RESUMEN
Introduction: Global ophthalmology opportunities are becoming increasingly popular, and international partnerships are becoming more common among academic training institutions in the United States. There is need for training in the complex relational, motivational, ethical, and logistical issues that may arise in these partnerships. Methods: We developed a 3-hour case-based session featuring four characters in a fictitious international ophthalmology partnership scenario. Facilitators used structured questions for each of the four parts to foster interaction and discussion among learners. After the activity, participants completed an evaluation/questionnaire consisting of Likert-scale and open-ended questions. Results: A total of 23 ophthalmology residents and seven medical students underwent the activity over four iterations. The activity was well received, with 100% of learners either strongly agreeing (90%) or agreeing (10%) when asked if the session was worthwhile and 100% of learners either strongly agreeing (87%) or agreeing (13%) when asked if the format was conducive to achieving the learning objectives. Answers to questions on how learners would change how they practice ophthalmology in their residency and in their future careers revolved around the following topics: consideration of other perspectives, humility, self- and situational awareness, complexities of partnerships, reciprocity and exchange, importance of communication, and connection of principles between international and domestic medical practice. Discussion: While this case study explores an international ophthalmology partnership scenario, the principles and themes presented can be applicable to other fields of medicine, and can be applicable to the practice of medicine both internationally and domestically.
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Salud Global , Oftalmología , Humanos , Oftalmología/educación , Salud Global/educación , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Internado y Residencia/métodos , Estudiantes de Medicina/psicología , Estudiantes de Medicina/estadística & datos numéricos , Estados Unidos , Cooperación InternacionalRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Global Health Community Service-Learning (GHCSL) can have a profound professional and personal impact on learners. This pedagogy provides understanding of unfamiliar environments and challenges learners to step out of their comfort zones, adapt to new cultures, and navigate unique situations. Yet, there are relatively few studies exploring the experiences of learners participating in community service-learning placements in global regions as part of undergraduate dental curriculum. This study aimed to explore the experiences and impact of the GHCSL program in East Africa among undergraduate dental learners at the Schulich School of Dentistry. METHODS: Eight undergraduate dental learners were enrolled in GHCSL pilot placements. Placement agreements were established with Makerere University in Kampala, Uganda, and the University of Rwanda in Kigali, Rwanda for the summer of 2022. Stakeholders from both institutions were engaged in the development and implementation of these placements. Learners were required to engage in weekly reflection through a 'storytelling and incident-based narrative' while carrying out their placement. A qualitative study design was employed, and an inductive interpretive approach was utilized to thematically analyze the learners' reflective essays. RESULTS: Five major themes emerged from the learners' reflective essays: (1) experiential clinical learning; (2) cultural humility and social awareness; (3) awareness of contrasting healthcare systems; (4) commitment to service; and (5) personal and professional growth. Most learners reflected on their engagement with diverse communities, being exposed to unique patient cases, and witnessing the adaptability exuded in resource-constrained environments. These experiences presented the learners with an opportunity to develop cultural humility and gain a newfound motivation to mitigate global oral health disparities in populations beyond that of their local communities. Learners also reflected on enhanced social awareness experiences and the awareness of contrasting healthcare systems in Canada and their placements, which encouraged the development of empathy, communication, and compassion skills, as well as an understanding of the disproportionate burden of conditions in low-resource settings. CONCLUSION: The reflective essays concluded that the GHCSL placements had a positive impact on the learners, encouraging many to develop a heightened desire for lifelong learning to address oral health disparities within a global context.
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Curriculum , Educación en Odontología , Salud Global , Humanos , Educación en Odontología/métodos , Canadá , Uganda , Salud Global/educación , Rwanda , Investigación Cualitativa , Servicios de Salud ComunitariaRESUMEN
The current climate crisis has had a significant negative impact on human health across the globe including India. Climate change is leading to global heating, rising sea levels and more severe extreme weather events such as floods, cyclones and droughts. These events have direct and indirect detrimental impacts on human health such as increased risk of water-related illnesses, vector-borne diseases, malnutrition due to food insecurity and pollution-related poor health. These effects are disproportionately borne by vulnerable communities, primarily low socioeconomic groups, women, children, and the elderly. Health professionals need to be upskilled to anticipate, diagnose and manage climate-related health issues and respond to environmental emergencies. The emerging transdisciplinary field of planetary health is based on the principle of protecting the planet to protect the health of humans. The authors argue that it is an ethical imperative to include planetary health education in the curricula of medical and other health professions in a way that would help ensure both climate resilience and social justice.
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Cambio Climático , Personal de Salud , Humanos , India , Personal de Salud/educación , Educación en Salud , Justicia Social , Curriculum , Salud Global/educación , EstudiantesRESUMEN
Following from sweeping law reforms across the global health landscape, there is a need to prepare the next generation to advance global health law to ensure justice for a healthier world. Educational programs across disciplines have increasingly incorporated the field of global health law, with new courses examining the law and policy frameworks that apply to the new set of public health threats, non-state actors, and regulatory instruments that structure global health. Such interdisciplinary training must be expanded throughout the world to prepare future practitioners to strengthen global health law - ensuring a foundation for global health in legal studies and law and global health studies. Meeting this imperative for global health law teaching - establishing academic courses and textbooks on global legal responses to shared health threats - will be necessary to support students to address the global health challenges of the future.
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Salud Global , Salud Global/educación , Salud Global/legislación & jurisprudencia , Humanos , Curriculum/tendenciasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Pediatric fellows across all subspecialties are interested in global health (GH). Little is known about how GH is incorporated into Pediatric Hospital Medicine (PHM) fellowships. Our objective was to examine the current landscape of GH education in PHM fellowships. METHODS: In 2022, we conducted a cross-sectional electronic survey of PHM fellowship directors (FDs), current fellows, and recently graduated fellows (alumni) via e-mail and listservs. Surveys asked about GH education (curriculum, electives, and research) in PHM fellowships, barriers to GH training, and fellow interest in GH. RESULTS: Response rates were 56% (34/61) among PHM FDs, 57% (102/178) among fellows, and 29% (59/206) among alumni. Most fellows (73%) and alumni (59%) were interested in GH electives. Although 53% of FDs reported offering GH electives, a minority of fellows (21%) and alumni (19%) reported being offered GH electives (P <.001). Few FDs reported offering a GH curriculum (9%), although most fellows (63%) and alumni (50%) expressed interest. Of the 16 FDs without GH electives, 81% planned to offer them. Cited barriers included a lack of GH curricula, insufficient funding, competing educational demands, and a lack of international partnerships. More FDs (82%) than fellows (64%) and alumni (45%) agreed that GH education improves overall fellow education (P = .01). Similarly, more FDs (75%) than fellows (56%) and alumni (38%) agreed that offering GH education improves recruitment (P = .002). CONCLUSIONS: There is an unmet demand for GH education in PHM fellowships, and fellows may not be aware of GH opportunities.
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Becas , Salud Global , Medicina Hospitalar , Pediatría , Humanos , Estudios Transversales , Estados Unidos , Pediatría/educación , Salud Global/educación , Medicina Hospitalar/educación , Hospitales Pediátricos , Curriculum , Educación de Postgrado en Medicina , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
ABSTRACT: Simulation plays a pivotal role in addressing universal healthcare challenges, reducing education inequities, and improving mortality, morbidity and patient experiences. It enhances healthcare processes and systems, contributing significantly to the development of a safety culture within organizations. It has proven to be cost-effective and successful in enhancing team performance, fostering workforce resilience and improving patient outcomes.Through an international collaborative effort, an iterative consultation process was conducted with 50 societies operating across 67 countries within six continents. This process revealed common healthcare challenges and simulation practices worldwide. The intended audience for this statement includes policymakers, healthcare organization leaders, health education institutions, and simulation practitioners. It aims to establish a consensus on the key priorities for the broad adoption of exemplary simulation practice that benefits patients and healthcare workforces globally. KEY RECOMMENDATIONS: Advocating for the benefits that simulation provides to patients, staff and organizations is crucial, as well as promoting its adoption and integration into daily learning and practice throughout the healthcare spectrum. Low-cost, high-impact simulation methods should be leveraged to expand global accessibility and integrate into system improvement processes as well as undergraduate and postgraduate curricula. Support at institutional and governmental level is essential, necessitating a unified and concerted approach in terms of political, strategic and financial commitment.It is imperative that simulation is used appropriately, employing evidence-based quality assurance approaches that adhere to recognized standards of best practice. These standards include faculty development, evaluation, accrediting, credentialing, and certification.We must endeavor to provide equitable and sustainable access to high-quality, contextually relevant simulation-based learning opportunities, firmly upholding the principles of equity, diversity and inclusion. This should be complemented with a renewed emphasis on research and scholarship in this field. CALL FOR ACTION: We urge policymakers and leaders to formally acknowledge and embrace the benefits of simulation in healthcare practice and education. This includes a commitment to sustained support and a mandate for the application of simulation within education, training, and clinical environments.We advocate for healthcare systems and education institutions to commit themselves to the goal of high-quality healthcare and improved patient outcomes. This commitment should encompass the promotion and resource support of simulation-based learning opportunities for individuals and interprofessional teams throughout all stages and levels of a caregiver's career, in alignment with best practice standards.We call upon simulation practitioners to champion healthcare simulation as an indispensable learning tool, adhere to best practice standards, maintain a commitment to lifelong learning, and persist in their fervent advocacy for patient safety.This statement, the result of an international collaborative effort, aims to establish a consensus on the key priorities for the broad adoption of exemplary simulation practice that benefits patients and healthcare workforces globally.
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Entrenamiento Simulado , Humanos , Entrenamiento Simulado/organización & administración , Entrenamiento Simulado/normas , Consenso , Salud Global/educaciónRESUMEN
Global mobility has made global health a priority within nursing curricula and health care organizations. A collaborative online learning activity could promote international perspectives of health care delivery. Including a collaborative online international learning activity in continuing education for practicing nurses is a viable strategy that is consistent with the internationalization at home movement. Use of a qualitative descriptive evaluation approach when teaching prelicen-sure nursing students and educating practicing nurses provides effective international collaboration, promotes a global mindset, and provides an exemplar for professional development specialists to teach practicing nurses. [J Contin Educ Nurs. 2024;55(5):220-223.].
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Curriculum , Educación a Distancia , Educación Continua en Enfermería , Humanos , Educación Continua en Enfermería/organización & administración , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Educación a Distancia/organización & administración , Persona de Mediana Edad , Intercambio Educacional Internacional , Salud Global/educación , Estudiantes de Enfermería/psicologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The connections between climate, environment, and health as well as the concept of planetary health need to be integrated into the education of health professionals, as is increasingly demanded both internationally and nationally. Planetary health education should also aim to foster transformative action for climate protection and sustainability. In recent years, innovative teaching formats and objective catalogues have emerged internationally. In Germany, these topics have not yet been integrated into medical education everywhere. Since 2021, the Faculty of Medicine in Würzburg has offered an elective course as a first step of a longitudinal curriculum currently in development. The design, content, structure, and results of the evaluation are discussed in this article and will be used for quality assurance as well as the (further) development of this kind of educational interventions elsewhere. METHODOLOGY: We developed an elective course for students in their second to tenth semester with 30 onsite and online face-to-face teaching units and an additional project phase. We used an innovative mix of didactic methods with online simulations, training in climate-sensitive health counselling, and interdisciplinary climate communication as well as local sustainability projects in small groups, with a large amount of peer-teaching. A quantitative and qualitative evaluation was done immediately after the teaching units through feedback rounds and online with the evaluation software Evasys®, using closed and open-ended questions exploring learning progress (summer semester) and achievement of learning objectives (winter semester), motivation to participate, acceptance of teaching methods, attitudes, relevance, and further interest. The evaluation questionnaire was slightly modified for the winter semester. RESULTS: In the summer and winter semester of 2021/2022, a total of 34 students (17 per semester) participated in the elective course; of these, 33 participated in the written evaluation. The evaluation in the summer semester (nâ¯=â¯17) showed a significant increase in self-assessed learning gain, the evaluation in the winter semester (nâ¯=â¯16) indicated a substantial achievement of learning objectives (meanâ¯=â¯3.96 of a 5-point Likert scale). Participants of both semesters (nâ¯=â¯33) regarded peer-teaching as a suitable method (meanâ¯=â¯4.2) and well-implemented (meanâ¯=â¯4.3). The topics were considered highly relevant but not adequately integrated into the main curriculum. There was a high level of interest in local impacts of climate and environmental changes and local measures for climate protection and sustainability. The specific projects in small groups may serve as examples of how transformative action can be promoted in education. DISCUSSION: In the current dynamic development of the widely demanded integration of planetary health education into curricula, this elective course shows a possible and well-accepted example with a combination of various innovative didactic methods aiming at the levels of knowledge, attitudes, skills, and self-efficacy (or confidence) alike. The positive evaluation by the students and the high interest in local sustainability projects show the potential for future integration into the main curriculum. CONCLUSION: The elective can serve as an inspiration to tackle the challenge of taking the steps from knowledge to action in planetary health education. While an elective cannot replace the integration of all relevant aspects of planetary health into the main curriculum, it can serve as a space for piloting of future curricular educational interventions and offer opportunities for developing transformative competencies.
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Curriculum , Alemania , Humanos , Salud Global/educación , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud , Salud Ambiental/educación , Cambio Climático , Comunicación Interdisciplinaria , Educación MédicaRESUMEN
The global experience with COVID-19 holds important lessons for preparing for, and responding to, future emergences of pathogens with pandemic potential.
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Defensa Civil , Salud Global , Pandemias , Humanos , COVID-19 , Pandemias/prevención & control , Defensa Civil/educación , Defensa Civil/tendencias , Salud Global/educación , Salud Global/tendencias , ConocimientoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: We describe the experience of a collaborative, dialogical process on nursing pedagogy to identify the best process for creating a mutually beneficial international nursing education exchange. APPROACH: Faculty from two universities in Sucre, Bolivia and in Seattle, Washington, US engaged in planned virtual dialogues to share their nursing curricula, course content, teaching methodologies, and contextual challenges and strengths. RESULTS: From the dialogues, a thematic analysis using a modified conventional content analysis approach was completed, and four themes emerged: 1) similarities in course content, pedagogy, and curricular challenges; 2) differences in teaching competencies; 3) teaching methodologies responsive to national trends; and 4) benefits from and alternatives to the use of educational technology. Early dialogues among participants allowed them to discern areas of need and interest for future planning. IMPLICATIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL AUDIENCE: Intentional academic dialogues should be the first step to enter in an exchange program to enable participants from different hemispheres to contribute equally as partners in the formation of nurses able to respond the current global health concerns.
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Curriculum , Intercambio Educacional Internacional , Humanos , Washingtón , Bolivia , Bachillerato en Enfermería/métodos , Investigación en Educación de Enfermería , Docentes de Enfermería/psicología , Educación en Enfermería/métodos , Salud Global/educación , Conducta Cooperativa , Cooperación Internacional , EnseñanzaRESUMEN
Se estima que para el 2030 habrá una carencia de aproximadamente 18 millones de profesionales de la salud en todo el mundo. En la actualidad, el número de personas que necesitan asistencia humanitaria asciende a una cifra récord de 130 millones y, además, las pandemias, tal como la de COVID-19, representan una amenaza mundial. Al menos unos 400 millones de personas en todo el mundo carecen de acceso a los servicios de salud más esenciales y, cada año, unos 100 millones de personas se ven sumidos en la pobreza por los gastos que implica costearse la atención de salud. Por ello, es necesario encontrar urgentemente estrategias innovadoras que vayan más allá de las respuestas convencionales del sector de la salud. Estas intervenciones también son pertinentes para las tres áreas del 13.° Programa General de Trabajo de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). La OMS recomienda que se utilicen las intervenciones de autocuidado en todos los países y entornos económicos como elementos críticos para lograr la cobertura sanitaria universal (CSU), promover la salud, preservar la seguridad mundial y servir a las poblaciones vulnerables.(AU)
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Humanos , Autocuidado , Organización Mundial de la Salud , Salud Global/educación , Equidad en el Acceso a los Servicios de Salud , Cobertura Universal de Salud , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud , Atención a la Salud , Poblaciones Vulnerables , Pandemias , COVID-19RESUMEN
El contexto global de la pandemia por coronavirus demandó un número creciente de enfermeras para cubrir las necesidades en el ámbito asistencial. También exigió abarcar sus otros roles, como el de educación y promoción de la salud en una población que requería ser empoderada en su autocuidado. Académicos de Enfermería con experticia, usando títeres en educación sanitaria, diseñaron un programa de obras online con el propósito de promover la salud de las familias reunidas, prevenir el COVID-19 y difundir el rol de Enfermería, apoyados por la Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción (Chile), Colegio de Enfermeras de Chile y Servicio de Salud Talcahuano (Chile). Los procedimientos básicos, consistieron en escribir y transmitir 14 obras originales, las que fueron visualizadas por público familiar de cinco continentes; en vivo y en su versión grabada, con cobertura de medios nacionales e internacionales. Durante el proceso el equipo debió sortear diversas limitaciones relacionadas con el confinamiento y el manejo de la tecnología para generar el streaming. Los principales hallazgos destacaron más de 27.000 reproducciones y 4000 comentarios. El público consultado consideró positivo el mensaje de las obras y que la universidad transmita conocimiento usando títeres. La experiencia se presentó en eventos académicos y artísticos. Se concluye que los títeres permiten educar en salud de forma entretenida y permiten captar la atención del público de todas las edades. Las redes sociales facilitaron la cobertura de las obras, para una promover la salud y el rol de Enfermería sin fronteras.
The global context of the coronavirus pandemic demanded a growing number of nurses to cover the needs in the healthcare field. It also required covering their other roles, such as education and health promotion in a population that needed to be empowered in their self-care. Nursing academics with experience using puppets in health education, designed a program of online works with the purpose of promoting the health of reunited families, preventing COVID-19 and disseminating the role of nursing, supported by the Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción (Chile), College of Nurses of Chile and Talcahuano Health Service (Chile). The basic procedures consisted of writing and transmitting 14 original works, which were viewed by family audiences from five continents; live and in its recorded version, with national and international media coverage. During the process, the team had to overcome various limitations related to confinement and the management of technology to generate streaming. Key findings highlighted more than 27,000 views and 4,000 comments. The consulted public considered the message of the works positive, and that the university transmits knowledge using puppets. The experience was presented at academic and artistic events. It is concluded that the puppets allow health education in an entertaining way and allow to capture the attention of the public of all ages. Social networks facilitated the coverage of the works, to promote health and the role of nursing without frontiers.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Educación en Salud/métodos , COVID-19/enfermería , Promoción de la Salud/métodos , Juego e Implementos de Juego , Salud Global/educación , Salud de la Familia/educaciónRESUMEN
Introdução - A saúde passou a ser tema de crescente importância na agenda mundial das organizações internacionais, instituições filantrópicas, públicas e privadas. Pessoas em todo o mundo enfrentam, cada vez mais, os desafios urgentes das crises ambientais, sociais e de saúde que extrapolam as fronteiras territoriais entre os países. O aprofundamento nos processos de globalização, comunicação entre os países, os avanços tecnológicos e as mudanças ambientais globais evidenciaram a necessidade de novas abordagens na educação em saúde, que também levassem em conta a relação do local com o global. Na última década, a saúde global acadêmica ganhou espaço nas Universidades, com a missão de potencializar as questões de saúde e seus determinantes sociais no contexto da globalização, incluindo o conjunto de valores baseados na sustentabilidade. Objetivo - Identificar como a educação em saúde global incorpora questões de sustentabilidade, por meio da análise de três estudos de caso, na Universidade de São Paulo (Brasil), na Universidade de Barcelona (Espanha) e na Universidade de Genebra (Suíça). Métodos - O estudo de caso enquanto método de investigação qualitativo foi realizado junto a programas de pós-graduação em saúde global e construído com base no referencial teórico e documental, com dados primários e secundários, sobre educação em saúde global. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada junto aos estudantes e coordenadores em curso, com levantamento de variáveis: linhas de pesquisa, disciplinas curriculares, práticas educacionais, perfil discente e produção acadêmica. Resultados - A partir dos dados coletados, foram analisadas as pesquisas desenvolvidas pelos estudantes e as estratégias de ensino e aprendizagem adotadas pela coordenação dos programas, suscitando reflexões à luz da sustentabilidade e dos ODS. Os estudos demostraram a importância dos problemas ambientais na agenda de pesquisa em saúde global, com destaque aos projetos no Brasil enfocarem os determinantes sociais de saúde, enquanto Genebra e Barcelona se dedicam mais a temas biomédicos; sobre presença desigual dos ODS na perspectiva acadêmica dos programas; sobre a potência da interdisciplinaridade e da internacionalização na educação em saúde global, mas ainda com a participação limitada de alunos estrangeiros; sobre uso de metodologias ativas e tecnológicas necessárias na educação em saúde global, com integração de atividades presenciais e a distância, à exemplo de Genebra e do período da pandemia. Conclusão - A incorporação da sustentabilidade e o estabelecimento de parcerias entre os programas fortalece um campo complexo e emergente do conhecimento, integrando ciências sociais, ambientais e econômicas, dentro do contexto da saúde global, com uma abordagem atualizada e concordante com Agenda 2030. As reflexões acerca das potencialidades e dos desafios da educação em saúde global corroboram com o caminho rumo à sustentabilidade e podem ser entendidas como estratégias poderosas para despertar o olhar investigativo e solidário de estudantes e futuros profissionais da saúde global, na busca por sociedades mais justas, solidárias e sustentáveis.
Introduction - Health became a topic of increasing importance in the global agenda of international organizations, public and private philanthropic institutions. People throughout the world face the, increasingly, urgent challenges of the environmental, social, and health crisis that traverse territorial boundaries between the countries. The deepening of the globalization processes, of the communication between countries, the technological advancements, and the global environmental changes evidence the need for new approaches to health education, also considering the relationship between local and global. In the last decade, academic global health gained space in Universities, with the task of potentializing the questions of health and its social determinants in the context of globalization, including the set of values based on sustainability. Objective - Identify how global health education incorporates sustainability questions, by analyzing three case Studies, in the University of São Paulo (Brazil), University of Barcelona (Spain) and University of Geneva (Switzerland). Methods - The case study as qualitative research method was carried out with graduate programs in global health and built based on the theoretical and documental referential, with primary and secondary data, on global health education. The field of research was carried out with students and course coordinators, raising variables: line of research, curricular courses, educational practices, students' profile, and academic production. Results - From the date collected, the studies developed by the students and the teaching and learning strategies adopted by the coordination of the programs were analyzed, leading to reflections in the light of sustainability and the SDG. The studies demonstrate the importance of environmental issues on the research agenda in global health, with projects in Brazil focusing on social health determinants standing out, whereas Geneva and Barcelona focused more on biomedical themes; on the unequal presence of the SDG in the academic perspective of the programs; on the power of interdisciplinarity and internationalization in global health education, but still with limited participation of foreign students; on the use of active methodologies and necessary technologies in global health education, integrating face-to-face and distance activities, like Geneva during the pandemic. Conclusion - Incorporating sustainability and stablishing partnerships between programs strengthen a complex and emergent field of knowledge, integrating social, environmental, and economical sciences, in a context of global health, with an updated approach in agreement with the 2030 Agenda. The reflections on the potentialities and the challenges of education in global health corroborate with the path to sustainability and can be understood as powerful strategies to awaken the inquisitive and solidary view of students and future professionals in global health, seeking more just, solidary, and sustainable societies.
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Universidades , Salud Global/educación , Educación , Programas de Posgrado en Salud , Indicadores de Desarrollo SostenibleRESUMEN
There has been a significant increase in the number of students, residents, and fellows from high-income settings participating in short-term global health experiences (STGHEs) during their medical training. This analysis explores a series of ethical conflicts reported by medical residents and fellows from Emory University School of Medicine in the United States who participated in a 1-month global health rotation in Ethiopia. A constant comparative analysis was conducted using 30 consecutive reflective essays to identify emerging categories and themes of ethical conflicts experienced by the trainees. Ethical conflicts were internal; based in the presence of the visiting trainee and their personal interactions; or external, occurring due to witnessed events. Themes within internal conflicts include issues around professional identity and insufficient preparation for the rotation. External experiences were further stratified by the trainee's perception that Ethiopian colleagues agreed that the scenario represented an ethical conflict (congruent) or disagreed with the visiting trainee's perspective (incongruent). Examples of congruent themes included recognizing opportunities for collaboration and witnessing ethical conflicts that are similar to those experienced in the United States. Incongruent themes included utilization of existing resources, issues surrounding informed consent, and differing expectations of clinical outcomes. By acknowledging the frequency and roots of ethical conflicts experienced during STGHEs, sponsors may better prepare visiting trainees and reframe these conflicts as collaborative educational experiences that benefit both the visiting trainee and host providers.
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Becas/ética , Salud Global/educación , Salud Global/ética , Internado y Residencia/ética , Estudiantes de Medicina/psicología , Etiopía , Humanos , Misiones Médicas/ética , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
Interest in global health training experiences among trainees from higher income countries has grown. The Working Group on Ethics Guidelines for Global Health Training (WEIGHT) clarified best practices in 2010 based on expert consensus. These guidelines address both balancing priorities in international partnerships and local sustainability concerns related to short-term experiences. However, the guidelines can be difficult to implement in actual practice. Because our organization predated the availability of these consensus guidelines, we reviewed our current set of practices for hosting service-learning programs at our rural Ugandan clinic for adherence to the WEIGHT guidelines. The discrete activities and standardized processes developed over 10 years of hosting experiences were grouped into broader hosting categories, with consensus among the hosting and sending volunteer coordinators of our non-governmental organization partnership. These practices were then mapped to the WEIGHT guidelines. We found our implementation strategies map these guidelines into a clear checklist of actions that can be used by coordinators involved in global health training programs. We include some of the historical reasons that led to our current processes, which may help other partnerships identify similar practice gaps. We anticipate that this action-oriented checklist with historical context will help accomplish the difficult implementation of best practices in global health training collaborations.
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Salud Global/educación , Cooperación Internacional , Desarrollo de Personal/organización & administración , Adhesión a Directriz , Guías como Asunto , Humanos , Uganda , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
Training the next generation of global health researchers is vital for sustainable research partnerships and global health equity. The Fogarty International Center (National Institutes of Health) supports postdoctoral fellows and professional/graduate students in long-term, hands-on mentored research in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We surveyed 627 alumni (58% from the United States, 42% from LMICs) from three sequential Fogarty-sponsored global health research training programs (response rate: N = 257, 41%). Publications in the Index Medicus were used to ascertain scholarly output. Most alumni (63%) reported remaining engaged in LMICs and/or worked in academic/research careers (70%). Since completing their Fogarty fellowship, 144 alumni (56%) had received 438 new grants as principal investigator (PI), co-/multi-PI, or site PI. The 257 responding alumni had 5,318 publications during and since their Fogarty fellowships; 2,083 (39%) listed the Fogarty trainee as the first or senior author. These global health training programs highlight the value of LMIC research experience in nurturing the global health research workforce.
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Becas , Salud Global/educación , Salud Global/normas , Becas/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Investigación sobre Servicios de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
We administered a standardized 41-item questionnaire to a convenience sample of graduates of five residency programs with formal global health pathways and compared findings to a national cohort of practicing physicians to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of an overarching global health pathway on residency program graduates. Compared with the national cohort database, global health pathway graduates self-reported that they felt better prepared to treat immigrants, refugees, patients with limited English proficiency (LEP), racial/ethnic minorities, those with non-Western health beliefs, international travelers, and military veterans (P < 0.05). They were more likely to report using best practices when working with lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning patients, immigrant and refugee patients, patients with non-Western health beliefs, patients with LEP, and patients communicating via American Sign Language (P < 0.05). They also reported being more familiar with 11 of 14 high-impact or common infections encountered in travelers, immigrants, and military personnel (P < 0.05). Our findings suggest that formal postgraduate training focused on global health improves knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported medical practices when caring for diverse and marginalized populations in the United States.
Asunto(s)
Competencia Clínica , Salud Global/educación , Internado y Residencia , Calidad de la Atención de Salud , Humanos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
Lessons learned from one global health program can inform responses to challenges faced by other programs. One way to disseminate these lessons is through courses. However, such courses are often delivered by and taught to people based in high-income countries and thus may not present a truly global perspective. The Synthesis and Translation of Research and Innovations from Polio Eradication (STRIPE) is a consortium of 8 institutions in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Nigeria, and the United States that seeks to carry out such a transfer of the lessons learned in polio eradication. This short report describes the collaborative process of developing content and curriculum for an international course, the learnings that emerged, the barriers we faced, and recommendations for future similar efforts. Various parts of our course were developed by teams of researchers from countries across South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. We held a series of regional in-person team meetings hosted in different countries to improve rapport and provide a chance to work together in person. The course content reflects the diversity of team members' knowledge in a variety of contexts. Challenges to this effort included team coordination (e.g., scheduling across time zones); hierarchies across and between countries; and the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. We recommend planning for these hierarchies ahead of time and ensuring significant in-person meeting time to make the most of international collaboration.
Asunto(s)
Curriculum , Erradicación de la Enfermedad/métodos , Salud Global/educación , Programas de Inmunización/métodos , Internacionalidad , Poliomielitis/prevención & control , Afganistán , Bangladesh , República Democrática del Congo , Etiopía , Humanos , India , Indonesia , Nigeria , Poliomielitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Global neurosurgery operates at the intersection of neurosurgery and public health. Although most global neurosurgery initiatives have targeted neurosurgeons and trainees, medical students represent the future of global neurosurgery. METHODS: A narrative review of the literature regarding research methodology, education, economics, health policy, health advocacy, relevant to global neurosurgery was conducted. RESULTS: We summarize pearls that all medical students interested in global neurosurgery should know. DISCUSSION: To become effective agents of change within global neurosurgery, medical students must master competencies of motivation, organization, collaborativeness, dependability, flexibility, resilience, creative problem-solving, ethical thinking, cultural humility, and global awareness and gain knowledge and skills regarding research, education, policy making, and advocacy. Discussions with neurosurgeons and trainees, neurosurgery interest groups, conferences, university global neurosurgery initiatives, and student organizations represent opportunities for learning and becoming involved in global neurosurgery.
Asunto(s)
Competencia Clínica , Educación Médica/métodos , Salud Global/educación , Recursos en Salud/tendencias , Neurocirujanos/educación , Procedimientos Neuroquirúrgicos/educación , Educación Médica/tendencias , Salud Global/tendencias , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Disparidades en Atención de Salud/tendencias , Humanos , Neurocirujanos/tendencias , Procedimientos Neuroquirúrgicos/tendencias , Estudiantes de MedicinaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on higher education has been felt worldwide. There are many lessons to be learned about teaching and learning in the digital age. While we evaluate the full impact and prepare ourselves for the new normal, it is worth reflecting on some of the positive aspects of online teaching and learning and understanding how students, teachers and the wider faculty have been able to support each other through the challenges of the pandemic. In this article, we offer a perspective on teaching an online Global Health course to engineering students. RESULTS: The course, taught by a physician, provides a grounding in basic medical, scientific and engineering principles and is available to students of diverse engineering specialties. Students developed skills and gained confidence in active listening, sourcing and critical appraisal of information, interdisciplinary teamwork, needs assessment, problem analysis, problem-solving, effective communication, and organisation and delivery of information (in English). Students learned the importance of engineering in landmark historical public health projects, the delivery of modern health care, and the pressing need to develop engineering solutions to current global health problems. Course assessment was formative: 20% attendance and active participation in online classes, 30% problem-solving, 30% student presentations, and 20% written abstracts for two class projects: historical innovations and medicine in the future. CONCLUSIONS: We show how, through conversion from a classroom to an online format, we were able to deliver a rich curriculum with sound assessment where students were able to innovate together and discover the importance of engineering in health and well-being as we all experience an unprecedented global health pandemic.