"Resources for each other." The society of German neurologists and psychiatrists and the Nazi "health leadership".

The history of the German Association for Psychiatry and--after its merger with the Society of German Neurologists in 1935--the Society of German Neurologists and Psychiatrists (Gesellschaft deutscher Neurologen und Psychiater, GDNP) during the period of National Socialism has been subjected to only rudimentary research. The conventionally accepted idea that two independent professional associations were "coordinated" from above and turned into the extended arm of Nazi genetic health policy (Erbgesundheitspolitik) against their will must be reconsidered. This paper asks how the relationship between the GDNP and the Nazi state can be described adequately. Psychiatry and neurology as practice and science, and the biopolicy development dictatorship of National Socialism functioned, so the basic thesis, as "resources for each other" (Mitchell Ash).

Historical research into tuberculosis control strategies and the implications of mortality trends in Taiwan.

SETTING: Taiwan. OBJECTIVE: To analyse mortality trends to determine whether government organisation structuring and activities of disease control programmes affect outcomes. DESIGN: We conducted a Joinpoint regression analysis to identify changes in TB mortality trends from 1971 to 2008 in Taiwan. The annual percentage change (APC) was calculated for the time segments on either side of the Joinpoints. Mortality data were extracted from the cause-of-death registry database of the Taiwanese Department of Health. RESULTS: Between 1971 and 1987, the TB mortality rate dropped from 51 per 100 000 population to 13.4/100 000; during the period 1987-2000, it dropped from 13.4 to 7/100 000, with a lower APC; and from 2000 to 2008, it fell more rapidly, from 7 to 2.2/100 000, than during the previous two stages. These turning points are associated with organisational structure changes from the Joinpoint regression analysis. CONCLUSION: We found that organisational structure and availability of resources play an important role in TB control. We recommend that other countries consider these vital factors to enhance the effectiveness of their TB control programmes.

Physician resource planning in Canada: the need for a stronger behavioural foundation.

An effective solution to the problem of access to physician services in Canada must extend beyond an over-exclusive focus on the number of providers to consider the behaviour of physicians in greater depth. The amount of labour and associated services supplied by physicians depends importantly on their attitudes regarding work, on practice and non-practice income opportunities, and on the policy environment in which they practise. Hence, the amount of labour supplied by a given stock of physicians can change over time. Only by considering the full range of factors that affect the labour supply of physicians can we effectively plan for physician resources.

Juan de Dios y el Regente de España (Valladolid, 1547-1548). Una batalla administrativa por las confituras de los pobres / Juan de Dios and the Regente od Spain (Valladolid, 1547-1548). An administrative battle about poor people preserves

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The National Health Service and social inequalities in dental health.

Since establishment of the NHS, remarkable improvements in oral health have been seen. Social differences still remain, but in absolute terms they are far smaller than those which existed prior to creation of the service. Although the improvements have not been unique to the UK, and in consequence may not be entirely ascribed to the NHS, the overall costs to society have been remarkably small when compared with other countries. Furthermore other inequities that existed, such as the availability of services, appear to be less pronounced today than before. The NHS, established as one component of a welfare system to deal with the inequalities within society, has evolved over the last 50 years to remain a highly efficient mechanism to deal with oral health problems. The arguments for maintaining dental services within the NHS must be based upon the contribution they make to improving oral health. Judged on the past 50 years, it has helped to make major inroads into reducing the current inequalities. For the next 50 years, as the service adapts, the profession must remember that it is there for those with least resources not just those with the ability to pay.