RESUMEN
In this research, sorghum procyanidins (PCs) and procyanidin B1 (PB1) were encapsulated in gelatin (Gel) to form nanoparticles as a strategy to maintain their stability and bioactivity and for possible applications as inhibitors of metalloproteinases (MMPs) of the gelatinase type. Encapsulation was carried out by adding either PCs or PB1 to an aqueous solution of A- or B-type Gel (GelA or GelB) at different concentrations and pH. Under this procedure, the nanoparticles PCs-GelA, PCs-GelB, PB1-GelA, and PB1-GelB were synthesized and subsequently characterized by experimental and computational methods. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that all types of nanoparticles had sizes in the range of 22-138 nm and tended to adopt an approximately spherical morphology with a smooth surface, and they were immersed in a Gel matrix. Spectral analysis indicated that the nanoparticles were synthesized by establishing hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions betweenGel and the PCs or PB1. Study of simulated gastrointestinal digestion suggested that PCs were not released from the Gel nanoparticles, and they maintained their morphology (SEM analysis) and antioxidant activity determined by Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay. Computational characterization carried out through molecular docking studies of PB1 with Gel or (pro-)metalloproteinase-2 [(pro-)MMP-2], as a model representative of the PCs, showed very favorable binding energies (around -5.0 kcal/mol) provided by hydrogen bonds, van der Waals interactions, and desolvation. Additionally, it was found that PB1 could act as a selective inhibitor of (pro-)MMP-2.
Asunto(s)
Biflavonoides/química , Catequina/química , Gelatina/química , Nanopartículas/química , Proantocianidinas/química , Sorghum/química , Biflavonoides/síntesis química , Catequina/síntesis química , Gelatina/síntesis química , Modelos Moleculares , Estructura Molecular , Tamaño de la Partícula , Proantocianidinas/síntesis químicaRESUMEN
Over the past decade, consumers have demanded natural, completely biodegradable active packaging serving as food containers. Bioactive plant compounds can be added to biopolymer-based films to improve their functionality, as they not only act as barriers against oxidation, microbiological, and physical damage, they also offer functionality to the food they contain. A water-in-oil (W/O) nanoemulsion was produced by applying ultrasound to xoconostle extract and orange oil, and was incorporated into gelatine films in different proportions 1:0 (control), 1:0.10, 1:0.25, 1:0.50, 1:0.75, and 1:1 (gelatine:nanoemulsion). The nanoemulsions had an average size of 118.80 ± 5.50 nm with a Z-potential of -69.9 ± 9.93 mV. The presence of bioactive compounds such as phenols, flavonoids, and betalains in the films was evaluated. The 1:1 treatment showed the highest presence of bioactive compounds, 41.31 ± 3.71 mg of gallic acid equivalent per 100 g (GAE)/100g for phenols, 28.03 ± 3.25 mg of quercetin equivalent per 100 g (EQ)/100g flavonoids and 0.014 mg/g betalains. Radical inhibition reached 72.13% for 2,20-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), and 82.23% for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The color of the films was influenced by the incorporation of nanoemulsions, showing that it was significantly different (p < 0.05) to the control. Mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, Young's modulus, and percentage elongation, were affected by the incorporation of nanoemulsified bioactive compounds into gelatine films. The obtained films presented changes in strength and flexibility. These characteristics could be favorable as packaging material.
Asunto(s)
Plásticos Biodegradables/química , Embalaje de Alimentos , Gelatina/química , Nanoestructuras/química , Opuntia/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Aceites de Plantas/química , Antioxidantes/análisis , Antioxidantes/química , Betalaínas/análisis , Betalaínas/química , Color , Emulsiones/síntesis química , Emulsiones/química , Flavonoides/análisis , Flavonoides/química , Gelatina/síntesis química , Fenoles/análisis , Fenoles/químicaRESUMEN
It is indispensable that members of the medical profession receive the technical training needed to enable them to rapidly obtain effective vascular access. Training procedures should be used judiciously to familiarize students with the technique. However, existing models are expensive or ineffective, and models need to be developed that are similar to what will be encountered in real patients.OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate creation and application of a gelatin model for training ultrasound-guided puncture.METHOS: The model was made using a mixture of colorless gelatin and water in a transparent plastic receptacle with two pairs of orifices of different diameters, through which two plastic tubes were inserted, to simulate blood vessels.RESULTS: The model was a close approximation to the real medical procedure in several aspects, since gelatin has a similar consistency to human tissues, providing a more faithful reproduction of the tactile sensation at the moment when the needle reaches the interior of a vessel and its contents are aspirated.CONCLUSIONS: The method proposed here can be used to easily construct a low-cost model using everyday materials that is suitable for large-scale training of ultrasound-guided puncture.
É imprescindível a capacitação técnica da classe médica para a obtenção de um acesso vascular rápido e eficiente, sendo que os procedimentos de treinamento devem ser usados sabiamente como forma de familiarizar o aluno à técnica. Os modelos comerciais existentes são de alto custo ou não são eficientes, devendo ser criados novos modelos semelhantes ao que será visto num paciente.OBJETIVOS: Demonstrar a criação e a utilização de um modelo de gelatina para o treinamento da punção ecoguiada por ultrassom.MÉTODOS: Modelo criado através da mistura de água com gelatina incolor num recipiente plástico transparente com dois orifícios de diferentes diâmetros, nos quais foram colocados dois canos plásticos simulando os vasos sanguíneos.RESULTADOS: O modelo proposto se aproxima da realidade do procedimento médico em vários aspectos, pois a consistência da gelatina é próxima aos tecidos humanos, promovendo a preservação da sensação tátil ao atingir o interior do vaso e durante a aspiração do conteúdo.CONCLUSÕES: O método proposto permite criar um modelo de baixo custo e fácil confecção utilizando-se materiais de uso cotidiano para treino de punção ecoguiada em larga escala.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Capacitación en Servicio/historia , Ultrasonografía Intervencional/economía , Ultrasonografía Intervencional/instrumentación , Gelatina/síntesis químicaRESUMEN
The present study was conducted in order to analyze the viability of the spouted bed process for application of a gastric-resistant coating to soft gelatin capsules. The variables investigated were: included angle of conical base, (gamma), the relation between the feed mass flow rate of the coating suspension and the feed mass flow rate of spouting gas (W(s)/W(g)); the ratio between the flow rate of the spouting gas and the flow rate at minimum spouting condition (Q/Q(ms)); the mass of capsules in the bed (M(0)), and the capsule's size. The product quality was measured by disintegration tests, traction x deformation tests, image analysis and by the evaluation of the coating mass distribution and shape factor variation during the coating operation. The experiments were performed in a spouted bed with a column diameter of 200 mm and included a conical base angle of 40 degrees. The best coating efficiency values were obtained for M(0)=300 g. Coating efficiency tended to increase with increasing W(s)/W(g) ratio. Disintegration tests showed that the gastric-resistant effect was obtained with a coating mass of 3.86 mg/cm(2). The shape factor increase during the coating operation. The capsule's coating mass distribution tended to maintain the original distribution.
Asunto(s)
Cápsulas/normas , Gelatina/normas , Comprimidos Recubiertos/normas , Tecnología Farmacéutica/normas , Cápsulas/síntesis química , Gelatina/síntesis química , Comprimidos Recubiertos/síntesis química , Tecnología Farmacéutica/instrumentación , Tecnología Farmacéutica/métodosRESUMEN
IPN hydrogels based on poly(1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone) and gelatin were obtained by casting of aqueous solution using potassium persulphate and glutaraldehyde as respective crosslinking agents. Studies of swelling and mechanical behaviour showed that the samples of different composition can incorporate high content of water and still exhibit high compression strength. The composition has influence at the global crosslinking density what affects the mechanical performance. In vitro biocompatibility and hemocompatibility were also investigated. The materials do not interfere on the cellular functions and neither induce platelet adhesion. From this preliminary evaluation, it is possible to conclude that these hydrogels have potential for applications in the biomedical field.