Quality of life in patients with Graves' orbitopathy submitted to orbital decompression: comparison between balanced and inferomedial techniques.

PURPOSE: To compare inferomedial wall orbital decompression to balanced medial plus lateral wall orbital decompression in patients with Graves' orbitopathy in the inactive phase with regard to exophthalmos reduction and the effects on quality of life. METHODS: Forty-two patients with inactive Graves' orbitopathy were randomly divided into two groups and submitted to one of two orbital decompression techniques: inferomedial wall orbital decompression or medial plus lateral wall orbital decompression. Preoperative and postoperative assessments included Hertel's exophthalmometry and a validated Graves' orbitopathy quality of life questionnaire. The results of the two groups were compared. RESULTS: Compared to preoperative measurement, exophthalmos reduction was statistically significant in both groups (p<0.001) but more so in patients undergoing medial plus lateral wall orbital decompression (p=0.010). Neither orbital decompression techniques increased the visual functioning subscale score on the Graves' orbitopathy quality of life questionnaire (inferomedial wall orbital decompression p=0.362 and medial plus lateral wall orbital decompression p=0.727), but a statistically significant difference was observed in the score of the appearance subscale in patients submitted to medial plus lateral wall orbital decompression (p=0.006). CONCLUSIONS: Inferomedial wall orbital decompression is a good alternative for patients who do not require large exophthalmos reduction. However, medial plus lateral wall orbital decompression offers greater exophthalmos reduction and greater improvement in appearance (higher Graves' orbitopathy quality of life questionnaire scores), making it a suitable option for esthetic-functional rehabilitation.

Cirurgia de enucleação em decorrência de proptose do globo ocular em cadela: relato de caso / Enucleation surgery due to proptosis of the eyeball in a female dog: case report / Cirugía de enucleación por proptosis del globo ocular en una perra: informe de un caso

A proptose do globo ocular é uma das consequências comuns do trauma e a enucleação é um procedimento de escolha em caso de impossibilidade de reversão do quadro. Nota-se a infrequência de relatos de enucleação do globo ocular resultante de proptose traumática, o que torna importante a descrição deste caso, a qual objetiva fornecer relevantes informações e contribuições para o desenvolvimento da oftalmologia e clínica cirúrgica veterinária. Uma cadela filhote foi atendida no HVU - UFPI/CPCE, apresentando o globo ocular direito prolapsado. A enucleação foi selecionada em decorrência do intervalo prolongado entre a detecção da lesão e a busca por assistência médica, da presença de uma alta carga de corpos estranhos observados e da ausência de reflexos pupilares. A cirurgia iniciou-se com a cantotomia seguida da dissecação da musculatura do globo ocular. Foi realizado o pinçamento dos vasos sanguíneos e do nervo óptico, e fez-se a ressecção do globo ocular. Depois de uma ligadura invaginante e redução do espaço morto, removeu-se as bordas palpebrais e realizou-se a blefarorrafia. Cerca de 40 dias após a enucleação, a cadela apresentou-se estável e com uma evolução cicatricial satisfatória do ferimento cirúrgico. Esse procedimento, foi realizado de forma semelhante ao que é visto na literatura, embora, majoritariamente, seja recomendada a enucleação em decorrência de afecções diferentes da proptose traumática.(AU)

Proptosis of the eyeball is one of the common consequences of trauma and enucleation is the procedure of choice if it is impossible to reverse the condition. There are few reports of enucleation of the eyeball resulting from traumatic proptosis, which makes it important to describe this case, which aims to provide relevant information and contributions to the development of ophthalmology and veterinary surgical practice. A female puppy was seen at the HVU - UFPI/CPCE, presenting with a prolapsed right eyeball. Enucleation was selected due to the prolonged interval between detecting the lesion and seeking medical assistance, the presence of a high foreign body burden and the absence of pupillary reflexes. Surgery began with canthotomy followed by dissection of the eyeball muscles. The blood vessels and optic nerve were clamped and the eyeball was resected. After an invaginating ligature and reduction of the dead space, the eyelid edges were removed and blepharorrhaphy was performed. Around 40 days after enucleation, the dog was stable and had satisfactory healing of the surgical wound. This procedure was carried out in a similar way to that seen in the literature, although enucleation is mostly recommended for conditions other than traumatic proptosis.(AU)

La proptosis del globo ocular es una de las consecuencias comunes de los traumatismos y la enucleación es el procedimiento de elección si es imposible revertir la condición. Existen pocos relatos de enucleación del globo ocular resultante de proptosis traumática, lo que torna importante la descripción de este caso, que pretende proporcionar informaciones relevantes y contribuciones para el desarrollo de la oftalmología y de la práctica quirúrgica veterinaria. Una cachorra fue atendida en el HVU - UFPI/CPCE con prolapso del globo ocular derecho. Se optó por la enucleación debido al prolongado intervalo entre la detección de la lesión y la búsqueda de asistencia médica, la presencia de una elevada carga de cuerpo extraño y la ausencia de reflejos pupilares. La cirugía comenzó con una cantotomía seguida de la disección de los músculos del globo ocular. Se pinzaron los vasos sanguíneos y el nervio óptico y se resecó el globo ocular. Tras una ligadura invaginante y la reducción del espacio muerto, se retiraron los bordes de los párpados y se realizó una blefarorrafia. Unos 40 días después de la enucleación, el perro estaba estable y la herida quirúrgica había cicatrizado satisfactoriamente. Este procedimiento se llevó a cabo de forma similar a lo visto en la bibliografía, aunque la enucleación se recomienda sobre todo para afecciones distintas de la proptosis traumática.(AU)

Effect of Rim-Off Deep Lateral Orbital Decompression on Interpalpebral Fissure Shape.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to compare the palpebral fissure shape after rim-off deep lateral decompression with and without restoration of the lateral orbital rim. METHODS: Retrospective cross-sectional quantitative analysis of the palpebral fissure images of 17 patients (25 eyes) who underwent rim-off deep lateral orbital decompression without repositioning of the rim (G1) and of 20 patients (34 eyes) operated with rim restoration. Quantification of palpebral fissure images included MRD 1 and MRD 2 , two lateral mid-pupil lid margin (MPD) distances, the width of the palpebral fissure, and the height and shape of the lateral canthus. RESULTS: Proptosis reduction did not differ significantly between G1 and G2. In both groups, decompression reduced the mean values of the MRD 1 and MRD 2 , the lateral height of the upper eyelid, and the height and angle of the lateral canthus. The palpebral fissure width and lateral height of the lateral lower eyelid were not affected. There was no significant difference between the mean changes of G1 and G2. Multivariate analysis showed that the lateral canthus decrease was correlated with changes in MRD 1 and MRD 2 . CONCLUSIONS: Small changes in palpebral fissure shape after deep lateral decompression are not dependent on the presence or absence of the lateral rim.

A randomized comparative study of inferomedial vs. balanced orbital decompression. Analysis of changes in orbital volume, eyelid parameters, and eyeball position.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to investigate and compare changes in orbital volume, eyelid parameters, and eyeball position after inferomedial and balanced (medial + deep lateral walls) orbital decompression (OD) in patients with Graves' orbitopathy (GO). SUBJECTS/METHODS: Prospective interventional trial. Forty-two patients with inactive GO and clinical indication for OD were randomly assigned to inferomedial or balanced OD. Preoperative and postoperative Hertel exophthalmometry, standardized photography, and computed tomography were used to evaluate upper and lower eyelid margin reflex distances (MRD1 and MRD2), orbital expansion, and changes in eyeball position. RESULTS: Clinical and radiological exophthalmometry improved significantly after OD with both surgical techniques (p < 0.001), but more so with balanced OD (p = 0.02). Concurrent eyeball descent (p = 0.01) and orbital volume expansion (p < 0.001) were observed with both techniques. The mean decompression volume was similar for the medial wall and the lateral wall but significantly smaller for the inferior wall (p < 0.05). Significant correlation coefficients were found for Hertel reduction vs. total decompression volume (p < 0.05). In the multivariate linear analysis, lateral wall decompression volume (LWDV) was predictive of exophthalmos reduction (p < 0.05). The two techniques produced a similar reduction in MRD1 and MRD2. A significant correlation was also found between Hertel reduction and lower lid elevation (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Both inferomedial and balanced OD successfully expanded orbit capacity, but the latter was more efficient at reducing exophthalmos probably due to the inclusion of the lateral wall. Upper and lower eyelid retraction improved after OD, but only lower eyelid elevation was correlated with exophthalmos reduction.

Upper Eyelid Contour Changes After Orbital Decompression in Graves Orbitopathy.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of orbital decompression on the upper eyelid contour. METHODS: A paired cross-sectional analysis of the upper eyelid contour was performed for 103 eyes of 66 patients who underwent orbital decompression. A control group of 26 normal subjects was also included. The eyelid contour of all participants were measured with Bézier lines adjusted to the eyelid contour and 9 midpupil eyelid margin (MPD) distances from a horizontal line bisecting the pupil. One central, corresponding to the margin reflex distance (MRD 1), and 8 equally distributed medially and laterally at 20% of the interval between the lines. Patients were classified as with flare if the height of the most lateral MPD relative to the MRD 1 was above the upper limit of the controls. RESULTS: Preoperatively 63 of the 103 contours were classified as flare + (F+). After decompression MRD1 showed a mean decrease of 0.4 mm and the location of the contour shifted 0.8 mm medially. These changes were not correlated with proptosis reduction. Orbital decompression decreased the lateral curvature of the contours especially for the F+ lids. In 40% of the F+ eyelids the flare sign disappeared after decompression. CONCLUSIONS: Orbital decompression affects the lateral eyelid contour and diminishes the amount of lateral eyelid retraction surgery necessary to correct the flare sign. In 40% of the patients, the eyelid contour is normalized with proptosis reduction only.

Características de orbitopatía asociada al tiroides y tasa de requerimiento de cirugía / Thyroid-associated orbitopathy characteristics and surgery requirement rate

RESUMO Objetivo: Conheça as características demográficas e clínicas da Órbita Associada da Tiroide (OAT), bem como a taxa de exigência da cirurgia orbital em pacientes do Centro Médico Nacional do Oeste. Métodos. Estudo observacional, transversal, descritivo e retrospetivo realizado analisando os registos de pacientes diagnosticados com OAT tratados num centro de cuidados de terceiro nível de janeiro de 2005 a julho de 2016. Os resultados. Um total de 236 órbitas de 118 pacientes foram avaliados, com uma idade média de 47,3 (13,2 anos, 74,6% eram do sexo feminino e 25,4% masculinos. 4,2% dos doentes foram tratados com hipotiroidismo, 94,1% com hipertireoidismo e 1,7% com goiter tóxico difuso. 44,9% dos doentes estudados com restrição de movimento ocular,10,2% com queratopatia de exposição e 51,7% com hipertensão intraocular. 34,7% dos doentes avaliados no serviço necessitaram de descompressão orbital, 16,1% de cirurgia palpebral e 8,5% de correção do hatrabisma. Na gestão conservadora destes doentes, 48,3% exigiam o uso de lubrificantes tópicos dos olhos, enquanto 52,5% dos pacientes necessitavam do uso de hipotensivos oculares em número variável. As conclusões. A OAT foi associada principalmente ao hipertiroidismo, sendo mais comum em pacientes do sexo feminino entre os 40 e os 59 anos; mais de 50% dos pacientes necessitaram do uso de hipotensivos oculares. Da mesma forma, a gestão cirúrgica foi realizada em mais de 50% dos pacientes, sendo a descompressão orbital a intervenção mais frequente.

ABSTRACT Objective. To know the demographic and clinical characteristics of Thyroid Associated Orbitopathy (TAO), as well as the requirement rate of orbital surgery in patients of the Orbit Service in the National Medical Center of the West, IMSS. Methods. Observational, cross-cutting, descriptive and retrospective study carried out analyzing the records of patients diagnosed with TAO and treated at a third-level care center from January 2005 to July 2016. Results. A total of 236 orbits of 118 patients were valued, with an average age of 47.3 ± 13.2 years, 74.6% were female and 25.4% male. 4.2% of patients were treated with hypothyroidism, 94.1% with hyperthyroidism and 1.7% with diffuse toxic goiter. 44.9% of patients studied had eye movement restriction,10.2% exposure keratopathy and 51.7% intraocular hypertension. 34.7% of patients valued in the service required orbital decompression, 16.1% palpebral surgery and 8.5% strabism correction. In the conservative management of these patients 48.3% required the use of topical eye lubricants, while 52.5% required the use of eye hypotensives in variable numbers. Conclusions. TAO was mainly associated with hyperthyroidism, being more common in female patients between the age of 40 and 59; more than 50% of patients required the use of eye hypotensives. Likewise, surgical management was performed in more than 50% of patients, with orbital decompression being the most frequent intervention.

Pérdida de agudeza visual progresiva en paciente con proptosis. Caso clínico y revisión de la literatura / Progressive visual impairment in a patient with proptosis. Case report and review of the literature.

Introducción: a raíz del siguiente reporte de caso clínico se pretende repensar el diagnóstico diferencial de los tumores orbitales y revisar la literatura existente al respecto. Caso: paciente de 54 años, fumadora, acude a nuestro centro por una pérdida de agudeza visual progresiva de dos años de evolución en el ojo derecho, que se acompañaba de proptosis. Las pruebas de imagen basadas en resonancia magnética y tomografía por emisión de positrones ­ tomografía computarizada (PET-TC) realizadas describían una lesión intraconal derecha de morfología indefinida, que rodeaba el nervio óptico. El estudio inmunohistoquímico y molecular anatomopatológico confirmó la sospecha de síndrome linfoproliferativo extranodal de bajo grado. Discusión: el manejo endoscópico de estas lesiones puede resultar en una menor comorbilidad en comparación con el abordaje externo tradicional. El papel de la cirugía radica en la obtención de una muestra de la lesión que permita un correcto diagnóstico. Conclusiones: el abordaje multidisciplinar con oftalmólogos, hematólogos y expertos en radioterapia permite obtener buenos resultados quirúrgicos y clínicos en la inmensa mayoría de casos.

Introduction: as result of the following clinical case report, we intend to review the differential diagnosis of orbital tumors and review the existing literature in this regard. Case report: a 54-year-old smoking patient, consulted to our department due to a progressive visual impairment over the last two years in her right eye. She presented proptosis in her clinical examination. Imaging studies based on MRI and PET-CT described a right intraconal lesion with an undefined morphology surrounding the optic nerve. Orbital tumors differential diagnosis is delicate. Nevertheless, Non-Hodgkin lymphomas followed by metastasis are the two most common found in this location. The immunohistochemistry and molecular studies, confirmed the suspected diagnosis of extranodal low-grade lymphoproliferative syndrome. Discussion: endoscopic management of these lesions may result in a lower comorbidity compared to traditional external approaches. Role of surgery lays in obtainment of a quality sample which allows a proper diagnosis. Conclusions: multidisciplinary approach with ophthalmologists, hematologists and radiotherapy experts enhance good surgical and clinical results in the vast majority of cases.

Orbital Bone Decompression for Non-Thyroid Eye Disease Proptosis.

PURPOSE: To report a multicenter large case series of orbital decompression for non-thyroid eye disease proptosis. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of cases of orbital decompression performed by 9 experienced orbital surgeons from different countries from 2014 to 2017 for non-thyroid eye disease proptosis. Patients were divided into 3 groups: 1) negative vector (high axial length or shallow orbit), 2) inflammatory, and 3) tumor. Types of orbital decompression and Hertel exophthalmometry (preoperative and minimum 6 months postoperative) were recorded. Charts were also assessed for serious complications. The amount of exophthalmometry improvement was recorded according to the above groups. RESULTS: The analysis included 41 orbits of 29 patients (14 women and 15 men) with a mean age of 38.9 years (ranging from 9 to 74; standard deviation (SD) 15.66). There were 17 orbits of 11 patients in the negative vector group, 16 orbits of 10 patients in the inflammatory group, and 8 orbits of 8 patients in the tumor group. The mean reduction of proptosis was 2.95 mm in the negative vector group, 2.54 mm in the inflammatory group, and 5.75 mm in the tumor group. There were no serious complications. CONCLUSIONS: Orbital decompression was safe and effective in reducing proptosis for non-thyroid eye disease indications in this series. The amount of exophthalmometry improvement was less in the inflammatory orbitopathy group compared with other proptosis etiology groups.Orbital decompression may have a role in improving proptosis in non-thyroid eye disease entities.

Woakes Syndrome: A Rare Cause of Proptosis due to Sinonasal Polyposis.

The authors report 2 consecutive adult male patients, aged 61 and 38 years, who presented with painless unilateral proptosis. Their past medical histories were negative for asthma, allergies, and Graves disease. On examination, the nose bridge of the eldest patient was clearly enlarged. Computed tomography scans of the orbits and paranasal sinuses showed in both patients the same radiologic pattern of hyperdense ethmoidal opacifications and expansion of the inferomedial orbital floor. Histopathological analysis of the ethmoidal cells mucosa obtained during inferomedial decompression revealed benign sinonasal polyposis. These cases demonstrate that asymptomatic sinonasal polyposis can be a rare cause of proptosis.

Técnica endonasal para cirurgia de descompressão orbitária em paciente com exoftalmopatia de Graves / Endonasal technique for orbital decompression surgery in a patient with Graves' exophthalmopathy

Resumo Paciente do sexo feminino, 29 anos, ex-tabagista, diagnosticada em setembro de 2012 com doença de Graves e apresentação rápida de exoftalmia bilateral. Na avaliação oftalmológica, apresentava motilidade preservada, proptose e bolsa de gordura superior em AO com retração de PPSS e PPII e exoftalmetria em OD de 26 mm,e em OE de 24 mm. Em maio de 2014,fez o mapeamento da retina que evidenciou cicatrizes de coriorretinite em ambos os olhos e campimetria computadorizada, apresentando degrau nasal em OD, contração superior, depressão centro-inferior. Em junho de 2016, realizou cirurgia de descompressão orbitária de paredes medial e inferior bilateral por via endoscópica com uso de endoscópio nasal Karl Storz, em 30 graus de óptica. A abordagem cirúrgica da oftalmopatia de Graves deve ser empregada na fase cicatricial exceto nos casos com risco de perda da visão. Antes realizada por acesso externo, atualmente a descompressão orbitária pode ser realizada via endoscópica, com mínima invasividade e permite a remoção da parede inferior e medial sem necessidade de incisões externas. É um procedimento seguro para o tratamento da orbitopatia distireoidiana associada a menor morbidade, no qual se evita lesões ao ducto nasolacrimal, nasofrontal ou ao infraorbital e se possibilita redução da proptose entre 3 a 4 mm. Os benefícios da descompressão estão relacionados com a melhora da acuidade visual, além do resultado estético. A continuidade do tratamento cirúrgico será realizada por meio de correção de retração palpebral seguida de blefaroplastia.

Abstract Female, 29, former smoker, diagnosed in September 2012 with Graves' disease and rapid presentation of bilateral exophthalmos. In the ophthalmologic evaluation, it presented preserved motility, proptosis and upper fat sac in OA with retraction of PPSS and PPII and exophthalmetry in OD of 26 mm, and in OE of 24 mm. In May 2014, he performed the mapping of the retina that showed scars of chorioretinitis in both eyes and computerized campimetry, presenting a nasal step in OD, superior contraction, central-inferior depression. In June 2016, he underwent orbital decompression surgery of the medial and inferior bilateral walls by endoscopic approach using the Karl Storz nasal endoscope at 30 degrees of optics. The surgical approach of Graves' ophthalmopathy should be used in the cicatricial phase except in cases with risk of loss of vision. Before performed by external access, orbital decompression can now be performed endoscopically, with minimal invasiveness and allows the removal of the inferior wall and Without external incisions. It is a safe procedure for the treatment of dysthyroidal orbitopathy, associated with lower morbidity, in which lesions are avoided in the nasolacrimal, nasofrontal, or infraorbital ducts and it is possible to reduce proptosis between 3 and 4 mm. The benefits of decompression are related to Improvement of visual acuity, besides the aesthetic result. The continuation of the surgical treatment will be performed by correction of palpebral retraction followed by blepharoplasty.

Proptosis ocular en el ojo emú (Rhea americana) en cautiverio - reporte de un caso / Ocular proptosis in eye emu (Rhea americana) in captivity - case report / Proptose ocular em olho de ema (Rhea americana) mantida em cativeiro - relato de caso

Traumatismos oculares son comunes en animales salvajes. La proptosis ocular o protuberancia es el desplazamiento anterior del globo ocular, con su encarcelamiento por los párpados detrás de la línea ecuatorial, unilateral o bilateral. La reintroducción del globo ocular es un procedimiento obligatorio en proptoses excepto en los casos relacionados con la extrusión o la destrucción de sus estructuras internas. Con frecuencia se observa en los reptiles, las aves de caza y pescado ornamental sufriendo trauma, y la enucleación o evisceración puede ser la solución a muchos de estos casos. Para el procedimiento quirúrgico, una maniobra anestésico seguro y fácilmente reversible es necesario. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar un caso de proptosis ocular en emú (Rhea americana). El animal en cuestión, con protrusión del globo ocular izquierdo , desvitalizado y opacidad de la córnea, cautivo detenido con otro ejemplar de la misma especie en un gran recinto con vegetación natural. Se observó que el animal había sido contra la valla de la caja cada vez que el manejador apareció para llevar a cabo la gestión diária. Se realizó un examen clínico y instruimos tratamiento médico sin mejoría clínica significativa, así que optamos por la realización de la evisceración del globo ocularesquerdo . La proptosis es una enfermedad que puede ser tratada y con frecuencia el animal a preservar [...](AU)

Ocular traumas are common in wild animals. The proptosis or eye protrusion is an anterior displacement of the eyeball, with its imprisonment by the eyelids behind the equator, unilateral or bilateral. The reintroduction of the eyeball is mandatory procedure in proptoses except in cases associated with extrusion or the destruction of their internal structures. It is often observed in reptiles, birds of prey and ornamental fish suffering trauma, and enucleation or evisceration may be the solution to many of these cases. For the surgical procedure, a safe and easily reversible anesthetic maneuver is necessary. The aim of this study is to report a case of ocular proptosis in rhea (Rhea americana). The animal in question, with protrusion of the left eyeball, devitalized and corneal opacity, held captive with another copy of the same species in a large enclosure with natural vegetation. It was observed that the animal had been against the fence of the enclosure each time the attendant appeared to perform the daily management. We performed clinical examination and instructed medical treatment without significant clinical improvement, so we opted for the realization of gutting the left eyeball. The proptosis is a disease which can be treated and often preserve the animal's vision. However, in more severe or chronic cases, only surgical treatment as enucleation or evisceration should be [...](AU)

Os traumas oculares são comuns em animais selvagens. A proptose ou protrusão ocular é o deslocamento anterior do bulbo ocular, com seu encarceramento pelas pálpebras atrás da região do equador, uni ou bilateral. A reintrodução do bulbo ocular é procedimento obrigatório nas proptoses, exceto nos casos associados à extrusão ou à destruição de suas estruturas internas. É frequentemente observada em répteis, aves de rapina e peixes ornamentais que sofrem traumas, e a enucleação ou a evisceração podem ser a solução para vários desses casos. Para a realização do procedimento cirúrgico, faz-se necessária uma manobra anestésica segura e facilmente reversível. O objetivo do presente trabalho é relatar um caso de proptose ocular em ema (Rhea americana). O animal em questão, com protrusão do globo ocular esquerdo, desvitalização e opacidade da córnea, era mantido em cativeiro com outro exemplar da mesma espécie em um recinto amplo e com vegetação natural. Foi observado que o animal vinha de encontro ao alambrado do recinto toda vez que o tratador aparecia para realização do manejo diário. Foi realizado exame clínico e instituído tratamento clínico sem melhora significativa, assim optou-se pela realização da evisceração do globo ocular esquerdo. A proptose do globo ocular é uma doença que pode ser tratada e muitas vezes preservar a visão do animal, no entanto, em casos mais graves ou [...](AU)

Proptosis ocular en el ojo emú (Rhea americana) en cautiverio - reporte de un caso / Ocular proptosis in eye emu (Rhea americana) in captivity - case report / Proptose ocular em olho de ema (Rhea americana) mantida em cativeiro - relato de caso

Traumatismos oculares son comunes en animales salvajes. La proptosis ocular o protuberancia es el desplazamiento anterior del globo ocular, con su encarcelamiento por los párpados detrás de la línea ecuatorial, unilateral o bilateral. La reintroducción del globo ocular es un procedimiento obligatorio en proptoses excepto en los casos relacionados con la extrusión o la destrucción de sus estructuras internas. Con frecuencia se observa en los reptiles, las aves de caza y pescado ornamental sufriendo trauma, y la enucleación o evisceración puede ser la solución a muchos de estos casos. Para el procedimiento quirúrgico, una maniobra anestésico seguro y fácilmente reversible es necesario. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar un caso de proptosis ocular en emú (Rhea americana). El animal en cuestión, con protrusión del globo ocular izquierdo , desvitalizado y opacidad de la córnea, cautivo detenido con otro ejemplar de la misma especie en un gran recinto con vegetación natural. Se observó que el animal había sido contra la valla de la caja cada vez que el manejador apareció para llevar a cabo la gestión diária. Se realizó un examen clínico y instruimos tratamiento médico sin mejoría clínica significativa, así que optamos por la realización de la evisceración del globo ocularesquerdo . La proptosis es una enfermedad que puede ser tratada y con frecuencia el animal a preservar [...]

Ocular traumas are common in wild animals. The proptosis or eye protrusion is an anterior displacement of the eyeball, with its imprisonment by the eyelids behind the equator, unilateral or bilateral. The reintroduction of the eyeball is mandatory procedure in proptoses except in cases associated with extrusion or the destruction of their internal structures. It is often observed in reptiles, birds of prey and ornamental fish suffering trauma, and enucleation or evisceration may be the solution to many of these cases. For the surgical procedure, a safe and easily reversible anesthetic maneuver is necessary. The aim of this study is to report a case of ocular proptosis in rhea (Rhea americana). The animal in question, with protrusion of the left eyeball, devitalized and corneal opacity, held captive with another copy of the same species in a large enclosure with natural vegetation. It was observed that the animal had been against the fence of the enclosure each time the attendant appeared to perform the daily management. We performed clinical examination and instructed medical treatment without significant clinical improvement, so we opted for the realization of gutting the left eyeball. The proptosis is a disease which can be treated and often preserve the animal's vision. However, in more severe or chronic cases, only surgical treatment as enucleation or evisceration should be [...]

Os traumas oculares são comuns em animais selvagens. A proptose ou protrusão ocular é o deslocamento anterior do bulbo ocular, com seu encarceramento pelas pálpebras atrás da região do equador, uni ou bilateral. A reintrodução do bulbo ocular é procedimento obrigatório nas proptoses, exceto nos casos associados à extrusão ou à destruição de suas estruturas internas. É frequentemente observada em répteis, aves de rapina e peixes ornamentais que sofrem traumas, e a enucleação ou a evisceração podem ser a solução para vários desses casos. Para a realização do procedimento cirúrgico, faz-se necessária uma manobra anestésica segura e facilmente reversível. O objetivo do presente trabalho é relatar um caso de proptose ocular em ema (Rhea americana). O animal em questão, com protrusão do globo ocular esquerdo, desvitalização e opacidade da córnea, era mantido em cativeiro com outro exemplar da mesma espécie em um recinto amplo e com vegetação natural. Foi observado que o animal vinha de encontro ao alambrado do recinto toda vez que o tratador aparecia para realização do manejo diário. Foi realizado exame clínico e instituído tratamento clínico sem melhora significativa, assim optou-se pela realização da evisceração do globo ocular esquerdo. A proptose do globo ocular é uma doença que pode ser tratada e muitas vezes preservar a visão do animal, no entanto, em casos mais graves ou [...]

A subcranial Le Fort III advancement with distraction osteogenesis as a clinical strategy to approach pycnodysostosis with midface retrusion and exorbitism.

Pycnodysostosis is a rare autosomal recessive skeletal disorder involving a constellation of craniofacial manifestations including midface retrusion. We report the case of a 13-year-old girl with pycnodysostosis who presented with exorbitism, midface retrusion, malocclusion, and obstructive sleep apnea. Here, we describe the successful use of subcranial Le Fort III advancement using distraction osteogenesis with internal Kawamoto distracters. After a latency of 5 days, distraction for 10 days, and consolidation for 12 weeks, her midface was advanced by 10 mm with slight overcorrection at the occlusion level. At 2 years postoperatively, the patient had complete remission of her sleep apnea, resolution of her exorbitism, and amelioration of her class III malocclusion to class I. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a successful subcranial Le Fort III midface advancement with distraction osteogenesis for craniofacial reconstruction of a pycnodysostosis. Our report highlights the surgical options that have been described for this craniofacial deformity and presents a novel and expedient approach for patients with pycnodysostosis presenting with exorbitism, midface retrusion, and/or sleep apnea.

Exophthalmos due to odontogenic intraorbital abscess in Cebus apella.

BACKGROUND: The accumulation of pus in the orbit originating from an infected dental root is classified as odontogenic intraorbital abscess. METHODS: Clinical, laboratory, and image evaluation of a non-human primate was performed. RESULTS: The patient was cured after surgical therapy. CONCLUSIONS: This represents the first report of an odontogenic periodontal abscess in Cebus apella.

Manejo quirúrgico de la orbitopatía de graves / Surgical management in graves' orbitopathy

La enfermedad de Graves corresponde a un síndrome que comprende: bocio hipertiroídeo habitualmente, oftalmopatía asociada a la tiroides y dermatopatía. No se cuenta con estadísticas nacionales, sin embargo la mayoría de los estudios internacionales muestran una frecuencia mayor en la mujer. Desde el punto de vista del manejo quirúrgico de esta enfermedad, éste se basa en tres etapas fundamentales: descompresión orbitaria, cirugía de los músculos extraoculares y finalmente la cirugía de reposicionamiento palpebral, no todos los pacientes requieren estos tres tipos de tratamiento, pero en caso de necesitarlos esta debe ser la secuencia. La indicación quirúrgica dependerá de la fase en que se encuentre el paciente, idealmente deberá realizarse en la fase de inactividad de la enfermedad caracterizada por la ausencia de signología inflamatoria periocular. Este artículo está destinado a mostrar las alternativas quirúrgicas en el tratamiento de las complicaciones oculares de la Orbitopatía de Graves orientado principalmente hacia el exoftálmo y la patología palpebral

Graves' disease is a syndrome comprising usually hyperthyroid goiter, thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy and dermopathy. We do not have national statistics, however International studies show a grater frequency in females. Surgical management is based in three stages: orbital decompression, eye muscle surgery and finally eyelid repositioning, not every patient needs all of these surgical treatments, but in case they do need them this must be the sequence. Surgical indication will depend on the phase of the disease; ideally it will be performed in the phase of inactivity of the disease, which is characterized by the absence of periocular inflammatory signs. This article describes the surgical alternatives in the treatment of the ocular complications in the Graves' orbitopathy, oriented mainly towards exophthalmos and palpebral disease

Proptosis de ojo izquierdo / Left eye proptosis

Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente joven que acude al Servicio de Oftalmología del Hospital Nacional con leve disminución de la agudeza visual y proptosis del ojo izquierdo, sin antecedentes de traumatismo, cefalea, ni diplopía...(GG)

Descompresión orbitaria en la orbitopatía tiroidea / Orbital decompresion in thyroid-related orbitopathy

La orbitopatía tiroidea, se caracteriza por: exoftalmos, retracción palpebral y neuropatía óptica comprensiva en los casos más severos. La descompresión orbitaria se realiza en estos casos para preservar la visión. Objetivo: Mostrar la experiencia de nuestro hospital en esta cirugía por diferentes vías de abordaje: transcraneal, anterior y endoscópica nasal. Métodos: Se realizó un corte evaluativo de 30 casos operados en el período de enero de 1999 a febrero del 2005. La efectividad de la cirugía se evaluó en cuanto a: disminución del exoftalmos y mejoría visual por las tres vías de abordaje. Resultados: Todos los casos operados disminuyeron el exoftalmos y mejoraron su visión. En la vía endoscópica se obtienen excelentes resultados con menor trauma quirúrgico. Conclusiones: Se concluye que la descompresión orbitaria es un tratamiento muy efectivo en la orbitopatía tiroidea y que la vía endoscópica es un procedimiento de acceso mínimo con buenos resultados.

Thyroid-related orbitopathy is characterized by exophthalmos, palpebral retraction and compressive optic neuropathy in the most severe cases. Orbital decompression is performed to preserve the vision in these patients. Objective: To show the experience gained by our hospital in performing this type of surgery using several approaches such as transcranial, anterior and nasal endoscopic paths. Methods: An evaluating study was carried out in 30 cases operated on from January 1999 to February 2005. The surgical effectiveness was evaluated in terms of reduction of exophthalmos and visual improvement using the three approaches. Results: According to data from tables 1, 2 and 3, all the operated patients reduced exophthalmos and improved their vision. The endoscopic approach exhibited excellent results with lower surgical trauma. Conclusions: It was concluded that orbital decompression is a very effective treatment for thyroid-related orbitopathy and that endoscopic approach is a minimum access procedure with good results.

Three-wall decompression technique using transpalpebral and endonasal approach in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of the three-wall decompression technique using transpalpebral and endonasal approach in patients suffering from Graves' ophthalmopathy. METHODS: In this prospective study, we present a consecutive series of 15 subjects (17 eyes) who were submitted to orbital decompression by removing the inferior and lateral walls using transpalpebral incision combined with a transnasal endoscopic resection of the medial wall. The surgical technique involved the preservation of the bone structure between the lamina papyracea of the ethmoid and the maxillary orbital floor. MAIN RESULTS: The mean ocular recession based on Hertel measurements was 6.00 mm (range, 4-9 mm). None of the patients presented pre-operation diplopia, and one developed post-operation diplopia. Visual acuity was preserved in all cases. CONCLUSION: It is safe and efficient to perform three-wall decompression, combining transpalpebral and endoscopic transnasal approach, with preservation of the bone structure and the bone lateral to the infraorbital canal with fixation by two titanium plates on the lateral edge and removal of intraorbital fat, which results in significant proptosis reduction and minimal complications.