Low Prevalence of Biopsy-Proven Eosinophilic Esophagitis in Patients with Esophageal Food Impaction in Mexican Population.

BACKGROUND: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is the most common cause of dysphagia and esophageal food impaction (EFI) in the USA, Western Europe, and Australia. In Mexico, the uncomplicated form of this disease is infrequent, and prevalence in patients with EFI is unknown. AIMS: To determine the prevalence and causes of EFI, endoscopic and therapeutic aspects, and establish the prevalence of biopsy-proven EoE in patients with EFI. METHODS: Diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy reports from January 2011 to December 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with therapeutic procedures, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, or non-food foreign body impaction were excluded. The number of patients with EFI was determined. Additionally, patients with esophageal biopsy were retained for EoE prevalence calculation. The diagnosis of EoE was defined with the presence of eosinophil infiltration count ≥ 15/high-power field with or without typical endoscopic abnormalities. RESULTS: A total of 4700 reports of the same number of patients were selected; 2209 were males (47%) with a mean age of 57.6 ± 12.3 years (range 14-93). We identified 36 patients with EFI (0.76, 95% CI 0.51-1.01), 16 males (44.4%) with a mean age of 54.9 ± 19.7 (range 22-92). Esophageal biopsies were obtained in 17/36 (47.2%) cases. The diagnosis of EoE was confirmed in 2 patients (11.7%). Peptic stenosis was the most frequent cause of EFI. CONCLUSIONS: EoE is an infrequent cause of EFI in the Mexican population (11.7%). EoE had the lowest prevalence compared to that reported in Caucasian populations. The prevalence of EFI was also low.

Esofagite eosinofílica / Eosinophilic esophagitis

A esofagite eosinofílica (EoE), primeiramente descrita em 1978 como uma doença rara, vem, nos últimos anos, sendo cada vez mais diagnosticada em pacientes com disfagia, impactação alimentar e/ou pirose. Há controvérsia quanto ao aumento de incidência da EoE. Ele é atribuído, em algumas séries, ao maior conhecimento da doença por parte dos médicos (maior número de diagnósticos), embora alguns defendam que ocorre um aumento real do número de casos.

Eosinophilic esophagitis that was first described in 1978 as a rare disease, it has been increasingly diagnosed in patients with dysphagia, food impaction and/or heartburn. There is controversy regarding the increased incidence of eosinophilic esophagitis. In some cases, it is attributed to a greater knowledge about the disease by doctors (large number of diagnostics), however some people support that it occurs a real increase number of cases.

Eosinophilic esophagitis: manometric and pHmetric findings.

CONTEXT: Eosinophilic esophagitis is an entity characterized by an esophageal inflammatory infiltrate of eosinophils, manifested by dysphagia, intermittent food impactions and symptoms similar to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), that predominantly affects young adults. There may be association of eosinophilic esophagitis with GERD, and motor abnormalities have been described. OBJECTIVE: The main objectives of this study are to describe the findings at esophageal manometry and pH monitoring in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 20 patients with a diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis, submitted to esophageal manometry and 24h pH monitoring. Were analysed the manometric changes and the presence of abnormal reflux on pH monitoring. RESULTS: Twenty patients (15 men, 5 women) had a mean age of 29 years. Motility disorders were found in 25% (5/20) patients with ineffective esophageal motility being the most common finding. pH monitoring revealed abnormal reflux on 25%, without any relationship with manometric findings. CONCLUSIONS: Manometric abnormalities were observed in 25% of patients and abnormal reflux on pH monitoring also in 25%. This study showed no relationship between abnormal reflux and the presence of manometric changes.

Eosinophilic esophagitis: manometric and pHmetric findings / Esofagite eosinofílica: achados manométricos e pHmétricos

CONTEXT: Eosinophilic esophagitis is an entity characterized by an esophageal inflammatory infiltrate of eosinophils, manifested by dysphagia, intermittent food impactions and symptoms similar to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), that predominantly affects young adults. There may be association of eosinophilic esophagitis with GERD, and motor abnormalities have been described. OBJECTIVE: The main objectives of this study are to describe the findings at esophageal manometry and pH monitoring in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 20 patients with a diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis, submitted to esophageal manometry and 24h pH monitoring. Were analysed the manometric changes and the presence of abnormal reflux on pH monitoring. RESULTS: Twenty patients (15 men, 5 women) had a mean age of 29 years. Motility disorders were found in 25% (5/20) patients with ineffective esophageal motility being the most common finding. pH monitoring revealed abnormal reflux on 25%, without any relationship with manometric findings. CONCLUSIONS: Manometric abnormalities were observed in 25% of patients and abnormal reflux on pH monitoring also in 25%. This study showed no relationship between abnormal reflux and the presence of manometric changes.

CONTEXTO: A esofagite eosinofílica é uma doença inflamatória crônica, caracterizada por infiltrado eosinofílico no esôfago e se manifesta por disfagia, impactações alimentares e sintomas similares aos da doença do refluxo gastroesofágico (DRGE), com maior incidência em adultos jovens. Pode haver associação da esofagite eosinofílica com a DRGE, e anormalidades motoras têm sido descritas. OBJETIVO: Os principais objetivos deste estudo são descrever as alterações manométricas e a presença de refluxo anormal à pHmetria esofágica em pacientes com esofagite eosinofílica. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal de 20 pacientes com diagnóstico de esofagite eosinofílica, submetidos a esofagomanometria e pHmetria esofagiana de 24 h. Foram analisadas as alterações manométricas e a presença de refluxo anormal à pHmetria. RESULTADOS: Vinte pacientes (15 homens, 5 mulheres) com média de idade de 29 anos. Distúrbios da motilidade esofagiana foram encontrados em 25% dos pacientes, com predomínio da motilidade esofagiana ineficaz. A pHmetria revelou refluxo anormal também em 25%, sem relação entre os achados manométricos e pHmétricos. CONCLUSÕES: Anormalidades manométricas foram encontradas em 25% dos pacientes e refluxo anormal à pHmetria também em 25%. Neste estudo, não houve relação entre refluxo anormal e a presença de alterações à esofagomanometria.