/metabolismo , Insulina/metabolismo , Islotes Pancreáticos/metabolismo , Masculino , Sistema Hipófiso-Suprarrenal/efectos de los fármacos , Sistema Hipófiso-Suprarrenal/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Maduración Sexual/efectos de los fármacos
13.
Food Res Int ; 105: 403-411, 2018 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29433229

RESUMEN

Because of the continuous and direct interaction between the digestive tract and foods, dietary compounds represent an interesting source of chemopreventive agents for gastrointestinal health. In this study, the influence of a standardized static in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model on the release of peptides with chemopreventive potential from quinoa protein was investigated. Gastroduodenal digests and fractions collected by ultrafiltration were evaluated for their in plate oxygen radical absorbance capacity and in vitro colon cancer cell viability inhibitory activity. Highest effects were observed in the digests obtained during the intestinal phase, with fraction containing peptides <5kDa as the main responsible for the antioxidant activity and peptides >5kDa showing the greatest anti-cancer effects. Seventeen potential bioactive peptides derived from quinoa proteins have been identified. These proteins might be utilized as new ingredients in the development of functional foods or nutraceuticals with the aim of reducing oxidative stress-associated diseases, including cancer.


Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Chenopodium quinoa/química , Neoplasias del Colon/tratamiento farmacológico , Proteínas en la Dieta/farmacología , Digestión , Jugo Gástrico/química , Secreciones Intestinales/química , Fragmentos de Péptidos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Células CACO-2 , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias del Colon/patología , Proteínas en la Dieta/química , Proteínas en la Dieta/metabolismo , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Células HCT116 , Células HT29 , Humanos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Fragmentos de Péptidos/química , Fragmentos de Péptidos/metabolismo
14.
Oral Dis ; 24(7): 1185-1197, 2018 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28898520

RESUMEN

The traditional concept of caries as a multifactorial transmittable and infectious disease has been challenged. Novel conceptual ideas have come to add to the complexity of this highly prevalent disease worldwide. Current etiological understanding of the disease has emphasized the pivotal role of sugars in caries. In fact, current definition points toward an ecological disease caused by the commensal microbiota that under ecological imbalances, mainly due to high and or frequent sugars consumption, creates a state of dysbiosis in the dental biofilm. This modern conceptual idea, however, tends to underrate a key issue. As humans are omnivore and consume a mix diet composed by a multitude of substances, the role of the diet in caries must not be restricted only to the presence of fermentable sugars. This review explores the contribution of other food components, ubiquitous to the diet, mostly as potentially protective factors. Anticaries nutrients might determine an environmental change, affecting the ecology of the oral microbiome and partially mitigating the effect of sugars. Understanding the function of the food usually consumed by the people will contribute new knowledge on the mechanisms associated with the onset of caries, on new caries risk variables and on potential novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of the disease.


Asunto(s)
Caries Dental/etiología , Dieta , Microbiota/efectos de los fármacos , Azúcares/efectos adversos , Animales , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas en la Dieta/farmacología , Azúcares de la Dieta/efectos adversos , Disbiosis/inducido químicamente , Ácidos Grasos/farmacología , Humanos , Leche , Boca/microbiología , Edulcorantes no Nutritivos/efectos adversos , Fenoles/farmacología , Factores Protectores , Factores de Riesgo , Almidón/efectos adversos
15.
Plant Foods Hum Nutr ; 72(4): 445-447, 2017 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28965253

RESUMEN

The aim was to evaluate the antineoplastic potential of a previously characterized peptide extract from the non-digestible fraction of common bean cv. Azufrado Higuera (AH) and its most abundant pure peptide GLTSK, in an azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS)-induced colitis-associated colon carcinogenesis Balb/c mice model. The healthy control (C-) had no induction and no treatment, and the induced control (C+) had induction but no treatment. Groups AH and GLTSK were administered 50 mg/kg-bw of AH or GLTSK, respectively. The administration of AH and GLTSK decreased (p < 0.05) the disease activity index (DAI) compared to C+ (5.8, 9.1, 11.8, respectively). Furthermore, AH reduced the number of evident neoplasms compared to group C+ (1.8, 5.9 neoplasms/mice, respectively). The results suggest that peptides from common bean cv. Azufrado Higuera could prevent colitis-associated colon carcinogenesis.


Asunto(s)
Colitis/complicaciones , Neoplasias del Colon/tratamiento farmacológico , Proteínas en la Dieta/farmacología , Phaseolus/química , Animales , Azoximetano/toxicidad , Colitis/inducido químicamente , Colitis/prevención & control , Neoplasias del Colon/inducido químicamente , Sulfato de Dextran/toxicidad , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Extractos Vegetales/química
16.
Metab Syndr Relat Disord ; 15(4): 161-169, 2017 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28437200

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5) and its protein product Irisin are therapeutic targets for obesity-associated disorders. Irisin plays an important role in energy regulation, inducing browning of white adipocytes, and improving obesity. We aimed to investigate the association between muscle Irisin expression and dietary quality. METHODS: Twenty-eight female mice were divided into four groups and fed the following experimental diets for 60 days: standard diet (SD), high-carbohydrate diet (HCD), high-fat diet (HFD), and high-protein diet (HPD). We evaluated body weight, food intake, serum total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and glucose. We also performed glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity tests. Expression of FNDC5 was evaluated by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) of soleus muscle. Western blot was used to assess Irisin protein expression. RESULTS: The major finding of the present study was that HFD and HCD were associated with a downregulation of FNDC5. In addition to these results, we noted a significant reduction in skeletal muscle Irisin level. HPD prevented reductions of both FNDC5 and Irisin levels, as well as increased brown adipose tissue, compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, we observed that the HPD type of diet can change both FNDC5 expression and Irisin levels. Thus, the HPD might be the most appropriate diet to achieve high amounts of Irisin, a target molecule for the treatment of obesity and its co-morbidities.


Asunto(s)
Dieta , Fibronectinas/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Animales , Composición Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Peso Corporal , Colesterol/sangre , Dieta Alta en Grasa , Carbohidratos de la Dieta/farmacología , Grasas de la Dieta/farmacología , Proteínas en la Dieta/farmacología , Ingestión de Alimentos/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Prueba de Tolerancia a la Glucosa , Resistencia a la Insulina , Ratones , Triglicéridos/sangre
17.
Biomed Pharmacother ; 88: 1008-1015, 2017 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28178612

RESUMEN

The present study investigates the benefits of the dietary intake of soy protein on adipose tissue dysfunction in a rat model that mimics several aspects of the human metabolic syndrome. Wistar rats were fed a sucrose-rich diet (SRD) for 4 months. After that, half of the animals continued with SRD until month 8 while in the other half, casein protein was replaced by isolated soy protein for 4 months (SRD-S). A reference group consumed a control diet all the time. In adipose tissue we determined: i) the activities of antioxidant enzymes, gene expression of Mn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione redox state ii) the activity of xanthine oxidase (XO), ROS levels and the gene expression of NAD(P)H oxidase iii) the expression of the nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor-2 (Nrf2). Besides, adiposity visceral index, insulin sensitivity, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in plasma were determined. Compared with the SRD-fed rats, the animals fed a SRD-S showed: activity normalization of SOD and glutathione reductase, improvement of mRNA SOD and normalization of mRNA GPx without changes in the expression of the Nrf2, and improvement of glutathione redox state. These results were accompanied by a normalization of XO activity and improvement of both the ROS production as well as TNF-α levels in plasma. Besides, adipocyte size distribution, adiposity visceral index and insulin sensitivity improved. The results suggest that soy protein can be a complementary nutrient for treating some signs of the metabolic syndrome.


Asunto(s)
Tejido Adiposo/patología , Tejido Adiposo/fisiopatología , Proteínas en la Dieta/uso terapéutico , Dislipidemias/tratamiento farmacológico , Dislipidemias/fisiopatología , Insulina/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo , Proteínas de Soja/uso terapéutico , Adipocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Adipocitos/metabolismo , Adipocitos/patología , Tejido Adiposo/efectos de los fármacos , Adiposidad/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas en la Dieta/farmacología , Sacarosa en la Dieta , Dislipidemias/sangre , Metabolismo Energético/efectos de los fármacos , Epidídimo/efectos de los fármacos , Epidídimo/metabolismo , Glucosa/administración & dosificación , Glutatión Peroxidasa/genética , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Masculino , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/metabolismo , Tamaño de los Órganos/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Carbonilación Proteica/efectos de los fármacos , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Ratas Wistar , Proteínas de Soja/farmacología , Superóxido Dismutasa/genética , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Sustancias Reactivas al Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismo , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/sangre
18.
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) ; 101(5): 1014-1025, 2017 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27435154

RESUMEN

The objective of this research was to estimate the energy and protein requirements for maintenance and growth in male (castrated and intact) and female Saanen goat kids between 15 and 30 kg BW. To determine the net energy requirements for maintenance (NEm ) and the net protein requirements for maintenance (NPm ), 75 goats (25 castrated and 26 intact males and 24 females) were used. Twenty-one goats (seven castrated and eight intact males and six females) were randomly assigned for slaughter to estimate the initial empty body composition. The 54 remaining animals (18 castrated and 18 intact males and 18 females) were randomly assigned in a split-plot design using a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement with three sexes and three levels of intake (ad libitum and restricted feed to 75% or 50% of the ad libitum intake). Within each sex, six blocks (three goats per block) were formed and one goat was randomly assigned to each level of intake. The 75% and the 50% of ad libitum rationing were determined daily, based on the DMI of the animal fed ad libitum on the previous day. All animals within block were slaughtered when the animal fed ad libitum reached 30 kg BW. The net energy requirements for gain (NEg ) and the net protein requirements for gain (NPg ) were obtained using 58 animals (20 castrated and 20 intact males and 18 females). The animals were fed ad libitum and slaughtered at targeted BW (15, 23 or 30 kg). Sex did not affect NEg and NPm (277.8 kJ/kg0.75  BW day and 2.98 g CP/kg0.75  BW day respectively), as well as NPg (180.9 ± 6.48 g/kg EBW gain) in Saanen goat kids. However, castrated males and females had similar NEg (varied from 12.6 ± 0.424 to 17.9 ± 1.38 MJ/kg EBW gain), greater than intact males (varied from 9.74 ± 0.420 to 10.7 ± 0.984 MJ/kg EBW gain), as the BW increased from 15 to 30 kg.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas en la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Metabolismo Energético/fisiología , Cabras/fisiología , Necesidades Nutricionales/fisiología , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales , Animales , Composición Corporal , Dieta/veterinaria , Proteínas en la Dieta/farmacología , Femenino , Cabras/genética , Masculino , Factores Sexuales
19.
Fish Physiol Biochem ; 42(6): 1767-1776, 2016 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27372082

RESUMEN

Parachromis dovii, a native cichlid from Costa Rica, is highly appreciated for its size and flesh quality. Further, P. dovii easily accept inert feed from the beginning of exogenous feeding; however, its growth is low compared to live food. For this reason, evaluation of several feedstuffs using two in vitro techniques was done. The quantification of the in vitro inhibitory effect of seven plant ingredients on the alkaline protease activity was done using enzymatic extracts from larvae samples of 6, 15, 22 and 30 days after hatching (DAH). The in vitro alkaline digestibility assays were run for six protein sources (from animal and plant origin) using the enzymatic extract from larvae 30 DAH. Independent of fish age, all plant feedstuffs reduced alkaline digestive proteases activity; however, the wheat flour (14.1 % at 6 DAH, 33.4 % at 15 DAH) and broken rice meal (51.6 % at 22 DAH) showed the lowest inhibition percentage of alkaline digestive activity, whereas the highest inhibition percentage was found with soybean and palm kernel meals (92.5 % at 30 DAH and 87.4 %, respectively) (P < 0.05). The alkaline proteases inhibition percentage of feedstuffs varied during larvae ontogeny. From six protein dietary sources tested, tankage and fish meal presented the highest in vitro digestibility values, 113.9 and 74.9 %, respectively. Contrary, the lowest digestibility was found for blood and soybean meals (38.07 and 19.82 %, respectively).


Asunto(s)
Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Cíclidos/metabolismo , Proteínas en la Dieta/farmacología , Endopeptidasas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Peces/metabolismo , Animales , Cíclidos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Femenino , Productos Pesqueros , Hidrólisis , Larva/crecimiento & desarrollo , Larva/metabolismo , Magnoliopsida , Masculino , Contaminación por Petróleo , Proteínas de Plantas/farmacología , Productos Avícolas
20.
J Sci Food Agric ; 96(11): 3631-41, 2016 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26940008

RESUMEN

Food proteins contain specific amino acid sequences within their structures that may positively impact bodily functions and have multiple immunomodulatory effects. The functional properties of these specific sequences, also referred to as bioactive peptides, are revealed only after the degradation of native proteins during digestion processes. Currently, milk proteins have been the most explored source of bioactive peptides, which presents an interesting opportunity for the dairy industry. However, plant- and animal-derived proteins have also been shown to be important sources of bioactive peptides. This review summarizes the in vitro and in vivo evidence of the role of various food proteins as sources of immunomodulatory peptides and discusses the possible pathways involving these properties. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.


Asunto(s)
Dieta , Proteínas en la Dieta/farmacología , Sistema Inmunológico/efectos de los fármacos , Péptidos/farmacología , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Humanos , Proteínas de la Leche/farmacología , Proteínas de Plantas/farmacología
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