[From the circumnavigation of the Vital de Oliveira to the new ration tables: nutrition and health on Brazilian Imperial Navy vessels, 1879-1886]. / Da circum-navegação da Vital de Oliveira às novas tabelas de rações: alimentação e saúde a bordo dos navios da Marinha Imperial Brasileira, 1879-1886.

The corvette Vital de Oliveira was the first Brazilian Navy vessel to circumnavigate the world, from 1879 to 1881. One of the items that concerned its captain, Júlio de Noronha, in his trip report was the food supply, which was further reinforced in the medical report for the expedition written by the head surgeon, Galdino Magalhães. This concern was notable due to the high numbers of sailors who sickened and died during the trip, which according to both reports may have been caused by shortages of certain foods. This article discusses the relationship between food and health in the crew, as well as the relationship between this journey and the implementation of a new ration table that took effect in 1886.

Entre 1879 e 1881 a corveta Vital de Oliveira realizou a primeira viagem de circum-navegação da Marinha Brasileira. Um dos itens que ocuparam as preocupações do comandante do navio, Júlio de Noronha, em seu relatório da viagem foi a alimentação; preocupação reforçada no relatório médico da expedição redigido pelo primeiro-cirurgião Galdino Magalhães. Essa preocupação ganhou destaque devido ao elevado saldo de enfermos e mortos durante a viagem, para o que teria contribuído a carência de determinados gêneros alimentícios, de acordo com ambos os relatórios. O artigo discute a relação entre a alimentação e a saúde das tripulações. Além disso, trata da relação entre a viagem da Vital e a implementação de uma nova tabela de rações efetivada em 1886.

Da circum-navegação da Vital de Oliveira às novas tabelas de rações: alimentação e saúde a bordo dos navios da Marinha Imperial Brasileira, 1879-1886 / From the circumnavigation of the Vital de Oliveira to the new ration tables: nutrition and health on Brazilian Imperial Navy vessels, 1879-1886

Resumo Entre 1879 e 1881 a corveta Vital de Oliveira realizou a primeira viagem de circum-navegação da Marinha Brasileira. Um dos itens que ocuparam as preocupações do comandante do navio, Júlio de Noronha, em seu relatório da viagem foi a alimentação; preocupação reforçada no relatório médico da expedição redigido pelo primeiro-cirurgião Galdino Magalhães. Essa preocupação ganhou destaque devido ao elevado saldo de enfermos e mortos durante a viagem, para o que teria contribuído a carência de determinados gêneros alimentícios, de acordo com ambos os relatórios. O artigo discute a relação entre a alimentação e a saúde das tripulações. Além disso, trata da relação entre a viagem da Vital e a implementação de uma nova tabela de rações efetivada em 1886.

Abstract The corvette Vital de Oliveira was the first Brazilian Navy vessel to circumnavigate the world, from 1879 to 1881. One of the items that concerned its captain, Júlio de Noronha, in his trip report was the food supply, which was further reinforced in the medical report for the expedition written by the head surgeon, Galdino Magalhães. This concern was notable due to the high numbers of sailors who sickened and died during the trip, which according to both reports may have been caused by shortages of certain foods. This article discusses the relationship between food and health in the crew, as well as the relationship between this journey and the implementation of a new ration table that took effect in 1886.

Jean-Baptiste Charcot in Rio de Janeiro: glamorous trip and celebrity in 1908.

The authors review the visit of Commander Charcot and the crew of his ship, the "Pourquoi Pas?", to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1908, where he stayed for eight days, while en-route as part of the second French expedition to the Antarctic. It was a glamorous stay as Commander Charcot was treated as a true star and international celebrity, befitting his position.

[Naturalists at rest: an analysis of scenes from nineteenth century iconography]. / O descanso dos naturalistas: uma análise de cenas na iconografia oitocentista.

During the nineteenth century, scientific expeditions travelled across Brazil investigating its fauna, flora and natural geological resources. By examining letters, reports, travelogues and illustrations of that time, it is possible to picture those expeditions, the naturalists themselves and the assistants who accompanied them, as well as something of society in nineteenth century Brazil. Our research focuses on the iconography of these travelers. These images help us to understand the way these traveling naturalists viewed nature, the men living in the interior and the indigenous peoples. By comparing eight images selected to illustrate the travelers' campsites we sought to observe their similarities and differences, revealing what they tell us about these travelers, their expeditions and the context in which they worked.

Jean-Baptiste Charcot in Rio de Janeiro: glamorous trip and celebrity in 1908 / Jean-Baptiste Charcot no Rio de Janeiro: celebridade e glamour em 1908

The authors review the visit of Commander Charcot and the crew of his ship, the “Pourquoi Pas?”, to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1908, where he stayed for eight days, while en-route as part of the second French expedition to the Antarctic. It was a glamorous stay as Commander Charcot was treated as a true star and international celebrity, befitting his position.

Revisamos a estadia de oito dias do Comandante Jean-Baptiste Charcot e a tripulação do seu navio “Pourquoi Pas?” no Rio de Janeiro, em 1908, durante a segunda expedição francesa para a Antártica. A estadia do Comandante Charcot foi um acontecimento social e o mesmo foi recebido com honrarias dignas de uma celebridade internacional.

[The journey of the vaccine against smallpox: one expedition, two oceans, three continents, and thousands of children]. / El viaje de la vacuna contra la viruela: una expedición, dos océanos, tres continentes y miles de niños.

Spain encouraged, during the Bourbon dynasty, the formation of scientific expeditions, among which was the Royal Philanthropic Vaccine Expedition, an example of biopolitics applied by the state in order to protect health. The expedition went all over the world, using children as a reservoir to transport the vaccine fluid. Francisco Xavier Balmis established a human chain that arm-to-arm materialized the success of the mission. The characteristics and difficulties which children had to pass through and their contribution to the spread of the smallpox vaccine are analyzed.

[Oceanography and King Dom Carlos I's collection of iconography]. / A prática oceanográfica e a coleção iconográfica do rei dom Carlos I.

After the Challenger expedition (1872-1878), other nations started to show interest in oceanographic research and organizing their own expeditions. As of 1885, Prince Albert I of Monaco conducted oceanographic campaigns with the collaboration of some of the best marine biologists and physical oceanographers of the day, inventing new techniques and instruments for the oceanographic work. Prince Albert's scientific activity certainly helped kindle the interest of his friend, Dom Carlos I, king of Portugal, in the study of the oceans and marine life. Both shared the need to use photography to document their studies. This article analyzes the role of scientific photography in oceanography, especially in the expeditions organized by the Portuguese monarch.

[Brazil in the travel journal by Captain Robert FitzRoy of the HMS Beagle, 1828-1839]. / O Brasil no relato de viagens do comandante Robert FitzRoy do HMS Beagle, 1828-1839.

In the 1830s, the Royal Navy's ships were charged with precisely mapping out coastlines and ports, contacting local governments, and establishing trade and diplomatic relations. On returning to Britain, men like Robert FitzRoy, captain of the His Majesty's Ship (HMS) Beagle, would publish reports on their expeditions. They described and analyzed the societies they visited and compared them with Britain's actions around the globe. Brazil's tropical landscapes inspired their admiration, but its inhabitants were criticized for the inefficiency of their economic explorations and social backwardness. In this period, science accompanied the expansion of the British Empire, and accounts written by ships' captains legitimized the discourse about its practices of domination.

[The coast of Northeast Brazil as a Darwinian scientific object: the explorations of John Casper Branner, 1899-1911]. / O litoral do Nordeste do Brasil como objeto científico darwinista: as prospecções de John Casper Branner, 1899-1911.

John Casper Branner, a US geologist, had a long history of research in Brazil. The article analyzes his exploration of the geology of the coast of Northeast Brazil during the Branner-Agassiz (1899) and Stanford (1911) expeditions. In the findings from both voyages, Branner characterized the geomorphology of sedimentary basins, sandstone reefs, and coral reefs from a Darwinian evolutionary perspective, blending natural history's model of field research with the practices of modern biology and dynamic geology. He based his interpretation of the evolution of the geological formation on physical and chemical factors. Zoological studies identified the place of evolutionary variation and adaptations of isolated marine species as an auxiliary factor in natural selection.

O Brasil no relato de viagens do comandante Robert FitzRoy do HMS Beagle, 1828-1839 / Brazil in the travel journal by Captain Robert FitzRoy of the HMS Beagle, 1828-1839

Na década de 1830, os navios da Marinha Real britânica tinham a missão de realizar mapeamentos precisos de costas e portos, contatar governos locais e estabelecer relações comerciais e diplomáticas. Ao voltar à Inglaterra, homens como Robert FitzRoy, comandante do His Majesty’s Ship (HMS) Beagle, publicaram relatos de suas expedições. Descreveram e analisaram as sociedades visitadas, comparando-as com a atuação britânica no globo. No Brasil, entusiasmaram-se com as paisagens tropicais e criticaram seus habitantes, tidos como ineficientes na exploração econômica e socialmente atrasados. Naqueles anos, a ciência acompanhou a expansão imperial britânica, e os relatos dos comandantes legitimaram discursos sobre suas práticas de dominação.

In the 1830s, the Royal Navy’s ships were charged with precisely mapping out coastlines and ports, contacting local governments, and establishing trade and diplomatic relations. On returning to Britain, men like Robert FitzRoy, captain of the His Majesty’s Ship (HMS) Beagle, would publish reports on their expeditions. They described and analyzed the societies they visited and compared them with Britain’s actions around the globe. Brazil’s tropical landscapes inspired their admiration, but its inhabitants were criticized for the inefficiency of their economic explorations and social backwardness. In this period, science accompanied the expansion of the British Empire, and accounts written by ships’ captains legitimized the discourse about its practices of domination.

A prática oceanográfica e a coleção iconográfica do rei dom Carlos I / Oceanography and King Dom Carlos I’ s collection of iconography

Após a expedição do Challenger (1872-1878), outras nações começaram a interessar-se pela pesquisa oceanográfica e a organizar suas próprias expedições. Desde 1885 que o príncipe Albert I de Mónaco realizava campanhas oceanográficas, com a colaboração de alguns dos melhores cientistas em biologia marinha e em oceanografia física, inventando técnicas e instrumentos para a realização dos trabalhos oceanográficos. A atividade científica do príncipe Albert certamente contribuiu para estimular o interesse do seu amigo, o rei dom Carlos I de Portugal, pelo estudo dos oceanos e da vida marinha. Ambos compartilhavam a necessidade de usar a fotografia para documentar suas pesquisas. Este artigo analisa o papel da fotografia científica na ciência oceanográfica, particularmente nas expedições realizadas pelo monarca português.

After the Challenger expedition (1872-1878), other nations started to show interest in oceanographic research and organizing their own expeditions. As of 1885, Prince Albert I of Monaco conducted oceanographic campaigns with the collaboration of some of the best marine biologists and physical oceanographers of the day, inventing new techniques and instruments for the oceanographic work. Prince Albert’s scientific activity certainly helped kindle the interest of his friend, Dom Carlos I, king of Portugal, in the study of the oceans and marine life. Both shared the need to use photography to document their studies. This article analyzes the role of scientific photography in oceanography, especially in the expeditions organized by the Portuguese monarch.

O litoral do Nordeste do Brasil como objeto científico darwinista: as prospecções de John Casper Branner, 1899-1911 / The coast of Northeast Brazil as a Darwinian scientific object: the explorations of John Casper Branner, 1899-1911

John Casper Branner, geólogo norte-americano, desenvolveu uma longa história de investigação no Brasil. Analisa-se, aqui, como ele tratou a geologia do litoral do Nordeste na Branner-Agassiz Expedition (1899) e na Stanford Expedition (1911). As expedições indicam como a geomorfologia das bacias sedimentares, dos recifes de arenito e dos recifes de corais foi caracterizada sob uma perspectiva evolutiva darwinista. Branner integrou o modelo de pesquisa de campo da história natural com as práticas da biologia moderna e da geologia dinâmica, e interpretou a evolução da formação geológica a partir dos fatores físico-químicos. Os estudos zoológicos identificaram o lugar da variação e das adaptações evolutivas das espécies marinhas isoladas como fator auxiliar da seleção natural.

John Casper Branner, a US geologist, had a long history of research in Brazil. The article analyzes his exploration of the geology of the coast of Northeast Brazil during the Branner-Agassiz (1899) and Stanford (1911) expeditions. In the findings from both voyages, Branner characterized the geomorphology of sedimentary basins, sandstone reefs, and coral reefs from a Darwinian evolutionary perspective, blending natural history’s model of field research with the practices of modern biology and dynamic geology. He based his interpretation of the evolution of the geological formation on physical and chemical factors. Zoological studies identified the place of evolutionary variation and adaptations of isolated marine species as an auxiliary factor in natural selection.

Jean-Baptiste Charcot and Brazil.

Jean-Baptiste Charcot, a neurologist from the famous Salpêtrière school and a renowned maritime explorer, visited Brazil twice. The first visit was in 1903, when the first French Antarctic expedition, traveling aboard the ship Français, made a very short stopover in Recife, in the state of Pernambuco. The second took place in 1908, during the famous voyage of the Pourquoi Pas? to the Antarctic, when Charcot and his crew stayed in the city of Rio de Janeiro for eight days.

Jean-Baptiste Charcot and Brazil / Jean-Baptiste Charcot e o Brasil

Jean-Baptiste Charcot, a neurologist from the famous Salpêtrière school and a renowned maritime explorer, visited Brazil twice. The first visit was in 1903, when the first French Antarctic expedition, traveling aboard the ship Français, made a very short stopover in Recife, in the state of Pernambuco. The second took place in 1908, during the famous voyage of the Pourquoi Pas? to the Antarctic, when Charcot and his crew stayed in the city of Rio de Janeiro for eight days.

Jean-Baptiste Charcot, neurologista formado na famosa escola do hospital Salpêtrière, e famoso explorador marítimo, visitou o Brasil por duas vezes. A primeira em 1903, numa curta passagem, em Recife/Pernambuco, a bordo do navio Français, durante a primeira expedição francesa à antártica, e a segunda, em 1908, durante a famosa viagem do Pourquoi Pas? à Antártica, quando ele e sua tripulação permaneceram na cidade do Rio de Janeiro por oito dias.

Jean-Baptiste Charcot, the French Antarctic expedition and scurvy.

During the second expedition to the South Pole, Commander Jean-Baptiste Charcot and some members of the crew of "Pourquoi Pas?" developed symptoms suggestive of scurvy. The clinical picture was totally reversed after dietary changes.

Jean-Baptiste Charcot, the French Antarctic expedition and scurvy / Jean-Baptiste Charcot, expedição Antártica e escorbuto

During the second expedition to the South Pole, Commander Jean-Baptiste Charcot and some members of the crew of “Pourquoi Pas?” developed symptoms suggestive of scurvy. The clinical picture was totally reversed after dietary changes.

Durante a segunda expedição polar do sul, o comandante Charcot e alguns membros da tripulação do “Porquoi Pas?” desenvolveram sintomas sugestivos de escorbuto. O quadro clínico foi totalmente reversível após modificações da dieta.

Vida, engenho e arte: o acervo histórico da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Life skill and art: the historical collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation

Livro de fotografias sobre o acervo histórico da Fiocruz, formado em mais de um século por meio de expedições científicas, campanhas sanitárias e diversas atividades de pesquisa e ensino realizadas em seus laboratórios. Fotografias históricas de Joaquim Pinto somam-se às contemporâneas de Bruno Veiga para exibição deste amplo acervo de conhecimento, que encontra-se no campus de Manguinhos, no Rio de Janeiro, onde há um castelo mourisco, além de edificações centenárias em estilo eclético e modernista. Em breves artigos, historiadores e outros especialistas contextualizam a formação de cada tipo de acervo, revelando, também, aspectos da evolução da saúde pública no Brasil.

Paul Deshayes (1796-1875) e a Comissao Geologica do Reino: uma colaboracao com o Estado portugues / Paul Deshayes (1796-1875) and the Geological Commission of the Kingdom: a collaboration with the Portuguese state

Carlos Ribeiro, um dos diretores da Comissão Geológica de Portugal, empreendeu em 1858 viagem por vários países da Europa, para adquirir bibliografia, equipamentos e coleções de comparação. Em Paris, conheceu o reputado conquiliologista Paul Deshayes, que lhe franqueou suas coleções pessoais do Terciário francês e o ajudou na classificação de fósseis portugueses. O trabalho conjunto revela-se na listagem de Ribeiro conservada no arquivo histórico do Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia (Alfragide, Portugal), tendo aquelas classificações servido de base a uma monografia publicada por Pereira da Costa, parceiro de Ribeiro na Comissão Geológica, e à definição da estratigrafia dos depósitos terciários portugueses.

Carlos Ribeiro, one of the directors of the Geological Commission of Portugal, voyaged in 1858 to many countries of Europe to acquire publications, equipment and comparator collections. In Paris he met Paul Deshayes, a well-known conchologist, who gave him access to his personal collections of Tertiary deposits from France and helped him to classify Portuguese fossils. The outcome of the joint work can be seen in the Ribeiro List, which is preserved in the historic archives of the National Energy and Geology Laboratory (Alfragide, Portugal). These classifications served as a basis for a monograph published by Pereira da Costa, Ribeiro's colleague on the Geological Commission, and the definition of the stratigraphy of Portugal's Tertiary deposits.

Malaria como doenca e perspectiva cultural nas viagens de Carlos Chagas e Mario de Andrade a Amazonia / Malaria as a disease and as a cultural perspective in Carlos Chagas' and Mario de Andrade's travels to the Amazon

Trata de duas viagens importantes para o pensamento social sobre a Amazônia: a de Carlos Chagas, realizada de 1912 a 1913, e a de Mário de Andrade, em 1927. Para discutir o papel dessas experiências nas interpretações desses autores, analisam-se as relações propostas entre malária e o projeto de constituir uma civilização nos trópicos. Nos textos de Chagas, estranhamento é a categoria que organiza a percepção a respeito da Amazônia, evidenciada na ideia de patologia dos trópicos a desafiar o conhecimento estabelecido sobre a doença. Empatia, por outro lado, é a categoria-chave para compreender a perspectiva crítica de Mário de Andrade, que valoriza as formas de sociabilidade, crenças e expressões populares da região, inclusive as relativas à malária.

Two journeys have had an important bearing on social thought regarding the Amazon: Carlos Chagas', from 1912 to 1913, and Mário de Andrade's, in 1927. The article examines how their travel experiences influenced these two men's views and interpretations of the relation between malaria and the project to bring civilization to the tropics. In Chagas' texts, wonderment is the category that organizes his perception of the Amazon region, evinced in the idea that the pathology of the tropics challenges established knowledge of the disease. Empathy, on the other hand, is the explanatory key to understanding Mário de Andrade's critical outlook, which entails the valorization of forms of sociability, beliefs, and popular manifestations in the region, including those related to malaria.