RESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND AIMS OF THE STUDY: Due to its importance for treatment and potential prevention in family members, germline testing for BRCA1/2 in patients with newly diagnosed ovarian cancer is decisive and considered a standard of care. Maintenance therapy with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors substantially improves progression-free survival in patients with BRCA mutations and homologous recombination-deficient tumours by inducing synthetic lethality. In Switzerland, they are licensed only for these patients. Therefore, it is crucial to test patients early while they are receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. This study aimed to determine whether genetic counselling followed by homologous recombination deficiency testing is feasible for initialising maintenance therapy within eight weeks and cost-effective in daily practice in Switzerland compared to somatic tumour analysis of all patients at diagnosis. METHODS: This single-centre retrospective study included 44 patients with newly diagnosed high-grade serous ovarian cancer of a Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage of IIIA-IVB diagnosed between 12/2020 and 12/2022. It collected the outcomes of genetic counselling, germline testing, and somatic Geneva test for homologous recombination deficiency. Delays in initiating maintenance therapy, total testing costs per patient, and progression-free survival were examined to assess feasibility and cost-effectiveness in clinical practice. RESULTS: Thirty-seven of 44 patients (84%) with newly diagnosed ovarian cancer received counselling, of which 34 (77%) were tested for germline BRCA and other homologous recombination repair gene mutations. Five (15%) BRCA and three (9%) other homologous recombination deficiency mutations were identified. Eleven of the remaining 26 patients (42%) had tumours with somatic homologous recombination deficiency. The mean time to the initiation of maintenance therapy of 5.2 weeks was not longer than in studies for market authorisation (SOLO1, PAOLA, and PRIMA). The mean testing costs per patient were 3880 Swiss Franks (CHF), compared to 5624 CHF if all patients were tested at diagnosis with the myChoice CDx test (p <0.0001). CONCLUSION: Using genetic counselling to consent patients with newly diagnosed ovarian cancer for germline testing fulfils the international gold standard. Subsequent somatic homologous recombination deficiency analysis complements testing and identifies more patients who will benefit from PARP inhibitor maintenance therapy. Contrary to previous health cost model studies, the procedure does not increase testing costs in the Swiss population and does not delay maintenance therapy. Therefore, all patients should be offered a primary germline analysis. The challenge for the future will be to ensure sufficient resources for prompt genetic counselling and germline testing.
Asunto(s)
Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Estudios de Factibilidad , Asesoramiento Genético , Neoplasias Ováricas , Inhibidores de Poli(ADP-Ribosa) Polimerasas , Humanos , Femenino , Neoplasias Ováricas/genética , Neoplasias Ováricas/economía , Estudios Retrospectivos , Asesoramiento Genético/economía , Persona de Mediana Edad , Suiza , Inhibidores de Poli(ADP-Ribosa) Polimerasas/uso terapéutico , Inhibidores de Poli(ADP-Ribosa) Polimerasas/economía , Mutación de Línea Germinal , Anciano , Pruebas Genéticas/economía , Pruebas Genéticas/métodos , Adulto , Supervivencia sin ProgresiónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The rapid increase in demand for cancer genetic testing in Australia led to the establishment of private Familial Cancer Clinics (FCCs) as alternatives to public sector FCCs. Australian studies conducted in the public sector have shown high patient satisfaction with genetic counselling. No study has investigated patient satisfaction with genetic counselling in the private sector in Australia. Our aim was to assess patient satisfaction with genetic counselling for familial cancer within the private healthcare sector of Western Australia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Questionnaires were given to all eligible patients after their first genetic counselling appointment, consisting of the 12-item Satisfaction with Genetic Counselling Scale and an added question regarding the perceived value for the financial cost. Outcomes assessed included instrumental satisfaction, affective satisfaction, procedural satisfaction and perceived value for financial cost. Participants scored the representative questions from one to four (unsatisfied - highly satisfied). RESULTS: Two hundred and twenty patients were given the questionnaire, 75 questionnaires were returned (response rate 34%), and 73 were appropriately completed and analysed. Overall, seventy (96%) participants were highly satisfied with the genetic counsellor's explanation; seventy-four (98%) were highly satisfied/satisfied with the reassurance provided. Sixty-eight participants (93%) were highly satisfied/satisfied with the help received. Seventy-two (99%) participants had their expectations met and sixty-nine (95%) participants were highly satisfied with the service. Sixty-eight (93%) participants were highly satisfied/satisfied with the cost of private genetic counselling. Sixty-one (83.6%) proceeded to genetic testing. CONCLUSIONS: Private genetic counselling was considered highly satisfactory, and the cost considered acceptable by most participants.
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Asesoramiento Genético/psicología , Neoplasias/genética , Satisfacción del Paciente , Sector Privado , Adulto , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Escolaridad , Femenino , Asesoramiento Genético/economía , Pruebas Genéticas , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Síndromes Neoplásicos Hereditarios/diagnóstico , Síndromes Neoplásicos Hereditarios/genética , Sector Privado/economía , Derivación y Consulta , Encuestas y Cuestionarios/estadística & datos numéricos , Australia Occidental , Población BlancaRESUMEN
Exome sequencing (ES) is an important diagnostic tool for individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) and/or multiple congenital anomalies (MCA). However, the cost of ES limits the test's accessibility for many patients. We evaluated the yield of publicly funded clinical ES, performed at a tertiary center in Israel, over a 3-year period (2018-2020). Probands presented with (1) moderate-to-profound global developmental delay (GDD)/intellectual disability (ID); or (2) mild GDD/ID with epilepsy or congenital anomaly; and/or (3) MCA. Subjects with normal chromosomal microarray analysis who met inclusion criteria were included, totaling 280 consecutive cases. Trio ES (proband and parents) was the default option. In 252 cases (90.0%), indication of NDD was noted. Most probands were males (62.9%), and their mean age at ES submission was 9.3 years (range 1 month to 51 years). Molecular diagnosis was reached in 109 probands (38.9%), mainly due to de novo variants (91/109, 83.5%). Disease-causing variants were identified in 92 genes, 15 of which were implicated in more than a single case. Male sex, families with multiple-affected members and premature birth were significantly associated with lower ES yield (p < 0.05). Other factors, including MCA and coexistence of epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder, microcephaly or abnormal brain magnetic resonance imaging findings, were not associated with the yield. To conclude, our findings support the utility of clinical ES in a real-world setting, as part of a publicly funded genetic workup for individuals with GDD/ID and/or MCA.
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Anomalías Múltiples/diagnóstico , Secuenciación del Exoma/economía , Financiación Gubernamental , Pruebas Genéticas/economía , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/diagnóstico , Anomalías Múltiples/economía , Anomalías Múltiples/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Preescolar , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Estudios de Factibilidad , Femenino , Asesoramiento Genético/economía , Asesoramiento Genético/métodos , Asesoramiento Genético/estadística & datos numéricos , Pruebas Genéticas/métodos , Pruebas Genéticas/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Israel , Masculino , Edad Materna , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/economía , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/genética , Edad Paterna , Embarazo , Diagnóstico Prenatal/economía , Diagnóstico Prenatal/métodos , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud , Estudios Retrospectivos , Centros de Atención Terciaria/economía , Centros de Atención Terciaria/estadística & datos numéricos , Secuenciación del Exoma/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The Genetic Counselor SARS-CoV-2 Impact Survey (GCSIS) describes the impact of the pandemic on genetic counselors and genetic counseling services. With this information, the National Society of Genetic Counselors (NSGC) can better: (1) support advocacy and access efforts for genetic counseling services at both federal- and state-level; (2) promote effective billing and reimbursement for genetic counseling services provided via telemedicine; and (3) make decisions about how to best support genetic counselors. The survey was hosted on a novel data collection and analysis platform from LunaDNA and was open to all genetic counselors (n = 5,531 based on professional society membership). Survey response rate was approximately 3.8% (n = 212/5,531), with a demographic distribution broadly representative of the North American genetic counseling field. Genetic counselors remained largely employed, providing genetic counseling services throughout the pandemic, although almost one in five respondents (17%, n = 35/211) reported experiencing some degree of pandemic-related financial hardship. Nearly all respondents (90%, n = 104/115) transitioned, at least in part, to remote work settings, with about half (47%. n = 88/189) reporting restrictions in the care they were able to provide. These shifts came at a cost: existing gaps in Medicare status for genetic counselors and attendant reimbursement concerns led to uncertainty about whether genetic counselors' work will be reimbursed. Outside of work, caregiving responsibilities increased for 34% (n = 74/212) of respondents. The results of the GCSIS amplify the importance of federal- and state-level advocacy efforts for genetic counselors and their employers. They also highlight the impact of broader cultural intransigence on our majority-female profession. During the pandemic, genetic counselors continued to provide care, but without consistent financial support or expectation of reimbursement. The ability to attract and retain talented professionals to the genetic counseling field will hinge on the success of continued advocacy efforts.
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COVID-19 , Consejeros , Asesoramiento Genético , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , COVID-19/epidemiología , Femenino , Asesoramiento Genético/economía , Humanos , Masculino , Medicare , Pandemias , Estados UnidosAsunto(s)
Asesoramiento Genético/legislación & jurisprudencia , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud/legislación & jurisprudencia , Medicare/legislación & jurisprudencia , Asesoramiento Genético/economía , Pruebas Genéticas/economía , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud/economía , Humanos , Medicare/economía , Mecanismo de Reembolso/economía , Mecanismo de Reembolso/legislación & jurisprudencia , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
Genomic testing is becoming routine for diagnosing rare childhood genetic disease. Evidence underlying sustainable implementation is limited, focusing on short-term endpoints such as diagnostic yield, unable to fully characterize patient and family valued outcomes. Although genomic testing is becoming widely available, evidentiary and outcomes uncertainty persist as key challenges for implementation. We examine whether the current evidence base reflects public tolerance for uncertainty for genomics to diagnose rare childhood genetic disease. We conducted focus groups with general population parents in Vancouver, Canada, and Oxford, United Kingdom, to discuss expectations and concerns related to genomic testing to diagnose rare childhood genetic disease. Applying a purposive sampling technique, recruitment continued until thematic saturation was reached. Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. Thirty-three parents participated across four focus groups. Participants valued causal diagnoses alongside management strategies to improve patient health and wellbeing. Further, participants valued expanding the evidence base to reduce evidentiary uncertainty while ensuring security of information. Willingness to pay out of pocket for testing reflected perceived familial health benefit. Diagnostic yield fails to fully capture valued outcomes, and efforts to resolve uncertainty better reflect public priorities. Evaluations of genomic testing that fully integrate valued endpoints are necessary to ensure consistency with best practices and public willingness to accept the uncertain familial benefit.
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Actitud , Enfermedades Genéticas Congénitas/diagnóstico , Gastos en Salud , Padres/psicología , Adulto , Canadá , Femenino , Asesoramiento Genético/economía , Asesoramiento Genético/psicología , Enfermedades Genéticas Congénitas/genética , Enfermedades Genéticas Congénitas/psicología , Pruebas Genéticas/economía , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Reino UnidoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: When undergoing expanded carrier screening (ECS), couples are often screened sequentially to reduce need for a second individual's test. It is unknown how often partners of individuals found to be carriers complete the recommended testing with a sequential approach and what factors contribute to decision-making regarding partner testing. Additionally, the economic burden placed on individuals by ECS testing and its effect on partner testing has not been evaluated. METHODS: In part 1, all individuals at a university-affiliated reproductive endocrinology and infertility practice identified to be carriers of a recessively inherited mutation using the Counsyl/Foresight ECS were included. Conditions were categorized by severity according to a previously described classification system. In part 2, all individuals who underwent ECS with a single test provider between September 1, 2013 and February 1, 2020 were contacted via email to complete a confidential and anonymized online survey. RESULTS: In part 1, a total of 2061 patients were screened. 36.9% were carriers of one or more recessively inherited disorders. Twenty-seven percent of positively screened individuals did not have their partner screened. Carriers of a moderate condition had a trend towards a reduced odds for having their partner screened compared to a profound condition (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.12-1.05, p = 0.06). Number of conditions was not predictive of subsequent partner screening (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.72-1.25, p = 0.72). In part 2, the cost of ECS was not covered by insurance for 54.5% (103/189) and most paid over $300 out-of-pocket for testing (47.6%). The most common reason for not completing partner testing was that the results would not alter their course when seeking conception (33.3%). 73.5% of patients knew that the largest benefit of ECS comes from knowing a partner's results as well as their own. CONCLUSIONS: Not all carriers of recessively inherited disorders choose to undergo partner screening. Patients found to be carrier of more debilitating genetic disorders may be more likely to screen their reproductive partners. For many, ECS testing is not covered by insurance, and this test may impose a significant economic burden. For some patients, the results of ECS would not change what they would do when seeking conception. Providers should evaluate whether a patient's ECS result would change their treatment course prior to testing.
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Tamización de Portadores Genéticos , Enfermedades Genéticas Congénitas/genética , Infertilidad/genética , Técnicas Reproductivas/tendencias , Toma de Decisiones Clínicas , Costo de Enfermedad , Composición Familiar , Femenino , Asesoramiento Genético/economía , Asesoramiento Genético/tendencias , Enfermedades Genéticas Congénitas/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Genéticas Congénitas/economía , Enfermedades Genéticas Congénitas/epidemiología , Pruebas Genéticas/economía , Pruebas Genéticas/tendencias , Humanos , Infertilidad/epidemiología , Infertilidad/patología , Masculino , Embarazo , Diagnóstico Prenatal/métodos , Reproducción/genéticaRESUMEN
Aim: FLABRA evaluated the prevalence of BRCA mutations, genetic counseling and management approaches in patients with ovarian cancer in Latin America. Patients & methods: Patients with ovarian cancer from six Latin-American countries were enrolled. Tumor samples were tested for BRCA mutations (BRCAmut). In cases with BRCAmut, blood samples were analyzed to determine germline versus somatic mutations. Medical records were reviewed for counseling approach and treatment plan. Results: From 472 patients enrolled, 406 samples yielded conclusive results: 282 were BRCA wild-type (BRCAwt), 115 were BRCAmut and nine were variants of uncertain significance. In total, 110/115 were tested for germline mutations (77 germline and 33 somatic). Conclusion: Tumor testing to identify mutations in BRCA1/2 in ovarian cancer can help optimize treatment choices, meaning fewer patients require germline testing and genetic counseling, a scant resource in Latin America. Clinical trial registration: NCT02984423 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma Epitelial de Ovario/diagnóstico , Pruebas Genéticas/estadística & datos numéricos , Neoplasias Ováricas/diagnóstico , Adulto , Anciano , Proteína BRCA1/genética , Proteína BRCA2/genética , Carcinoma Epitelial de Ovario/epidemiología , Carcinoma Epitelial de Ovario/genética , Carcinoma Epitelial de Ovario/terapia , Estudios Transversales , Análisis Mutacional de ADN/economía , Análisis Mutacional de ADN/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Asesoramiento Genético/economía , Asesoramiento Genético/estadística & datos numéricos , Pruebas Genéticas/economía , Humanos , América Latina/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Ováricas/epidemiología , Neoplasias Ováricas/genética , Neoplasias Ováricas/terapia , Medicina de Precisión/métodos , Prevalencia , Estudios Prospectivos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Approximately 1 in 2 Japanese people are estimated to be diagnosed with cancer during their lifetime. Cancer still remains the leading cause of death in Japan, therefore the government of Japan has decided to develop a better cancer control policy and launched the Cancer Genomic Medicine (CGM) program. The Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare (MHLW) held a consortium at their headquarters with leading academic authorities and the representatives of related organizations to discuss ways to advance CGM in Japan. Based on the report of the consortium, the CGM system under the national health insurance system has gradually been realized. Eleven hospitals were designated in February 2018 as core hospitals for CGM; subsequently, the MHLW built the Center for Cancer Genomics and Advanced Therapeutics (C-CAT) as an institution to aggregate and manage genomic and clinical information on cancer patients, and support appropriate secondary use of the aggregated information to develop research aimed at medical innovation. As the first step in Japan's CGM in routine practice, in June 2019 the MHLW started reimbursement of 2 types of tumor profiling tests for advanced solid cancer patients using the national insurance system. Japan's CGM has swiftly been spreading nationwide with the collaboration of 167 hospitals and patients. The health and research authorities are expected to embody personalized cancer medicine and promote CGM utilizing state-of-the-art technologies.
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Genómica/organización & administración , Implementación de Plan de Salud , Oncología Médica/organización & administración , Programas Nacionales de Salud/organización & administración , Neoplasias/terapia , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto/organización & administración , Asesoramiento Genético/economía , Asesoramiento Genético/organización & administración , Pruebas Genéticas/economía , Genómica/economía , Genómica/métodos , Humanos , Japón , Oncología Médica/economía , Oncología Médica/métodos , Programas Nacionales de Salud/economía , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Neoplasias/economía , Neoplasias/genética , Medicina de Precisión/economía , Medicina de Precisión/métodos , Mecanismo de Reembolso , Terapias en Investigación/economíaAsunto(s)
Infecciones por Coronavirus , Asesoramiento Genético/legislación & jurisprudencia , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud/legislación & jurisprudencia , Pandemias , Neumonía Viral , Telemedicina , COVID-19 , Asesoramiento Genético/economía , Asesoramiento Genético/tendencias , Humanos , Medicare , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
A gendered pay gap in the genetic counseling profession has been identified in recent years, though reasons for its existence have not been explored in depth. The primary aim of this study was to determine what demographic characteristics and career experiences influence annual salary rates and which of those factors differ between male and female genetic counselors. The secondary aim of this study was to determine whether genetic counselors perceive a pay gap and to identify attitudes toward their salaries. Surveys were sent to the nearly 4,000 genetic counselors who are members of the National Society of Genetic Counselors (NSGC), and we report results from 355 respondents. A significant interaction was found between gender and position (direct vs. non-direct patient care). In the best-fitting multiple regression model, male genetic counselors earned $23,736 more than females in non-direct patient care roles (p < .001) and $1,552 more than females in direct patient care roles (p < .001). Years of experience, leadership experience score, negotiation attempts, licensure, and certification were all found to be predictors of annual salary. Most female genetic counselors perceived there to be a pay gap and most male genetic counselors did not (p = .01). Results from this study could contribute to changes in employment and compensation practices, as well as impact genetic counselors' strategies in role- and salary-based conversations.
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Asesoramiento Genético/economía , Renta , Certificación , Comunicación , Consejeros/psicología , Femenino , Asesoramiento Genético/métodos , Humanos , Liderazgo , Masculino , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Beyond a narrow focus on cost and outcomes, robust evidence of what is valued in genomic medicine is scarce. We gathered views on value from key stakeholders (clinical genomic staff, operational genomic staff and community representatives) in relation to three testing contexts (General Healthcare, Acute Care and Neurodevelopmental Conditions). We conducted an iterative focus group in three stages over a week using a multiphase mixed methods study, i.e. quantitative ratings and qualitative discussion. For each testing context, the characteristics of genomic testing were generated and ranked by the group using a co-productive approach. Up to 17 characteristics were identified in one scenario with several characteristics featuring in all three testing contexts. The likelihood of getting an answer was consistently reported as most highly valued, followed by the potential for the test to impact on clinical management (or wellbeing/health for Neurodevelopmental Conditions). Risk of discrimination did not feature highly across the different settings (and not at all in Acute Care). While cost was an issue in the general health setting, it was one of the least-valued characteristics in the other two testing contexts. In conclusion, co-producing an understanding of what is valued in different testing contexts, and identifying the areas of differences or commonalities, is important to maximise value provision and inform future policy to ensure that clinical genomic services meet the needs of the community and service providers.
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Asesoramiento Genético/psicología , Pruebas Genéticas , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Participación de los Interesados , Asesoramiento Genético/economía , Personal de Salud/psicología , Humanos , Pacientes/psicología , Opinión PúblicaAsunto(s)
Cardiomiopatías/genética , Adulto , Miosinas Cardíacas/genética , Cardiomiopatías/economía , Costos de Salud para el Patrón , Femenino , Asesoramiento Genético/economía , Asesoramiento Genético/ética , Genómica , Humanos , Cadenas Pesadas de Miosina/genética , Neoplasias/economía , Neoplasias/genética , Medicina de Precisión/economía , Medicina de Precisión/ética , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Systemic healthcare issues and geographical challenges restrict women's access to BRCA1/2 testing to inform the use of tailored treatments for high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Consequently, BRCA1/2 testing in this population is low and improved testing pathways are urgently needed. This study aimed to determine the acceptability and feasibility of telephone genetic counselling (TGC) to facilitate treatment-focused BRCA1/2 testing in Australia for women with high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Women who received TGC were invited to complete a survey examining their experiences of the service. A cost analysis was conducted to compare the service to standard, in-person genetic counselling. One hundred and seven women responded (48% response rate); 8 had a BRCA1/2 variant affecting function. Geographical barriers prevented women from accessing genetic services in the past. All participants had a positive attitude towards testing, and regret following testing was minimal. While the impact of testing was greater for those with a positive test result, overall, genetic testing did not put the additional psychosocial burden on the participants. Participant's evaluations of the telephone interactions with the genetic counsellors were highly satisfactory. The service was also found to be cost-effective. This model of telephone genetic counselling was an acceptable and effective way to reduce barriers to BRCA1/2 testing for women with ovarian cancer.
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Proteína BRCA1/genética , Proteína BRCA2/genética , Cistadenocarcinoma Seroso/genética , Asesoramiento Genético/métodos , Pruebas Genéticas/métodos , Neoplasias Ováricas/genética , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Cistadenocarcinoma Seroso/diagnóstico , Femenino , Asesoramiento Genético/economía , Asesoramiento Genético/psicología , Mutación de Línea Germinal , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Ováricas/diagnóstico , Aceptación de la Atención de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , TeléfonoRESUMEN
The prenatal genetic counseling process may be influenced by the patient's insurance coverage for both prenatal testing and termination. Major commercial insurance providers have different policies. TRICARE is the United States Department of Defense health program for uniformed service members. TRICARE provides coverage to approximately 9.4 million beneficiaries, including health plans, special programs, prescriptions, and dental plans. TRICARE's covered medical expenses are outlined in their policies, including those pertaining to genetic testing and termination. This qualitative study aimed to explore the extent to which insurance coverage of prenatal genetic testing and termination of pregnancy affect the genetic counseling process by exploring genetic counselors' experience with TRICARE. The majority of counselors stated that they did not change their overall counseling process for TRICARE patients. However, several counselors expressed that they changed the way they discussed cost with TRICARE patients, specifically in regard to genetic testing. Additionally, counselors provided their perceptions of their patients' emotional experiences. With the recent consolidation of the three TRICARE regions into two TRICARE Regional Office (TRO) regions and the renewal of the Laboratory Developed Tests Demonstration Project, the findings of this study are valuable in the evaluation of TRICARE's coverage of prenatal genetic services.
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Consejeros , Asesoramiento Genético/provisión & distribución , Cobertura del Seguro , Salud Militar/economía , Diagnóstico Prenatal , Práctica Profesional , Aborto Eugénico/economía , Aborto Eugénico/estadística & datos numéricos , Consejeros/psicología , Consejeros/estadística & datos numéricos , Consejeros/provisión & distribución , Femenino , Frustación , Asesoramiento Genético/economía , Asesoramiento Genético/estadística & datos numéricos , Pruebas Genéticas/economía , Pruebas Genéticas/estadística & datos numéricos , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud/economía , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Cobertura del Seguro/economía , Cobertura del Seguro/estadística & datos numéricos , Entrevistas como Asunto , Salud Militar/estadística & datos numéricos , Personal Militar/estadística & datos numéricos , Embarazo , Diagnóstico Prenatal/economía , Diagnóstico Prenatal/estadística & datos numéricos , Práctica Profesional/normas , Práctica Profesional/estadística & datos numéricos , Derivación y Consulta/economía , Derivación y Consulta/estadística & datos numéricos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , United States Department of Defense/economíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Carrier screening identifies couples at high risk for conceiving offspring affected with serious heritable conditions. Minimal guidelines recommend offering testing for cystic fibrosis and spinal muscular atrophy, but expanded carrier screening (ECS) assesses hundreds of conditions simultaneously. Although medical societies consider ECS an acceptable practice, the health economics of ECS remain incompletely characterized. METHODS: Preconception screening was modeled using a decision tree comparing minimal screening and a 176-condition ECS panel. Carrier rates from >60,000 patients, primarily with private insurance, informed disease incidence estimates, while cost and life-years-lost data were aggregated from the literature and a cost-of-care database. Model robustness was evaluated using one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. RESULTS: For every 100,000 pregnancies, 290 are predicted to be affected by ECS-panel conditions, which, on average, increase mortality by 26 undiscounted life-years and individually incur $1,100,000 in lifetime costs. Relative to minimal screening, preconception ECS reduces the affected birth rate and is estimated to be cost-effective (i.e.,<$50,000 incremental cost per life-year), findings robust to perturbation. CONCLUSION: Based on screened patients predominantly with private coverage, preconception ECS is predicted to reduce the burden of Mendelian disease in a cost-effective manner compared with minimal screening. The data and framework herein may facilitate similar assessments in other cohorts.
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Tamización de Portadores Genéticos/métodos , Enfermedades Genéticas Congénitas/genética , Modelos Teóricos , Diagnóstico Prenatal , Toma de Decisiones Clínicas/métodos , Análisis Costo-Beneficio/economía , Femenino , Tamización de Portadores Genéticos/economía , Asesoramiento Genético/economía , Enfermedades Genéticas Congénitas/clasificación , Enfermedades Genéticas Congénitas/economía , Humanos , EmbarazoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The universal genetic testing initiative (UGTI) is a quality improvement effort to increase rates of guideline-based genetic counseling (GC) and genetic testing (GT) of patients with potentially hereditary cancers. The UGTI was disseminated to a county hospital gynecologic oncology clinic that serves a diverse, indigent patient population. METHODS: Using the Model for Improvement quality improvement framework, interventions including integrated GC, clinic tracking, assisted GC referrals, and provider education were tested over 26â¯months. A retrospective data review included patients with high-grade, non-mucinous epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancers (HGOC) and endometrial cancers (EC) diagnosed between 9/1/12-8/31/16. Statistical analyses were performed to describe the population and to evaluate rates of recommendation and use of immunohistochemistry tumor testing (IHC), GC, and GT. RESULTS: A cohort of 241 patients (57 HGOC, 184 EC) were included. At the conclusion of the study 84.2% of HGOC patients were referred for GC, 89.6% (43/48) completed GC, and 90.7% (39/43) completed GT. Of EC patients, 81.0% were recommended to have IHC and 62.4% (93/149) completed IHC. Patients with HGOC diagnosed during dissemination of UGTI were significantly more likely to receive a recommendation for GC (pâ¯=â¯0.02) and to complete GT (pâ¯=â¯0.03) than those diagnosed before UGTI. Patients with EC were significantly more likely to complete IHC if diagnosed after UGTI than those diagnosed prior to dissemination (pâ¯<â¯0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The UGTI can be adapted to increase use of guideline-based cancer genetics services in a diverse, indigent, gynecologic cancer patient population.
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Pruebas Genéticas/métodos , Neoplasias de los Genitales Femeninos/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Carcinoma Epitelial de Ovario/genética , Estudios de Cohortes , Neoplasias de las Trompas Uterinas/genética , Femenino , Asesoramiento Genético/economía , Asesoramiento Genético/métodos , Pruebas Genéticas/economía , Neoplasias de los Genitales Femeninos/economía , Hospitales de Condado/economía , Hospitales de Condado/organización & administración , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Peritoneales/genética , Pobreza , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Objective: To update the congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency clinical practice guideline published by the Endocrine Society in 2010. Conclusions: The writing committee presents updated best practice guidelines for the clinical management of congenital adrenal hyperplasia based on published evidence and expert opinion with added considerations for patient safety, quality of life, cost, and utilization.