Coexistence of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma in a patient affected by Hashimoto's thyroiditis

SUMMARY Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer. On the contrary, primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) is a rare disease, accounting for 2% to 5% of all thyroid malignancies. Despite several cases in which both PTC and PTL arise in the setting of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), the coexistence of both tumors in HT patients is very rare. Herein we report the case of a 66-year-old woman with long-standing nodular HT under replacement therapy, who presented with a fast, painless enlargement in the right anterior side of the neck. Thyroid ultrasonography demonstrated increased growth of a hypoechoic nodule in the right lobe measuring 32 × 20 mm. A total thyroidectomy was performed, and histology revealed a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) on a background of florid HT. Moreover, a unifocal papillary microcarcinoma, classical variant (7 mm, pT1aNxMx), was discovered. The patient was then treated with chemotherapy for the PTL, but she did not undergo radioactive iodine ablation treatment for the microPTC as per guidelines. Two years after surgery, the patient had no evidence of recurrence of either malignancy. This rare case highlights the importance of monitoring HT patients with nodular lesions, especially if they have long-standing disease. In addition, PTL should be considered for differential diagnosis in elder HT patients who present with sudden thyroid enlargement.

Prospective validation of the ultrasound based TIRADS (Thyroid Imaging Reporting And Data System) classification: results in surgically resected thyroid nodules.

OBJECTIVE: To assess performance of TIRADS classification on a prospective surgical cohort, demonstrating its clinical usefulness. METHODS: Between June 2009 and October 2012, patients assessed with pre-operative ultrasound (US) were included in this IRB-approved study. Nodules were categorised according to our previously described TIRADS classification. Final pathological diagnosis was obtained from the thyroidectomy specimen. Sensitivity, specificity, positive/negative predictive values and likelihood ratios were calculated. RESULTS: The study included 210 patients with 502 nodules (average: 2.39 (±1.64) nodules/patient). Median size was 7 mm (3-60 mm). Malignancy was 0 % (0/116) in TIRADS 2, 1.79 % (1/56) in TIRADS 3, 76.13 % (185/243) in TIRADS 4 [subgroups: TIRADS 4A 5.88 % (1/17), TIRADS 4B 62.82 % (49/78), TIRADS 4C 91.22 % (135/148)], and 98.85 % (86/87) in TIRADS 5. With a cut-off point at TIRADS 4-5 to perform FNAB, we obtained: sensitivity 99.6 % (95 % CI: 98.9-100.0), specificity 74.35 % (95 % CI: 68.7-80.0), PPV 82.1 % (95 % CI: 78.0-86.3), NPV 99.4 % (95 % CI: 98.3-100.0), PLR 3.9 (95 % CI: 3.6-4.2) and an NLR 0.005 (95 % CI: 0.003-0.04) for malignancy. CONCLUSION: US-based TIRADS classification allows selection of nodules requiring FNAB and recognition of those with a low malignancy risk. KEY POINTS: • TIRADS classification allows accurate selection of thyroid nodules requiring biopsy (TIRADS 4-5). • The recognition of benign/possibly benign patterns can avoid unnecessary procedures. • This classification and its sonographic patterns are validated using surgical specimens.

Coexistence of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma in a patient affected by Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer. On the contrary, primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) is a rare disease, accounting for 2% to 5% of all thyroid malignancies. Despite several cases in which both PTC and PTL arise in the setting of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), the coexistence of both tumors in HT patients is very rare. Herein we report the case of a 66-year-old woman with long-standing nodular HT under replacement therapy, who presented with a fast, painless enlargement in the right anterior side of the neck. Thyroid ultrasonography demonstrated increased growth of a hypoechoic nodule in the right lobe measuring 32 × 20 mm. A total thyroidectomy was performed, and histology revealed a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) on a background of florid HT. Moreover, a unifocal papillary microcarcinoma, classical variant (7 mm, pT1aNxMx), was discovered. The patient was then treated with chemotherapy for the PTL, but she did not undergo radioactive iodine ablation treatment for the microPTC as per guidelines. Two years after surgery, the patient had no evidence of recurrence of either malignancy. This rare case highlights the importance of monitoring HT patients with nodular lesions, especially if they have long-standing disease. In addition, PTL should be considered for differential diagnosis in elder HT patients who present with sudden thyroid enlargement.

Cáncer diferenciado de tiroides y tiroiditis de Hashimoto en el Instituto Nacional de Oncología y Radiobiología (2006 - 2010) / Differentiated thyroid cancer and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis at the National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (2006-2010)

Objetivos: describir el comportamiento del cáncer de tiroides en los pacientes con tiroiditis de Hashimoto.Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo, con 71 pacientes portadores de tiroiditis de Hashimoto, tratados en el Instituto Nacional de Oncología y Radiobiología desde 2006 hasta 2010.Resultados: la tiroiditis de Hashimoto con la presencia de nódulos fue más frecuente en los grupos de edades entre 50 y 59 años. El sexo más afectado fue el femenino. De los 71 pacientes que integraron nuestro universo de estudio, a 12 (16,9 por ciento) se les diagnosticó carcinoma de tiroides de la variante papilar y todos del sexo femenino, y la incidencia del cáncer tiroideo aumentó con la edad. El hipoparatiroidismo transitorio fue la complicación posoperatoria más importante.Conclusiones: a mayor tiempo de evolución de la tiroiditis de Hashimoto mayor probabilidad de que aparezca un nódulo de tiroides y de adquirir un cáncer de tiroides. El manejo de los nódulos tiroideos asociados a la tiroiditis de Hashimoto es el mismo que el de los nódulos tiroideos sin tiroiditis. Para su evaluación nos apoyamos en la citología aspirativa con aguja fina, la ecografía, la biopsia por congelación, los factores pronósticos y de riesgos, también en la biopsia por inclusión en parafina. Se considera a la citología aspirativa con aguja fina de valor, en la exploración de un nódulo tiroideo(AU)

Objetivos: describir el comportamiento del cáncer de tiroides en los pacientes con tiroiditis de Hashimoto.Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo, con 71 pacientes portadores de tiroiditis de Hashimoto, tratados en el Instituto Nacional de Oncología y Radiobiología desde 2006 hasta 2010.Resultados: la tiroiditis de Hashimoto con la presencia de nódulos fue más frecuente en los grupos de edades entre 50 y 59 años. El sexo más afectado fue el femenino. De los 71 pacientes que integraron nuestro universo de estudio, a 12 (16,9 percent) se les diagnosticó carcinoma de tiroides de la variante papilar y todos del sexo femenino, y la incidencia del cáncer tiroideo aumentó con la edad. El hipoparatiroidismo transitorio fue la complicación posoperatoria más importante.Conclusiones: a mayor tiempo de evolución de la tiroiditis de Hashimoto mayor probabilidad de que aparezca un nódulo de tiroides y de adquirir un cáncer de tiroides. El manejo de los nódulos tiroideos asociados a la tiroiditis de Hashimoto es el mismo que el de los nódulos tiroideos sin tiroiditis. Para su evaluación nos apoyamos en la citología aspirativa con aguja fina, la ecografía, la biopsia por congelación, los factores pronósticos y de riesgos, también en la biopsia por inclusión en parafina. Se considera a la citología aspirativa con aguja fina de valor, en la exploración de un nódulo tiroideo(AU)

Carcinoma papilífero da tireoide associado à tireoidite de Hashimoto / Thyroid papillary carcinoma associated to Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Existe controvérsia na literatura quanto à associação entre Carcinoma Papilífero de Tireoide (CPT) e Tireoidite de Hashimoto (TH) e também quanto a qual seria a relação etiológica entre ambos. OBJETIVO: Determinar a proporção de casos de TH entre pacientes com CPT, correlacionando com aspectos histomorfológicos. MÉTODO: Foi realizado estudo retrospectivo de pacientes consecutivos submetidos à tireoidectomia parcial ou total por CPT, entre 2007 e 2009, totalizando de 41 casos. RESULTADOS: Em relação à associação de TH e CPT, foram encontrados 11 casos (26,8%), sendo todos do sexo feminino, porém, sem significância estatística. Nos casos em que havia CPT coexistente com TH a idade média foi de 44,9 anos e sem a associação, 49,1 anos. O tamanho médio dos tumores entre os sem TH foi 20,53mm e os com TH foi de 12,72 mm - p = 0,4. Em relação ao estadiamento anatomopatológico, as proporções entre os que apresentam TH e os que não apresentam foram mantidas em T1a, T1b e T3. Em T2, não houve casos de coexistência entre TH e CPT. CONCLUSÃO: Há uma proporção de 26,8% de pacientes que possuem associação entre TH e CPT, porém, sem diferenças em relação ao tamanho do tumor.

There is controversy in the literature regarding the association between papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and as to what would be the etiological relationship between them. OBJECTIVE: To establish the proportion of cases among patients with TH and CPT, correlating it with histomorphological aspects. METHOD: A retrospective study of patients undergoing partial or total thyroidectomy for PTC between 2007 and 2009, a total of 41 cases. RESULTS: Regarding the association of HT and CPT, we found 11 cases (26.8%), all females, but without statistical significance. The mean age was 44.9 years among the patients with coexistent TH and CPT, whereas it was 49.1 years without that association. The average size of tumors in those without TH was 20.53 mm and for those with TH it was 12.72 mm (p = 0.4). Regarding pathology staging, the ratiosbetween those with and those without TH were kept in T1a, T1b and T3. In T2, there were no cases of coexistence of HT and PTC. CONCLUSION: There is a rate of 26.8% of patients with association between TH and CPT, but without differences in relation to tumor size.

Thyroid papillary carcinoma associated to Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

UNLABELLED: There is controversy in the literature regarding the association between papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and as to what would be the etiological relationship between them. OBJECTIVE: To establish the proportion of cases among patients with TH and CPT, correlating it with histomorphological aspects. METHOD: A retrospective study of patients undergoing partial or total thyroidectomy for PTC between 2007 and 2009, a total of 41 cases. RESULTS: Regarding the association of HT and CPT, we found 11 cases (26.8%), all females, but without statistical significance. The mean age was 44.9 years among the patients with coexistent TH and CPT, whereas it was 49.1 years without that association. The average size of tumors in those without TH was 20.53 mm and for those with TH it was 12.72 mm (p = 0.4). Regarding pathology staging, the ratios between those with and those without TH were kept in T1a, T1b and T3. In T2, there were no cases of coexistence of HT and PTC. CONCLUSION: There is a rate of 26.8% of patients with association between TH and CPT, but without differences in relation to tumor size.