Segregación escolar del alumnado con necesidades educativas especiales en Educación Infantil en el contexto local / School segregation of students with special educational needs in Early Childhood Education in the local context

Esta investigación busca profundizar en la segregación escolar del alumnado con necesidades educativas especiales del segundo ciclo de Educación Infantil estimando su magnitud, determinando la incidencia de la titularidad del centro y de su adscripción al Programa Bilingüe y describiendo su evolución. Para ello, se realiza un estudio ex post facto con datos de los 10.182 estudiantes del segundo ciclo de Educación Infantil matriculados en alguno de los 77 centros ordinarios públicos y privados-concertados situados en dos ciudades de tamaño medio-grande de la Comunidad de Madrid. Los resultados indican que la magnitud de la segregación escolar está en torno al 0.20 (ISG); que la incidencia de la titularidad es baja (4.6 %), pero es alta la del Programa Bilingüe (17.2 % de promedio); y que la segregación ha descendido ligeramente en los últimos años, pero las diferencias entre centros atendiendo a su titularidad y adscripción al Programa Bilingüe han crecido. Con ello, se concluye que hay que prestar atención a la segregación en Educación Infantil y tomar medidas para combatirla. También se destaca la necesidad de replantear el Programa Bilingüe por su incidencia en la segregación escolar. (AU)

This research aims to explore the school segregation of students with special educational needs in the second cycle of Early Childhood Education by estimating its magnitude, determining the incidence of school ownership and affiliation to the Bilingual Program, and describing its evolution. To achieve this, we conduct an ex post facto study with data from the 10,182 students enrolled in one of the 77 public and private-subsidised schools in the Community of Madrid. The results indicate that the magnitude of school segregation is around 0.20 (ISG); that the incidence of school ownership is low (4.6 %), while the incidence of the Bilingual Program is high (17.2 % on average); and that segregation has slightly decreased in recent years, however the differences between schools based on ownership and affiliation to the Bilingual Program have increased. Therefore, we conclude that it is necessary to address segregation in Early Childhood Education and that measures need to be taken to combat it. We also highlight the importance of reconsidering the Bilingual Program due to its impact on school segregation. (AU)

Segregación escolar del alumnado con necesidades educativas especiales en Educación Infantil en el contexto local / School segregation of students with special educational needs in Early Childhood Education in the local context

Esta investigación busca profundizar en la segregación escolar del alumnado con necesidades educativas especiales del segundo ciclo de Educación Infantil estimando su magnitud, determinando la incidencia de la titularidad del centro y de su adscripción al Programa Bilingüe y describiendo su evolución. Para ello, se realiza un estudio ex post facto con datos de los 10.182 estudiantes del segundo ciclo de Educación Infantil matriculados en alguno de los 77 centros ordinarios públicos y privados-concertados situados en dos ciudades de tamaño medio-grande de la Comunidad de Madrid. Los resultados indican que la magnitud de la segregación escolar está en torno al 0.20 (ISG); que la incidencia de la titularidad es baja (4.6 %), pero es alta la del Programa Bilingüe (17.2 % de promedio); y que la segregación ha descendido ligeramente en los últimos años, pero las diferencias entre centros atendiendo a su titularidad y adscripción al Programa Bilingüe han crecido. Con ello, se concluye que hay que prestar atención a la segregación en Educación Infantil y tomar medidas para combatirla. También se destaca la necesidad de replantear el Programa Bilingüe por su incidencia en la segregación escolar. (AU)

This research aims to explore the school segregation of students with special educational needs in the second cycle of Early Childhood Education by estimating its magnitude, determining the incidence of school ownership and affiliation to the Bilingual Program, and describing its evolution. To achieve this, we conduct an ex post facto study with data from the 10,182 students enrolled in one of the 77 public and private-subsidised schools in the Community of Madrid. The results indicate that the magnitude of school segregation is around 0.20 (ISG); that the incidence of school ownership is low (4.6 %), while the incidence of the Bilingual Program is high (17.2 % on average); and that segregation has slightly decreased in recent years, however the differences between schools based on ownership and affiliation to the Bilingual Program have increased. Therefore, we conclude that it is necessary to address segregation in Early Childhood Education and that measures need to be taken to combat it. We also highlight the importance of reconsidering the Bilingual Program due to its impact on school segregation. (AU)

ChatGPT es un estudiante por encima de la media en la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Zaragoza y un colaborador excelente en la elaboración de material docente / ChatGPT is an above-average student at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Zaragoza and an excellent collaborator in the development of teaching materials

Introducción y objetivo: La inteligencia artificial se halla plenamente presente en nuestras vidas. En educación las posibilidades de su uso son infinitas, tanto para alumnos como para docentes. Material y métodos: Se ha explorado la capacidad de ChatGPT a la hora de resolver preguntas tipo test a partir del examen de la asignatura Procedimientos Diagnósticos y Terapéuticos Anatomopatológicos de la primera convocatoria del curso 2022-2023. Además de comparar su resultado con el del resto de alumnos presentados, se han evaluado las posibles causas de las respuestas incorrectas. Finalmente, se ha evaluado su capacidad para realizar preguntas de test nuevas a partir de instrucciones específicas. Resultados: ChatGPT ha acertado 47 de las 68 preguntas planteadas, obteniendo una nota superior a la de la media y mediana del curso. La mayor parte de preguntas falladas presentan enunciados negativos, utilizando las palabras «no», «falsa» o «incorrecta» en su enunciado. Tras interactuar con él, el programa es capaz de darse cuenta de su error y cambiar su respuesta inicial por la correcta. Finalmente, ChatGPT sabe elaborar nuevas preguntas a partir de un supuesto teórico o bien de una simulación clínica determinada. Conclusiones: Como docentes estamos obligados a explorar las utilidades de la inteligencia artificial, e intentar usarla en nuestro beneficio. La realización de tareas que suponen un consumo de tipo importante, como puede ser la elaboración de preguntas tipo test para evaluación de contenidos, es un buen ejemplo. (AU)

Introduction and objective: Artificial intelligence is fully present in our lives. In education, the possibilities of its use are endless, both for students and teachers. Material and methods: The capacity of ChatGPT has been explored when solving multiple choice questions based on the exam of the subject «Anatomopathological Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures» of the first call of the 2022-23 academic year. In addition, to comparing their results with those of the rest of the students presented the probable causes of incorrect answers have been evaluated. Finally, its ability to formulate new test questions based on specific instructions has been evaluated. Results: ChatGPT correctly answered 47 out of 68 questions, achieving a grade higher than the course average and median. Most failed questions present negative statements, using the words «no», «false» or «incorrect» in their statement. After interacting with it, the program can realize its mistake and change its initial response to the correct answer. Finally, ChatGPT can develop new questions based on a theoretical assumption or a specific clinical simulation. Conclusions: As teachers we are obliged to explore the uses of artificial intelligence and try to use it to our benefit. Carrying out tasks that involve significant consumption, such as preparing multiple-choice questions for content evaluation, is a good example. (AU)

A systematic review of the impact of childhood vision impairment on reading and literacy in education

Purpose: This systematic review evaluates current literature on the impact vision impairment has on reading and literacy levels within education. Methods: Six databases were searched with inclusion criteria of trials or studies involving children who are blind or vision impaired, and impact on academic or school performance – including reading and literacy. 1262 articles were identified, with 61 papers undergoing full screening. Quality appraisal was performed using Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) and seven articles deemed eligible for inclusion. Results: Included articles achieved a quality score of over 70 % using the CASP checklists. Direct comparison of articles was not possible due to methodological differences in assessing reading and literacy levels. All seven studies investigated aspects of reading speed, with additional measures of reading performance, such as reading reserve, comprehension, and reading accuracy. Discussion: Underlying trends highlighted students with a vision impairment do not perform at same level as their normally sighted peers with respect to reading performance - in terms of speed, but not ability. Additionally, early intervention to enhance literacy skills may help improve educational outcomes. Future direction should be aimed at identifying specific obstacles to learning these students face and providing interventions to improve academic outcomes. (AU)

Progress on the health-related Sustainable Development Goals and targets in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 2023: 2nd progress report

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development includes a vision of healthy lives and well-being for all at all ages. This major report provides an update on progress towards the health-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region. It presents regional trends between 2010 and 2022 for 50 health-related SDG indicators using available data from WHO and estimates from other United Nations agencies. The report reveals some successes at the country level amid a marked slowdown regionally with setbacks across indicators on health health risks and determinants and access to services. We are at the halfway point for the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: to reverse current trends and ensure the health and well-being of our population we must take bold steps now.

Navigating proxy failures in education: Learning from human and animal play.

The notion of proxy failure provides considerable insight into educational processes, and in childhood education has the potential to elucidate known problems stemming from the early implementation of overly regulated educational regimes. This commentary expands on play and how its relation to learning provides a useful perspective on how activities based on nongoal-oriented interactions can lead to desired outcomes.

Estrés comunitario frente a múltiples desastres durante la erupción volcánica y la pandemia covid-19: un estudio transversal / Community stress facing multiple disasters during the volcanic eruption and the covid-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study

Objetivo: Este estudio tiene como objetivo determinar el estrés durante la pandemia de COVID-19 y afrontar las erupciones volcánicas y analizar los factores relacionados. Métodos: Esta investigación fue de tipo observacional analítica cuantitativa con un diseño transversal. El número de muestras fue de 352 pacientes mediante la técnica de muestreo accidental. El instrumento de investigación utiliza la escala de estrés percibido (PSS) -10 ítems y la escala de estrés COVID-19. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizaron las pruebas Kendal Tau y Chi-Cuadrado. Resultados: La mayoría de los encuestados experimentaron estrés leve durante la pandemia de COVID-19 (66,2%) y estrés moderado al lidiar con erupciones volcánicas (98,9%). Las variables relacionadas con el estrés durante una pandemia fueron género (p.017), educación (p.027), ingresos (p<.001) y distancia desde casa hasta la cima del volcán (p<0.036), mientras que las relacionadas con el estrés que enfrentan las erupciones volcánicas es sólo una experiencia de desastre de entrenamiento (p.033). Conclusiones: El estudio encontró que el nivel de estrés al enfrentar una erupción volcánica era mayor que durante la pandemia de COVID-19. El género, la educación, los ingresos y la distancia desde el hogar hasta la cima de un volcán están relacionados con el estrés durante una pandemia. Al mismo tiempo, la experiencia de la formación en desastres fue el único factor asociado con el estrés al afrontar las erupciones volcánicas. (AU)

Primary Goal: This study is to determine stress during the COVID-19 pandemic and dealing with volcanic eruptions and analyze the related factors. Methods: This research was an analytic observational quantitative with a cross-sectional design. The number of samples was 352 patients using the accidental sampling technique. The research instrument uses the Perceived stress scale (PSS)-10 items and the COVID-19 Stress Scale. Kendal Tau and Chi-Square tests were used for data analysis. Results: Most respondents experienced mild stress during the COVID-19 pandemic (66.2%) and moderate stress when dealing with volcanic eruptions (98.9%). Variables related to stress during a pandemic were gender (p.017), education (p.027), income (p<.001), and distance from home to the top of the volcano (p<0.036), while those related to the stress faced Volcanic eruptions are just a training disaster experience (p.033). Conclusions: The study found that the stress level of facing a volcanic eruption was higher than during the COVID-19 pandemic. Gender, education, income, and distance from home to the top of a volcano are related to stress during a pandemic. At the same time, the experience of disaster training is the only factor associated with stress in dealing with volcanic eruptions. (AU)

Percepción de los estudiantes sobre el uso del portafolio digital en prácticas clínicas intermedias de kinesiología / Student’s self-perception on the use of the e-portfolio in intermediate clinical practices of kinesiology

Introducción: El portafolio es un instrumento de aprendizaje y de evaluación que permite a los estudiantes conocer cómo se desarrolla su aprendizaje y autoevaluarse. Objetivo. Describir la percepción de estudiantes de kinesiología respecto al uso de un portafolio digital como instrumento didáctico en el desarrollo de prácticas intermedias. Sujetos y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, que busca describir la percepción de estudiantes de kinesiología frente al uso de un portafolio digital en el desarrollo y seguimiento de prácticas intermedias de la actividad curricular de geriatría. Resultados: En general, para las dimensiones que evalúan la percepción de los estudiantes en esta metodología docente y evaluativa, un 72% reconoce que los materiales de aprendizaje son muy buenos, seguidos de la dimensión sistema de tutorías, con un 53% de las respuestas de forma satisfactoria, y la de los recursos de la plataforma en línea, con un 42% que la conceptualiza como buena. Conclusiones: La percepción de los estudiantes se describe como positiva en los distintos ítems de evaluación de la estrategia didáctica.(AU)

Introduction: The portfolio is a tool that allows students to account for their learning and assessment processes. Objective: To describe the self-perception of kinesiology students regarding the use of the e-portfolio as a didactic tool for the development of intermediate practices. Subjects and methods. Observational study that aims to describe the self-perception of kinesiology students regarding the use of e-portfolios for the development and monitoring of intermediate practices of the geriatric’s curricular activity. Results: In general, regarding the dimensions that evaluate the self-perception of the students on this learning and assessment tool, a 72% recognize that the learning materials are very good, followed by the tutorial system dimension with a 53% of the responses as satisfactory and the resources of the online platform with a 42% considering the latter as good. Conclusions: The self-perception of the students is described as positive in the different items of evaluation of the didactic strategy.(AU)

Green education divide: a comparative case study analysis of countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations.

BACKGROUND: Green education is an essential precursor to promoting long-term sustainable practices and fostering environmentally conscious behaviours, especially among the younger generations. Such education equips individuals with the knowledge, awareness, and experiences necessary for green behavioural shifts, empowering them to engage actively in sustainable practices in the long run, which is essential for ensuring environmental sustainability. However, green education practices and policies vary among the countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) owing to different levels of socioeconomic development, national priorities, and capacities of each member state. We aimed to analyse and compare the disparities in green education among pace-setter, maturing, and emerging ASEAN countries. METHODS: We used a case-study approach-a desktop analysis based on journal articles, country reports, newspaper articles, and other sources from the past 10 years-to analyse and compare the green education disparities among pace-setter, maturing, and emerging ASEAN countries. FINDINGS: As a pace-setter ASEAN country, Singapore has made impressive progress in promoting green education through the effective implementation of pragmatic policies and impactful green education initiatives. Furthermore, the country has established extensive formal and informal green education programmes that closely align with the Singapore Green Plan 2030. By contrast, maturing ASEAN countries are making incremental progress in incorporating green education into their formal education systems. However, challenges faced by these countries include a shortage of well-trained teachers, the lack of specific green education subjects in school syllabuses, and financial constraints. Despite these challenges, innovative approaches-such as partnerships with non-governmental organisations (eg, the World Wide Fund for Nature)-have emerged as promising strategies to promote green education within these maturing nations. Emerging ASEAN countries face the biggest challenges in promoting green education. Competing national priorities, political instability, limited funding and resources, inadequate infrastructure, and a lack of qualified educators pose challenging barriers to advancing green education within emerging ASEAN nations. INTERPRETATION: This study provides insights into the best practices and challenges surrounding green education within pace-setter, maturing, and emerging ASEAN countries. To address the disparities in green education among these countries, there is a need to adopt a holistic ecosystem framework characterised by the so-called 8i enablers, namely infrastructure (eg, well-equipped laboratories and learning spaces), infostructure (eg, advanced teaching technologies), intellectual capital (eg, well-trained educators), integrity systems (eg, efficient green education governance systems), incentives (eg, public and private funding for green education initiatives), institutions (ie, strong institutional leaders), interaction (ie, cooperation and collaboration among relevant stakeholders), and internationalisation (eg, leveraging regional and international partnerships to access expertise and resources). FUNDING: None.

Wearable Biosensor Technology in Education: A Systematic Review.

Wearable Biosensor Technology (WBT) has emerged as a transformative tool in the educational system over the past decade. This systematic review encompasses a comprehensive analysis of WBT utilization in educational settings over a 10-year span (2012-2022), highlighting the evolution of this field to address challenges in education by integrating technology to solve specific educational challenges, such as enhancing student engagement, monitoring stress and cognitive load, improving learning experiences, and providing real-time feedback for both students and educators. By exploring these aspects, this review sheds light on the potential implications of WBT on the future of learning. A rigorous and systematic search of major academic databases, including Google Scholar and Scopus, was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Relevant studies were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The articles selected were assessed for methodological quality and bias using established tools. The process of data extraction and synthesis followed a structured framework. Key findings include the shift from theoretical exploration to practical implementation, with EEG being the predominant measurement, aiming to explore mental states, physiological constructs, and teaching effectiveness. Wearable biosensors are significantly impacting the educational field, serving as an important resource for educators and a tool for students. Their application has the potential to transform and optimize academic practices through sensors that capture biometric data, enabling the implementation of metrics and models to understand the development and performance of students and professors in an academic environment, as well as to gain insights into the learning process.

Ensino remoto de educação em saúde na pós-graduação em saúde coletiva: possibilidades no contexto da pandemia de covid-19 / Remote teaching of health education in the postgraduate program in collective health: possibilities in the context of the covid-19 pandemic / Enseñanza a distância de educación para la salud en el posgrado en salud colectiva: posibilidades en el contexto de la pandemia del covid-19

O ensino remoto emergencial ocasionou mudanças no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, requisitando criatividade e incorporação de novas estratégias pedagógicas. Aqui, o objetivo é descrever a experiência de ensino-aprendizagem na disciplina educação em saúde, no contexto da pandemia de covid-19. Trata-se de um relato de experiência sobre o ensino remoto de educação em saúde no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva da Universidade Estadual do Ceará, no período letivo 2021.1. A disciplina foi ministrada por meio da plataforma Google Meet®, adotando-se estratégias ativas de ensino-aprendizagem. Os conteúdos mostraram--se relevantes. Ademais, a experiência promoveu a articulação teórico-prática, valorizou os saberes prévios dos pós-graduandos e estimulou a interatividade. Buscou-se superar o modelo tradicional de ensino, com vistas a propiciar autonomia e uma aprendizagem significativa. Os desafios encontrados e as possibilidades identificadas permitem a reflexão sobre a práxis docente, no que tange ao estímulo à participação e ao engajamento discente em ambiente virtual, além da incorporação de estratégias ativas de ensino, sobretudo no ensino remoto.

Emergency remote teaching caused changes in the teaching-learning process, requiring creativity and the incorporation of new pedagogical strategies. Here, the objective is to describe the teaching-learning experience in the health education discipline, in the context of the covid-19 pandemic. This is an experience report on remote teaching of health education in the postgraduate program in public health, at the Ceará State University, Brazil, in the 2021.1 academic period. The classes were given using the Google Meet® platform, adopting active teaching-learning strategies. The contents proved to be relevant. Moreover, the experience promoted theoretical-practical articulation, valued the prior knowledge of the postgraduate students and encouraged interactivity. We sought to overcome the traditional teaching model, in order to provide autonomy and a meaningful learning. The challenges experienced and the possibilities identified allow reflection on teaching practice in terms of encouraging student participation and engagement in a virtual environment, in addition to the incorporation of active teaching strategies in especially remote teaching.

La educación remota de emergencia provocó cambios en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, requiriendo creatividad y la incorporación de nuevas estrategias pedagógicas. El objetivo aquí es describir la experiencia de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la disciplina educación para la salud, en el contexto de la pandemia covid-19. Se trata de un relato de experiencia sobre la enseñanza remota de educación para la salud en el programa de posgrado en Salud Pública, de la Universidad Estadual de Ceará, en el período académico 2021.1. El curso se impartió utilizando la plataforma Google Meet®, adoptando estrategias activas de enseñanza-aprendi-zaje. Los contenidos han demonstrado ser relevantes. Además, la experiencia fomentó la articulación teó-rico-práctica, valoró los conocimientos previos de los estudiantes de posgrado y impulsó la interactividad. Buscamos superar el modelo de enseñanza tradicional, con el propósito de proporcionar autonomía y un aprendizaje significativo. Los desafíos enfrentados y las posibilidades identificadas permiten reflexionar sobre la práctica docente, en relación a incentivar la participación y el compromiso de los estudiantes en un ambiente virtual, además de la incorporación de estrategias activas en la enseñanza remota.

Bibliotecários e os desafios da Ciência Aberta: habilidades, recursos e serviços / Librarians and the challenges of Open Science: skills, resources and services / Bibliotecarios y los desafíos de la Ciencia Abierta: habilidades, recursos y servicios

Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar, na literatura científica, produtos e serviços desenvolvidos por bibliotecários vislumbrando as práticas de Ciência Aberta. A questão principal é identificar: qual o papel dos bibliotecários frente aos desafios da Ciência Aberta? Predominantemente qualitativa, esta pesquisa pode ser caracterizada como bibliográfica, exploratória e descritiva. Para atingir seu objetivo, utilizou-se a técnica de revisão rápida de literatura. Foi realizado um levantamento de publicações indexadas na Brapci, na Scopus e na Web of Science, sendo recuperadas três publicações em cada. Ao excluir um título que se repetiu, o corpus da pesquisa configurou-se com seis artigos e dois resumos apresentados em evento. Conclui-se que debates sobre o novo modus operandi de fazer ciência vêm aumentando e os bibliotecários parecem intimamente relacionados às ações de Ciência Aberta nas diversas etapas da pesquisa científica. Devido às suas habilidades e aos seus serviços, entende-se que exercem um dos papéis centrais na concretização da abertura da ciência.

This study aims to identify, in the scientific literature, products and services developed by librarians with a view to Open Science practices. The main question is to identify: what role is played by librarians facing the challenges of Open Science? Predominantly qualitative, this research can be characterized as bibliographic, exploratory, and descriptive. To achieve its objective, a rapid literature review technique was used. A survey of publications indexed in Brapci, Scopus and Web of Science was carried out, and three publications from each were retrieved. After excluding one title that was repeated, the research corpus consisted of six articles and two abstracts presented at an event. We conclude that debates about the new modus operandi of doing science have been increasing and librarians seem closely related to Open Science actions in the various stages of scientific research. Because of their skills and services, they play one of the central roles to achieve the opening of science.

Este studio tiene como objetivo identificaren la literature científica los productos y servicios desarrollados por los bibliotecarios com vistas a las prácticas de la Ciencia Abierta. La cuestión principal es identificar: ¿ cuál es el papel de los bibliotecarios ante los desafíos de la Ciencia Abierta? Predominantemente cualita-tiva, esta investigación puede caracterizar se como bibliográfica, exploratoria y descriptiva. Para lograr su objetivo, se utilizó la técnica de revision rápida de la literatura. Se realizó un estudio de las publicaciones indexadas en Brapci, Scopus y Web of Science, recuperándo se tres publicaciones en cada una de ellas. Al excluir un título repetido, el corpus de la investigación quedó configurado con seis artículos y dos resúmenes presentados en un evento. Concluimos que los debates sobre el nuevo modus operandi de hacer ciencia han aumentado y los bibliotecarios parecen estar estrechamente relacionados con las acciones de la Ciencia Abierta en las distintas etapas de la investigación científica. Por sus habilidades y servicios, se entiende que ejercen uno de los papeles centrales en la realización de la Ciencia Abierta.

Alfabetización en salud mental en adolescentes españoles y su relación con las características sociodemográficas / Mental health literacy in spanish adolescents and its relationship with sociodemographic characteristics

Fundamentos: diferentes estudios identifican la alfabetización en salud y/o salud mental (asm) como factores protectores contra el desarrollo de un problema de salud mental. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el grado de alfabetización en salud mental de la población adolescente de barcelona, así como su relación con variables sociodemográficas y educativas.métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal en barcelona durante el curso 2017-2018. Participaron 1.032 jóvenes entre trece y diecisiete años. Se recogieron las siguientes variables: sexo; edad; nacionalidad; nivel socioeconómico (rdhpc); y nota media escolar. La asm se midió mediante los test de conocimientos emhl (reconocimiento de problemas mentales y conocimientos en salud mental; rango 0-10 cada parte), estigma (cami: rango 10-50, y ribs: rango 4-20) y búsqueda de ayuda (ghsq: rango de 1 a 7). Se realizó análisis de regresión lineal múltiple ajustando el efecto de variables sociodemográficas sobre la puntuación de cada escala.resultados: la puntuación media (desviación típica) del emhl test fue de 7,28 (1,27) y 4,24 (1,14), respectivamente, obteniendo mayor pun-tuación las chicas, rdhpc altas, nota excelente y con nacionalidad española. La mayor diferencia de puntuación en emhl, ajustando por el resto de variables, correspondió a los adolescentes con nota media excelente y con índice rdhpc elevado (respecto a la categoría basal, beta=0,72 y 0,52, respectivamente). La puntuación media del estigma fue 27,6 (4,47) para cami y 8,83 (3,36) para ribs. Las variables relacionadas con una mayor diferencia de puntuación respecto a la categoría basal y ajustado por el resto de variables fueron: sexo (chico=1,54) y nota académica (excelente=-2,38) para cami, y nacionalidad (extranjera=0,82) y nota académica (excelente=-1,30) para ribs. La puntuación media de ribs fue 8,83 (3,36), siendo la mayor diferencia de puntuación respecto a la categoría basal la nacionalidad extranjera (beta=0,82) y tener una nota de excelente (1,30). La búsqueda de ayuda fue mayor en padres/madres y amigos, con diferencias según sexo y nacionalidad.conclusiones: el nivel de alfabetización de salud mental es medio-bajo. Mientras que género, nacionalidad y resultados académicos son los factores que se relacionan con conocimientos y estigma, el nivel socioeconómico se relaciona únicamente con conocimientos en salud mental.(AU)

Background: different studies identify mental health literacy as a protective factor for developing a mental health problem. The aim of this paper was to determine the degree of mental health literacy of the adolescent population of barcelona, and its relationship with socio-de-mographic and educational variables.methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out in barcelona during the 2017-2018 academic year. A total of 1,032 young people between thirteen and seventeen years of age participated. The following variables were collected: sex, age, nationality, socioeconomic status (rdhpc) and average school grade. The aim was to determine the degree of mental health literacy (knowledge, stigma and help-seeking) of the adolescent population of barcelona, and its relationship with socio-demographic and educational variables. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed adjusting for the effect of sociodemographic variables on the score of each scale.results: the mean score (standard deviation) of the emhl test was 7.28 (1.27) and 4.24 (1.14) respectively, with higher scores obtained by girls, high rdhpc, excellent score and spanish nationality. The greatest difference in emhl scores, adjusting for the rest of the variables, corresponded to adolescents with an excellent mean score and a high rdhpc index (with respect to the baseline category, beta=0.72 and 0.52 respectively). The mean stigma score was 27.6 (4.47) for cami and 8.83 (3.36) for ribs. The variables related to a greater difference in score with respect to the baseline category and adjusted for the rest of the variables were: gender (boy=1.54) and academic grade (excellent=-2.38) for cami, and nationality (foreign=0.82) and academic grade (excellent=-1.30) for ribs. The mean ribs score was 8.83 (3.36) with the largest difference in score from baseline being foreign nationality (beta=0.82) and having a grade of excellent (1.30). Help-seeking was higher in parents and friends, with differences according to gender and nationality.conclusions: the level of mental health literacy is medium-low. While gender, nationality and educational attainment are the factors that are related to knowledge and stigma, socio-economic status is only related to mental health literacy.(AU)

The effectiveness of a blended-learning training methodology on the dialysis nurse’s perception of competence. Quasi-experimental study / Efetividade de um programa de formação b-learning na perceção de competência do enfermeiro de diálise. Estudo quase-experimental

Introdução:Os enfermeiros que prestam cuidados à pessoa com doença renal crónica em hemodiálise devem ter formação específica em técnicas dialíticas. Assim, os Enfermeiros de Diálise deverão desenvolver competências específicas e diferenciadas ao longo do seu percurso profissional. O b-learning desempenha um papel fundamental na modernização do ensino, tornando-o mais acessível, flexível e adaptado às necessidades dos enfermeiros. Oferece oportunidades para melhorar a quali-dade da aprendizagem e promover a colaboração e a inovação no processo educativo.Objetivos:Os objetivos do estudo foram: avaliar a influência das variáveis sociodemográficas (idade e habilitações literárias) e da formação adquirida (frequência e duração) no perfil de competências e avaliar a eficácia de um programa de formação em técnicas de HD, na perceção de competência do Enfermeiro de Diálise. Material e Métodos:Estudo quase-experimental, pré e pós-teste, sem grupo controle. Resultados:A idade, a frequência e a duração da formação influenciam a perceção de competência do enfermeiro de diálise. Os participantes apresentaram uma melhoria significativa em alguns domínios da perceção de competência do Enfermeiro de Diálise após a implementação de um programa de formação em técnicas de HD. Conclusões:A existência de um programa de formação para Enfermeiros de Diálise, devidamente estruturado e padronizado, é uma mais-valia na aquisição, consolidação e atualização de conhecimentos. (AU)

Introduction: Nurses providing care to individuals with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis must have specific training in dialysis techniques. Therefore, Dialysis Nurses should develop specific and differentiated competencies throughout their professional career. Blended learning plays a fundamental role in modernizing education, making it more accessible, flexible, and tailored to the needs of nurses. It offers opportunities to improve the quality of learning and promote collaboration and innovation in the educational process. Objectives: The study’s objectives were to assess the influence of sociodemographic variables (age and education) and acquired training (frequency and duration) on the competence profile and to evaluate the effectiveness of a training program in HD techniques on the perception of competence of Dialysis Nurses. Material and Methods: Quasi-experimental, pre and post-test study without a control group. Results: Age, frequency, and duration of training influence dialysis nurses’ perceptions of competence. Participants showed a significant improvement in some domains of dialysis nurses’ perceptions of competence after the implementation of a training program in HD techniques. Conclusions: A properly structured and standardized training program for dialysis nurses is an asset in acquiring, consolidating, and updating knowledge. (AU)

Education increases patience: Evidence from a change in a compulsory schooling law.

I investigate the causal effect of education on time preferences. To deal with the endogeneity of education, I exploit exogenous variation in education imposed by a Turkish school reform that raised compulsory education from five to eight years. I find that education causes individuals to make more patient inter-temporal choices but does not induce them to report being more patient. I also provide evidence that the effect of education on patient inter-temporal choices does not operate through changes in financial well-being.

Ponle mente a tu vida

Taller que ofrece actividades con herramientas que fortalezcan las habilidades para la vida en jóvenes de 13 a 20 años de edad.

Ultrasound and sonochemistry enhance education outcomes: From fundamentals and applied research to entrepreneurial potential.

With this manuscript we aim to initiate a discussion specific to educational actions around ultrasonics sonochemistry. The importance of these actions does not just derive from a mere pedagogical significance, but they can be an exceptional tool for illustrating various concepts in other disciplines, such as process intensification and microfluidics. Sonochemistry is currently a far-reaching discipline extending across different scales of applicability, from the fundamental physics of tiny bubbles and molecules, up to process plants. This review is part of a special issue in Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, where several scholars have shared their experiences and highlighted opportunities regarding ultrasound as an education tool. The main outcome of our work is that teaching and mentorship in sonochemistry are highly needed, with a balanced technical and scientific knowledge to foster skills and implement safe protocols. Applied research typically features the use of ultrasound as ancillary, to merely enhance a given process and often leading to poorly conceived experiments and misunderstanding of the actual effects. Thus, our scientific community must build a consistent culture and monitor reproducible practices to rigorously generate new knowledge on sonochemistry. These practices can be implemented in teaching sonochemistry in classrooms and research laboratories. We highlight ways to collectively provide a potentially better training for scientists, invigorating academic and industry-oriented careers. A salient benefit for education efforts is that sonochemistry-based projects can serve multidisciplinary training, potentially gathering students from different disciplines, such as physics, chemistry and bioengineering. Herein, we discuss challenges, opportunities, and future avenues to assist in designing courses and research programs based on sonochemistry. Additionally, we suggest simple experiments suitable for teaching basic physicochemical principles at the undergraduatelevel. We also provide arguments and recommendations oriented towards graduate and postdoctoral students, in academia or industry to be more entrepreneurial. We have identified that sonochemistry is consistently seen as a 'green' or sustainable tool, which particular appeal to process intensification approaches, including microfluidics and materials science. We conclude that a globally aligned pedagogical initiative and constantly updated educational tools will help to sustain a virtuous cycle in STEM and industrial applications of sonochemistry.