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1.
Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf ; 23(4): e13410, 2024 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39030812

RESUMEN

Given the growing global demand for seafood, it is imperative to conduct a comprehensive study on the prevalence and persistence patterns of pathogenic bacteria and viruses associated with specific seafood varieties. This assessment thoroughly examines the safety of seafood products, considering the diverse processing methods employed in the industry. The importance of understanding the behavior of foodborne pathogens, such as Salmonella typhimurium, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Clostridium botulinum, Listeria monocytogenes, human norovirus, and hepatitis A virus, is emphasized by recent cases of gastroenteritis outbreaks linked to contaminated seafood. This analysis examines outbreaks linked to seafood in the United States and globally, with a particular emphasis on the health concerns posed by pathogenic bacteria and viruses to consumers. Ensuring the safety of seafood is crucial since it directly relates to consumer preferences on sustainability, food safety, provenance, and availability. The review focuses on assessing the frequency, growth, and durability of infections that arise during the processing of seafood. It utilizes next-generation sequencing to identify the bacteria responsible for these illnesses. Additionally, it analyzes methods for preventing and intervening of infections while also considering the forthcoming challenges in ensuring the microbiological safety of seafood products. This evaluation emphasizes the significance of the seafood processing industry in promptly responding to evolving consumer preferences by offering current information on seafood hazards and future consumption patterns. To ensure the continuous safety and sustainable future of seafood products, it is crucial to identify and address possible threats.


Asunto(s)
Bacterias , Microbiología de Alimentos , Alimentos Marinos , Virus , Alimentos Marinos/microbiología , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Virus/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Inocuidad de los Alimentos , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/microbiología , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/epidemiología , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/prevención & control , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/virología , Animales , Manipulación de Alimentos/métodos
2.
Viruses ; 16(7)2024 Jun 26.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39066189

RESUMEN

Viruses impose a significant public health burden globally, and one of the key elements in controlling their transmission is the ability to inactivate them using disinfectants. However, numerous challenges to inactivating foodborne viruses exist due to inherent viral characteristics (such as recalcitrance to commonly used inactivation agents) and external factors (such as improper cleaning before application of inactivation agent, improper contact time, etc.). Given the potential for improper application of disinfectants (such as shorter than recommended contact time, improper disinfectant concentration, etc.), understanding the performance of a disinfectant in the presence of an organic load is important. To accomplish this, the introduction of simulated organic loads is often used when studying the efficacy of a disinfectant against different viruses. However, the different types of simulated organic loads used in foodborne virus inactivation studies or their relative effects on inactivation have not been reviewed. The purpose of this review is to survey different simulated organic load formulations used in studying foodborne virus inactivation, as well as present and compare the influence of these different formulations on viral inactivation. The findings included in this review suggest that many simulated organic load formulations can reduce disinfectants' efficacy against viruses. Based on the findings in this review, blood, particularly serum or feces, are among the most commonly used and efficacious forms of simulated organic load in many tests.


Asunto(s)
Desinfectantes , Inactivación de Virus , Virus , Inactivación de Virus/efectos de los fármacos , Desinfectantes/farmacología , Virus/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Microbiología de Alimentos , Desinfección/métodos , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/prevención & control , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/virología , Compuestos Orgánicos/farmacología , Compuestos Orgánicos/química
3.
Viruses ; 16(7)2024 Jul 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39066231

RESUMEN

Foodborne diseases are major public health problems globally. Metagenomics has emerged as a widely used tool for pathogen screening. In this study, we conducted an updated Tn5 transposase-assisted RNA/DNA hybrid co-tagmentation (TRACE) library construction approach. To address the detection of prevalent known foodborne viruses and the discovery of unknown pathogens, we employed both specific primers and oligo-T primers during reverse transcription. The method was validated using clinical samples confirmed by RT-qPCR and compared with standard RNA-seq library construction methods. The mapping-based approach enabled the retrieval of nearly complete genomes (>95%) for the majority of virus genome segments (86 out of 88, 97.73%), with a mean coverage depth of 21,494.53× (ranging from 77.94× to 55,688.58×). Co-infection phenomena involving prevalent genotypes of Norovirus with Astrovirus and Human betaherpesvirus 6B were observed in two samples. The updated TRACE-seq exhibited superior performance in viral reads percentages compared to standard RNA-seq library preparation methods. This updated method has expanded its target pathogens beyond solely Norovirus to include other prevalent foodborne viruses. The feasibility and potential effectiveness of this approach were then evaluated as an alternative method for surveilling foodborne viruses, thus paving the way for further exploration into whole-genome sequencing of viruses.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos , Genoma Viral , Metagenómica , Transposasas , Transposasas/genética , Transposasas/metabolismo , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/virología , Humanos , Metagenómica/métodos , Viroma/genética , ARN Viral/genética , Norovirus/genética , Norovirus/clasificación , Biblioteca de Genes , ADN Viral/genética , Virus/genética , Virus/clasificación
4.
Methods Mol Biol ; 2822: 77-86, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38907913

RESUMEN

Foodborne viruses remain the largest cause of human gastroenteritis and one of the largest contributors to foodborne illnesses worldwide. Currently, quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) or real-time qPCR are the detection methods commonly used for quantification of foodborne viruses, but those methods have several disadvantages, such as relying on standard curves for quantification and the background noise from a bulk reaction. ddPCR uses an oil-water emulsion to form multiple droplets that partition small amounts of viral genetic material (DNA or RNA) into each of the droplets. These droplets then undergo amplification cycles and are analyzed using Poisson distributions. This allows for absolute quantification without the need for a standard curve, which makes ddPCR a precise tool in surveillance of foodborne viruses. Herein, we describe the process of detecting foodborne viruses using RNA isolated from various matrices. Up to 96 samples including the positive and negative controls can be analyzed on a single plate by ddPCR.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos , Virus ARN , ARN Viral , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , ARN Viral/genética , Humanos , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/virología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa/métodos , Virus ARN/genética , Virus ARN/aislamiento & purificación , Microbiología de Alimentos/métodos , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa/métodos
5.
Food Environ Virol ; 16(2): 225-240, 2024 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38687458

RESUMEN

Accurate detection, identification, and subsequent confirmation of pathogens causing foodborne illness are essential for the prevention and investigation of foodborne outbreaks. This is particularly true when the causative agent is an enteric virus that has a very low infectious dose and is likely to be present at or near the limit of detection. In this study, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was combined with either of two non-targeted pre-amplification methods (SPIA and SISPA) to investigate their utility as a confirmatory method for RT-qPCR positive results of foods contaminated with enteric viruses. Frozen berries (raspberries, strawberries, and blackberries) were chosen as the food matrix of interest due to their association with numerous outbreaks of foodborne illness. The hepatitis A virus (HAV) and human norovirus (HuNoV) were used as the contaminating agents. The non-targeted WGS strategy employed in this study could detect and confirm HuNoV and HAV at genomic copy numbers in the single digit range, and in a few cases, identified viruses present in samples that had been found negative by RT-qPCR analyses. However, some RT-qPCR-positive samples could not be confirmed using the WGS method, and in cases with very high Ct values, only a few viral reads and short sequences were recovered from the samples. WGS techniques show great potential for confirmation and identification of virally contaminated food items. The approaches described here should be further optimized for routine application to confirm the viral contamination in berries.


Asunto(s)
Contaminación de Alimentos , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos , Fragaria , Frutas , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Rubus , Secuenciación Completa del Genoma , Frutas/virología , Secuenciación Completa del Genoma/métodos , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa/métodos , Fragaria/virología , Humanos , Rubus/virología , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/virología , Genoma Viral/genética , Virus de la Hepatitis A/genética , Virus de la Hepatitis A/aislamiento & purificación , Virus de la Hepatitis A/clasificación , Alimentos Congelados/virología , Norovirus/genética , Norovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Norovirus/clasificación
6.
Food Environ Virol ; 16(2): 180-187, 2024 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38466479

RESUMEN

In March 2019, the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare and Finnish Food Authority started an outbreak investigation after a notification of food business operators' recall of frozen bilberries due to a norovirus finding. A retrospective search was conducted in the food and waterborne outbreak notification system to identify the notifications linked to norovirus and consumption of bilberries in January-March 2019. Five outbreaks were found in which norovirus GII or GII.17 had been detected in patient samples. A pooled retrospective cohort study was performed for those four in which a questionnaire study had been done. A case was defined as a person with diarrhoea or vomiting within 2 days after consuming a meal studied at one of the outbreak locations. Of 79 participants, 45 (57%) cases were identified. Persons that had consumed foods containing unheated bilberries were three times more likely to get ill than those who had not consumed them (RR 3.1, CI 95% 1.2-8.1, p = 0.02). Norovirus GII.17 was found in 16/17 patient samples sent for further typing. Identical norovirus GII.17 was detected in frozen Finnish bilberries and patient samples. At the berry packaging premises, signs of norovirus GII contamination were found in packaging lines. A new procedure for extracting viral nucleic acid from food and environmental samples was used during the outbreak investigation. Consumption of industrially packed frozen berries as heated would be one of the means to prevent norovirus infections.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Caliciviridae , Brotes de Enfermedades , Contaminación de Alimentos , Gastroenteritis , Norovirus , Norovirus/genética , Norovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Norovirus/clasificación , Humanos , Finlandia/epidemiología , Infecciones por Caliciviridae/virología , Infecciones por Caliciviridae/epidemiología , Femenino , Adulto , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Gastroenteritis/virología , Gastroenteritis/epidemiología , Frutas/virología , Anciano , Adulto Joven , Alimentos Congelados/virología , Prunus armeniaca/virología , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/virología , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/epidemiología , Adolescente , Genotipo
7.
Annu Rev Food Sci Technol ; 15(1): 455-472, 2024 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38277693

RESUMEN

Viruses are the leading cause of foodborne illness globally. Concentration of viruses from samples is important for detection because viral contamination of foods often occurs at low levels. In general, virus concentration methods can be classified as either nonspecific, exploiting the relatively homogeneous physicochemical properties of the virus to separate/concentrate it from the sample matrix, or specific, relying on recognition elements such as antibodies to specifically capture and separate viruses from foods. Numerous nonspecific and specific techniques for virus concentration have been reported, each with its own advantages and limitations. Factors to consider can include reagent and equipment costs, time-to-result, ease of use, and potential to eliminate matrix-associated inhibitors. The purpose of this review is to survey the different foodborne virus concentration techniques and their efficacy in various food and environmental matrices as well as discuss some emerging techniques for purification and concentration of viral pathogens from food samples.


Asunto(s)
Microbiología de Alimentos , Virus , Virus/aislamiento & purificación , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/virología , Humanos
8.
Braz. j. biol ; 82: 1-7, 2022. tab, ilus, graf
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1468581

RESUMEN

In this research, some plant seeds powder was evaluated to find their potential effect to rule diseases of food poisoning. Antimicrobial effect of five plant seeds was examined contra Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella. pneumonia and Candida albicans by using well diffusion method. Antimicrobial activity studies revealed high potential activity of plant seeds powder of Nigella sativa L., cucurbita pepo, Sesamum radiatum, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Linum usitatissimum with variable efficiency contra tested microbial strains with concentration of 100 mg/ml, except Sesamum radiatum scored no effect. The T. foenum and N. sativa seed powder showed the largest inhibition zone (24-20 mm) contra K. pneumonia, followed by S. aureus (20-18 mm) and C. albicans (15mm) respectively. The five plant seeds powder exhibited bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects with MIC's 20 and MBC 40 mg/ml against K. pneumonia, and MIC's 40 and MBC 60 mg/ml against S. aureus. The results of this study indicated that plants seeds powder have promising antimicrobial activities and their potential applications in food process. It could be utilized as a natural medicinal alternative instead of chemical substance.


Nesta pesquisa, o pó de sementes de plantas foi avaliado para encontrar seu efeito potencial no controle de doenças de intoxicação alimentar. O efeito antimicrobiano de cinco sementes de plantas foi examinado contra Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia e Candida albicans usando o método de difusão bem. Estudos de atividade antimicrobiana revelaram alto potencial de atividade de sementes de plantas em pó de Nigella sativa L., Cucurbita pepo, Sesamum radiatum, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Linum usitatissimum com eficiência variável contra cepas microbianas testadas com concentração de 100 mg / ml, exceto Sesamum radiatum com pontuação não efeito. O pó de sementes de T. foenum e N. sativa apresentou a maior zona de inibição (24-20 mm) contra K. pneumonia, seguido por S. aureus (20-18 mm) e C. albicans (15 mm), respectivamente. O pó de cinco sementes de plantas exibiu efeitos bacteriostáticos e bactericidas com MIC's 20 e MBC 40 mg / ml contra K. pneumonia, enquanto MIC's 40 e MBC 60 mg / ml contra S. aureus. Os resultados deste estudo indicaram que os pós de sementes de plantas apresentam promissoras atividades antimicrobianas e suas potenciais aplicações em processos alimentícios. Ele poderia ser utilizado como alternativa medicinal natural em vez de substância química.


Asunto(s)
Cucurbita pepo , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/parasitología , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/virología , Sesamum , Técnicas In Vitro
9.
Viruses ; 13(12)2021 11 23.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34960617

RESUMEN

The global increase in multidrug-resistant infections caused by various pathogens has raised concerns in human and veterinary medicine. This has renewed interest in the development of alternative methods to antibiotics, including the use of bacteriophages for controlling bacterial infections. The aim of this review is to present potential uses of bacteriophages as an alternative to antibiotics in the control of bacterial infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria posing a risk to humans, with particular emphasis on foodborne and zoonotic pathogens. A varied therapeutic and immunomodulatory (activation or suppression) effect of bacteriophages on humoral and cellular immune response mechanisms has been demonstrated. The antibiotic resistance crisis caused by global antimicrobial resistance among bacteria creates a compelling need for alternative safe and selectively effective antibacterial agents. Bacteriophages have many properties indicating their potential suitability as therapeutic and/or prophylactic agents. In many cases, bacteriophages can also be used in food quality control against microorganisms such as Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Listeria, Campylobacter and others. Future research will provide potential alternative solutions using bacteriophages to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria.


Asunto(s)
Zoonosis Bacterianas , Bacteriófagos/fisiología , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos , Animales , Zoonosis Bacterianas/terapia , Zoonosis Bacterianas/virología , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/terapia , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/virología
10.
Viruses ; 13(7)2021 07 13.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34372557

RESUMEN

Human coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, are known to spread mainly via close contact and respiratory droplets. However, other potential means of transmission may be present. Fomite-mediated transmission occurs when viruses are deposited onto a surface and then transfer to a subsequent individual. Surfaces can become contaminated directly from respiratory droplets or from a contaminated hand. Due to mask mandates in many countries around the world, the former is less likely. Hands can become contaminated if respiratory droplets are deposited on them (i.e., coughing or sneezing) or through contact with fecal material where human coronaviruses (HCoVs) can be shed. The focus of this paper is on whether human coronaviruses can transfer efficiently from contaminated hands to food or food contact surfaces. The surfaces chosen were: stainless steel, plastic, cucumber and apple. Transfer was first tested with cellular maintenance media and three viruses: two human coronaviruses, 229E and OC43, and murine norovirus-1, as a surrogate for human norovirus. There was no transfer for either of the human coronaviruses to any of the surfaces. Murine norovirus-1 did transfer to stainless steel, cucumber and apple, with transfer efficiencies of 9.19%, 5.95% and 0.329%, respectively. Human coronavirus OC43 transfer was then tested in the presence of fecal material, and transfer was observed for stainless steel (0.52%), cucumber (19.82%) and apple (15.51%) but not plastic. This study indicates that human coronaviruses do not transfer effectively from contaminated hands to contact surfaces without the presence of fecal material.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19/transmisión , Infecciones por Coronavirus/transmisión , Microbiología de Alimentos , SARS-CoV-2/fisiología , COVID-19/virología , Línea Celular , Resfriado Común/transmisión , Coronavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Coronavirus Humano 229E/aislamiento & purificación , Coronavirus Humano OC43/aislamiento & purificación , Contaminación de Equipos , Heces/virología , Fómites , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/virología , Humanos , Norovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Acero Inoxidable
11.
Int J Food Microbiol ; 348: 109151, 2021 Jun 16.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33940535

RESUMEN

Foodborne outbreaks associated with transmission of norovirus are increasingly becoming a public health concern. Foods can be contaminated with faecal material at the point of production or during food preparation, in both the home and in commercial premises. Transmission of norovirus occurs through the faecal-oral route, either via person-to-person contact or through faecal-contamination of food, water, or environmental surfaces. Understanding the role and pathways of norovirus transmission - either via food handlers' hands, contaminated foods or the environment - remains a key public health priority to reduce the burden of norovirus-associated gastroenteritis. However the proportion of norovirus that is typically transferred remains unknown. Understanding this is necessary to estimate the risk of infection and the burden of gastroenteritis caused by norovirus. In this paper we present a novel method of capture, concentration and molecular detection of norovirus from a wider range of complex food matrices than those demonstrated in existing published methods. We demonstrate that this method can be used as a tool to detect and quantify norovirus from naturally contaminated food, and for monitoring norovirus transfer between food handlers' gloved hands, food or the environment. We measure the effect of introducing contamination at different food production process stages, to the final food product, to determine whether this could cause infection and disease. Between 5.9 and 6.3 Log10 cDNA copies/µl of norovirus GII were inoculated onto food handlers' gloved hands, food or the environment and 1.1-7.4% of norovirus contamination was recovered from all samples tested. When interpreted quantitatively, this percentage equates to levels predicted to be sufficient to cause infection and disease through consumption of the final food product, demonstrating a public health risk. Overall detection and quantification of norovirus from foods, food handlers' gloved hands and the environment, when suspected to be implicated in foodborne transmissions, is paramount for appropriate outbreak investigation.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Caliciviridae/transmisión , Manipulación de Alimentos/métodos , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/virología , Gastroenteritis/virología , Norovirus/genética , Infecciones por Caliciviridae/virología , Brotes de Enfermedades , Heces/virología , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Humanos
12.
Appl Environ Microbiol ; 87(16): e0045621, 2021 07 27.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34047634

RESUMEN

Human bocavirus (HBoV) has been recognized as an important pathogen that causes respiratory infection and acute gastroenteritis in young children worldwide. HBoV is most likely transmitted by the respiratory route and by fecal-oral transmission. Recently, HBoV has been detected in several types of environmental water and in bivalve shellfish. However, study of the existence of HBoV in oysters is still undocumented in Thailand. In this study, 144 oyster samples collected from different markets in Chiang Mai, Thailand, in 2017 and 2018 were investigated for the presence of HBoV by nested PCR and sequencing. HBoV was detected in 11 out of 144 samples (7.6%). Nine HBoV-positive samples (81.8%) were identified as genotype 1 (HBoV1) and two (18.2%) as HBoV2. A monthly investigation of HBoV in oyster samples from July 2017 to June 2018 showed that HBoV was sporadically detected in particular months spanning the rainy and colder season, with a peak in January. This study demonstrates the presence and genotype diversity of HBoV in oyster samples in Thailand. The findings contribute to evaluating the risk of foodborne transmission of HBoV and to monitoring outbreaks of HBoV in Thailand and in other countries. IMPORTANCE Human bocavirus is recognized as an important cause of respiratory infection and of acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide. Human bocavirus has been widely detected in many clinical specimens, as well as in several types of environmental samples. Most previous studies describe the incidence of bocavirus infection in humans, whereas few data are available for the occurrence of human bocavirus in food materials, particularly that in bivalve shellfish. Our findings provide evidence for the existence and prevalence of human bocavirus in oysters, suggesting that further monitoring of the potential risk of food- and waterborne transmission of this virus to humans should be undertaken.


Asunto(s)
Bocavirus Humano/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/virología , Animales , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/epidemiología , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/virología , Gastroenteritis/epidemiología , Gastroenteritis/virología , Genotipo , Bocavirus Humano/clasificación , Bocavirus Humano/genética , Humanos , Ostreidae/virología , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/epidemiología , Filogenia , Estaciones del Año , Tailandia/epidemiología
13.
Food Environ Virol ; 13(2): 127-145, 2021 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33738770

RESUMEN

Globally, Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes over 20 million cases worldwide. HEV is an emerging and endemic pathogen within economically developed countries, chiefly resulting from infections with genotype 3 (G3) HEV. G3 HEV is known to be a zoonotic pathogen, with a broad host range. The primary source of HEV within more economically developed countries is considered to be pigs, and consumption of pork products is a significant risk factor and known transmission route for the virus to humans. However, other foods have also been implicated in the transmission of HEV to humans. This review consolidates the information available regarding transmission of HEV and looks to identify gaps where further research is required to better understand how HEV is transmitted to humans through food.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/virología , Virus de la Hepatitis E/fisiología , Hepatitis E/transmisión , Hepatitis E/veterinaria , Zoonosis/transmisión , Animales , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Hepatitis E/virología , Virus de la Hepatitis E/genética , Virus de la Hepatitis E/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Carne/virología , Porcinos , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/virología , Zoonosis/virología
14.
Food Environ Virol ; 13(1): 107-116, 2021 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33501613

RESUMEN

Enteric viruses, such as human norovirus (NoV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV), are the major causes of foodborne illnesses worldwide. These viruses have low infectious dose, and may remain infectious for weeks in the environment and food. Limited information is available regarding viral survival and transmission in low-moisture foods (LMF). LMFs are generally considered as ready-to-eat products, which undergo no or minimal pathogen reduction steps. However, numerous foodborne viral outbreaks associated with LMFs have been reported in recent years. The objective of this study was to examine the survival of foodborne viruses in LMFs during 4-week storage at ambient temperature and to evaluate the efficacy of advanced oxidative process (AOP) treatment in the inactivation of these viruses. For this purpose, select LMFs such as pistachios, chocolate, and cereal were inoculated with HAV and the norovirus surrogates, murine norovirus (MNV) and feline calicivirus (FCV), then viral survival on these food matrices was measured over a four-week incubation at ambient temperature, by both plaque assay and droplet-digital RT-PCR (ddRT-PCR) using the modified ISO-15216 method as well as the magnetic bead assay for viral recovery. We observed an approximately 0.5 log reduction in viral genome copies, and 1 log reduction in viral infectivity for all three tested viruses following storage of select inoculated LMFs for 4 weeks. Therefore, the present study shows that the examined foodborne viruses can persist for a long time in LMFs. Next, we examined the inactivation efficacy of AOP treatment, which combines UV-C, ozone, and hydrogen peroxide vapor, and observed that while approximately 100% (4 log) inactivation can be achieved for FCV, and MNV in chocolate, the inactivation efficiency diminishes to approximately 90% (1 log) in pistachios and 70% (< 1 log) in cereal. AOP treatment could therefore be a good candidate for risk reduction of foodborne viruses from certain LMFs depending on the food matrix and surface of treatment.


Asunto(s)
Chocolate/virología , Grano Comestible/virología , Conservación de Alimentos/métodos , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/virología , Virus de la Hepatitis A/crecimiento & desarrollo , Norovirus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Pistacia/virología , Inactivación de Virus/efectos de los fármacos , Agua/análisis , Animales , Calicivirus Felino/efectos de los fármacos , Calicivirus Felino/genética , Calicivirus Felino/crecimiento & desarrollo , Calicivirus Felino/fisiología , Chocolate/análisis , Grano Comestible/química , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Conservación de Alimentos/instrumentación , Conservantes de Alimentos/química , Conservantes de Alimentos/farmacología , Almacenamiento de Alimentos , Virus de la Hepatitis A/efectos de los fármacos , Virus de la Hepatitis A/genética , Virus de la Hepatitis A/fisiología , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/química , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/farmacología , Ratones , Norovirus/efectos de los fármacos , Norovirus/genética , Norovirus/fisiología , Oxidación-Reducción , Ozono/química , Ozono/farmacología , Pistacia/química
15.
Food Microbiol ; 95: 103709, 2021 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33397626

RESUMEN

The ongoing pandemic involving severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has raised the question whether this virus, which is known to be spread primarily though respiratory droplets, could be spread through the fecal-oral route or via contaminated food. In this article, we present a critical review of the literature exploring the potential foodborne transmission of several respiratory viruses including human coronaviruses, avian influenza virus (AVI), parainfluenza viruses, human respiratory syncytial virus, adenoviruses, rhinoviruses, and Nipah virus. Multiple lines of evidence, including documented expression of receptor proteins on gastrointestinal epithelial cells, in vivo viral replication in gastrointestinal epithelial cell lines, extended fecal shedding of respiratory viruses, and the ability to remain infectious in food environments for extended periods of time raises the theoretical ability of some human respiratory viruses, particularly human coronaviruses and AVI, to spread via food. However, to date, neither epidemiological data nor case reports of clear foodborne transmission of either viruses exist. Thus, foodborne transmission of human respiratory viruses remains only a theoretical possibility.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/virología , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/transmisión , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/virología , Animales , Aves , COVID-19/transmisión , COVID-19/virología , Heces/virología , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2/aislamiento & purificación
16.
Viruses ; 13(1)2021 Jan 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33418922

RESUMEN

Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are one of the leading causes of foodborne illnesses globally. The viral genome is the most essential information for viral source tracing and viral transmission pattern monitoring. However, whole genome sequencing of HuNoVs is still challenging due to the sequence heterogeneity among different genotypes and low titer in samples. To address this need, in this study, the Transposase assisted RNA/DNA hybrid Co-tagmentation (TRACE-seq) method was established for next generation sequencing library preparation of HuNoVs. Our data demonstrated that almost the whole HuNoVs genome (>7 kb) could be obtained from all of the 11 clinical samples tested. Twelve genotypes including GI.3, GI.4, GI.5, GI.8, GII.2, GII.3, GII.4, GII.6, GII.12, GII.13, GII.14, and GII.21 were involved. Compared with the traditional method for viral metagenomics library preparation, optimized TRACE-seq greatly reduced the interference from the host's and bacterial RNAs. In addition, viral genome sequences can be assembled by using less raw data with sufficient depth along the whole genome. Therefore, for the high versatility and reliability, this method is promising for whole viral genome attainment. It is particularly applicable for the viruses with a low titer that are mixed with a complicated host background and are unable to be cultured in vitro, like the HuNoVs utilized in this study.


Asunto(s)
Biblioteca de Genes , Genoma Viral , Norovirus/genética , Norovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Transposasas/genética , Infecciones por Caliciviridae/virología , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/virología , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , Humanos , Metagenómica , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico/métodos , Filogenia , ARN Viral/genética , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN/métodos
17.
Foodborne Pathog Dis ; 18(1): 24-30, 2021 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32716659

RESUMEN

Norovirus is a major cause of foodborne disease and nonbacterial gastroenteritis globally. This study evaluated the antiviral effects of Magnolia officinalis extract and its honokiol and magnolol constituents against human norovirus surrogates, murine norovirus (MNV) and feline calicivirus (FCV) in vitro, and in model food systems. Pretreatment or cotreatment of M. officinalis extract at 1 mg/mL reduced MNV and FCV titers by 0.6-1.8 log. Honokiol and magnolol, which are the major polyphenols in the extract, showed significant antiviral effects against MNV and FCV. The virus-infected cells that were treated with M. officinalis extract exhibited significantly increased glutathione levels (p < 0.05). The extract, honokiol, and magnolol revealed ferric ion-reducing and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activities in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, MNV and FCV titers were reduced by >1.6 log or to undetectable levels in apple, orange, and plum juices and by 0.9 and 1.6 log in milk, respectively, when they were treated with the extract at 5 mg/mL. Therefore, the present study suggests that M. officinalis extract can be used as an antiviral food material to control norovirus foodborne diseases.


Asunto(s)
Antivirales/farmacología , Infecciones por Caliciviridae/prevención & control , Magnolia , Norovirus/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Compuestos de Bifenilo/farmacología , Infecciones por Caliciviridae/veterinaria , Infecciones por Caliciviridae/virología , Calicivirus Felino/efectos de los fármacos , Gatos , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/veterinaria , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/virología , Humanos , Lignanos/farmacología , Ratones
18.
Int J Food Microbiol ; 338: 108995, 2021 Jan 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33316593

RESUMEN

Infectious human diseases acquired from bivalve shellfish consumption constitute a public health threat. These health threats are largely related to the filter-feeding phenomenon, by which bivalve organisms retain and concentrate pathogenic bacteria from their surrounding waters. Even after depuration, bivalve shellfish are still involved in outbreaks caused by pathogenic bacteria, which increases the demand for new and efficient strategies to control transmission of shellfish infection. Bacteriophage (or phage) therapy represents a promising, tailor-made approach to control human pathogens in bivalves, but its success depends on a deep understanding of several factors that include the bacterial communities present in the harvesting waters, the appropriate selection of phage particles, the multiplicity of infection that produces the best bacterial inactivation, chemical and physical factors, the emergence of phage-resistant bacterial mutants and the life cycle of bivalves. This review discusses the need to advance phage therapy research for bivalve decontamination, highlighting their efficiency as an antimicrobial strategy and identifying critical aspects to successfully apply this therapy to control human pathogens associated with bivalve consumption.


Asunto(s)
Bacterias/virología , Bacteriófagos/fisiología , Microbiología de Alimentos/métodos , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/prevención & control , Mariscos/microbiología , Animales , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/microbiología , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/virología , Humanos
19.
Euro Surveill ; 25(37)2020 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32945256

RESUMEN

Following outbreaks linked to frozen strawberries in Sweden and Austria in 2018, 65 cases linked to the same hepatitis A virus strain were detected in Germany between October 2018 and January 2020, presenting in two waves. Two case-control studies and a comparison of cases' consumption frequencies with purchase data from a large consumer panel provided strong evidence for frozen strawberry cake as the main vehicle of transmission. Of 46 cases interviewed, 27 reported consuming frozen strawberry cake and 25 of these identified cake(s) from brand A spontaneously or in product picture-assisted recall. Trace back investigations revealed that the Polish producer involved in the previous outbreaks in Sweden and Austria had received frozen strawberries from Egypt via a wholesaler that also delivered frozen strawberries to manufacturer of brand A. Phylogenetic analyses linked the outbreak strain to similar strains formerly isolated from sewage, stool and strawberries in Egypt. Complete trace back and timely recall of products with strong evidence of contamination is important to control an outbreak and prevent later resurgence, particularly for food items with a long shelf life. Continued molecular surveillance of hepatitis A is needed to identify outbreaks and monitor the success of food safety interventions.


Asunto(s)
Brotes de Enfermedades , Contaminación de Alimentos , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/virología , Fragaria/virología , Virus de la Hepatitis A/aislamiento & purificación , Hepatitis A/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Niño , Preescolar , Egipto , Heces , Femenino , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/epidemiología , Frutas/virología , Genotipo , Alemania/epidemiología , Hepatitis A/diagnóstico , Hepatitis A/virología , Virus de la Hepatitis A/genética , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Filogenia , ARN Viral/genética , Adulto Joven
20.
Food Environ Virol ; 12(4): 295-309, 2020 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32885354

RESUMEN

The leading causes of foodborne viral disease outbreaks are human norovirus and hepatitis A virus (HAV). Their environmental persistence enables contamination of kitchen surfaces and crops often consumed raw, such as berries. Many decontamination procedures are inefficient and unsuitable for surfaces of industrial kitchen environments and soft fruits. In this study, we investigated the efficiency of a novel surface decontamination technology, combining steam and ultrasound (steam-ultrasound). Plastic, steel or raspberry surfaces were spiked with the norovirus surrogate, murine norovirus (MNV), and HAV, and steam-ultrasound treated at 85, 90 and 95 °C for 0-5 s. Post treatment viruses were titrated for survival by plaque assay and for genome stability by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) of nucleic acid extracts. Survival of viruses were estimated in a log-linear model and the treatment time requirements for each decimal reduction (D value) in viral survival were calculated. The estimated D values of MNV or HAV were 0.4-0.2 or 1.1-0.8 s on plastic, 0.9-0.7 or 1.4-0.8 s on steel and 1.6-1.7 or 3.2-4.7 s on raspberries. No clear trend of genome reduction was observed with tested treatment parameters. Raspberries treated up to 4 s retained its natural texture and visual appeal similar to untreated controls whilst monitored for 7 days. In conclusion, steam-ultrasound treatment can within seconds reduce the titre of foodborne viruses on surfaces of plastic, steel and raspberries. This may particularly benefit industrial scale production of soft fruits for raw consumption and for swift non-hazardous decontamination of industrial kitchen surfaces.


Asunto(s)
Descontaminación/métodos , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/virología , Virus de la Hepatitis A/efectos de la radiación , Norovirus/efectos de la radiación , Plásticos/análisis , Rubus/virología , Acero/análisis , Ultrasonido/métodos , Animales , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Contaminación de Alimentos/prevención & control , Manipulación de Alimentos/instrumentación , Frutas/virología , Virus de la Hepatitis A/genética , Virus de la Hepatitis A/fisiología , Humanos , Ratones , Norovirus/genética , Norovirus/fisiología , Vapor/análisis , Inactivación de Virus/efectos de la radiación
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