RESUMEN
Em 18/08/2016, uma escola infantil notificou à vigilância do município de Crissiumal a ocorrência de vários casos de crianças com febre e exantema. A partir dessa informação, a equipe da vigilância, junto com médico da rede de atenção à saúde, deslocou-se até a escola para realizar avaliação clínica dos casos e fazer a investigação epidemiológica com vistas a confirmar a ocorrência de surto de doença exantemática, identificar a causa e desencadear medidas de controle. (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Preescolar , Niño , Guarderías Infantiles , Brotes de Enfermedades , Parvovirus B19 Humano , Eritema Infeccioso/epidemiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Eritema Infeccioso/diagnóstico , Eritema Infeccioso/prevención & control , Vacuna contra el Sarampión-Parotiditis-RubéolaRESUMEN
Se presentan los principales conceptos epidemiológicos relativos a la transmisión de las enfermedades infecciosas transmisibles de importancias en Chile. Se proporciona en detalle las reconmedaciones para el control de su diseminación entre los contactos con una visión personal del autor en algunos casos
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Control de Enfermedades Transmisibles , Enfermedades Transmisibles/transmisión , Infecciones por Adenovirus Humanos/prevención & control , Eritema Infeccioso/prevención & control , Infecciones por Hantavirus/prevención & control , Hepatitis A/prevención & control , Hepatitis B/prevención & control , Infecciones Meningocócicas/prevención & control , Mononucleosis Infecciosa/prevención & control , Patógenos Transmitidos por la Sangre , Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio/prevención & control , Infecciones por Rotavirus/prevención & control , Tuberculosis/prevención & control , Precauciones UniversalesRESUMEN
Most of the blood-borne infections that have held our attention during the last half of this century have been well characterized. Although HIV and the hepatitis viruses have enormous world-wide public health implications, there has been considerable success in their prevention of transmission by transfusion. The technology is available to treat and eliminate from virtually all non-cellular blood products the transmission of disease caused by those viruses for which we have had the greatest concern. However, for the cellular blood products the basic methods of prevention continue to be imperfect: donor selection and viral serological testing. The significance of the transmission of blood-borne agents by these products depends upon the frequency of the agent in the donor population and the serological screening performed. There is a marked degree of variation in frequency of these infections, dependent upon geography, living conditions, and life style. Data on the frequency of transfusion-transmitted disease are meagre and usually based upon indirect estimates. In the United States the frequency of the transmission of HIV by cellular blood products is estimated to be 1:125,000 products transfused. A similar estimate for the transmission of hepatitis is 1:200 products transfused. For the developing countries, some of which experience the highest rates of hepatitis and HIV infection in their populations, data on the frequency of transfusion transmission are not generally available. In recent years, new evidence has stimulated interest in a few transfusion-transmissible diseases that, although uncommon from the public health perspective, have both real and potential transfusion impacts for the use of plasma and plasma derivatives as well as cellular products.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)