Meeting international screen-time guidelines is associated with healthy dietary patterns in Spanish schoolchildren / El cumplimiento de las recomendaciones internacionales de tiempo de pantalla se asocia a patrones de alimentación saludable en los escolares españoles

OBJECTIVE: the aim of this research was to explore the relationship between dietary pattern habits and compliance with screen-time guidelines in Spanish schoolchildren. MATERIAL AND METHODS: a cross-sectional and associative study was performed in a total of 370 schoolchildren (44.9 % girls) aged 6-13 (8.7 ± 1.8) years. RESULTS: for boys, those who did not meet these guidelines presented lower chances of eating vegetables regularly (OR = 0.50; 95 % CI = 0.28-0.89) or more than once a day (OR = 0.43; 95 % CI = 0.22-0.85). In girls, it was observed that those who did not meet the guidelines presented a lower probability of eating one piece of fruit (OR = 0.43; 95 % CI = 0.19-0.99) as well as a second piece (OR = 0.22; 95 % CI = 0.22-0.81), vegetables more than once a day (OR = 0.39; 95 % CI = 0.19-0.80), fish (at least 2-3 times/week) (OR = 0.40; 95 % CI = 0.20-0.78) and nuts (at least 2 or 3 times per week) (OR = 0.46; 95 % = 0.24-0.87). CONCLUSION: some healthy eating patterns, such as the consumption of fruits and vegetables, appeared to be more prevalent in those children who met the international screen-time guidelines

OBJETIVO: el objetivo de esta investigación fue explorar la relación entre los hábitos de alimentación y el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de tiempo de pantalla en escolares españoles. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio transversal y asociativo con un total de 370 escolares (44,9 % niñas) de 6 a 13 años (8,7 ± 1,8). RESULTADOS: en los niños, aquellos que no cumplían con las recomendaciones presentaron menos probabilidades de comer verduras regularmente (OR = 0,50; IC 95 % = 0,28-0,89) y de ingerirlas más de una vez al día (OR = 0,43; IC 95 % = 0,22-0,85). En las niñas se observó que las que no cumplían las recomendaciones presentaban una menor probabilidad de comer una pieza de fruta (OR = 0,43; IC 95 % = 0,19-0,99) así como una segunda pieza (OR = 0,22; IC 95 % = 0,22-0,81), verduras más de una vez al día (OR = 0,39; IC 95 % = 0,19-0,80), pescado (al menos 2-3 veces por semana) (OR = 0,40; IC 95 % = 0,20-0,78) y frutos secos (al menos 2 o 3 veces por semana) (OR = 0,46; IC 95 % = 0,24-0,87). CONCLUSIÓN: algunos patrones de alimentación saludable, como el consumo de frutas y verduras, parecen ser más prevalentes en los niños que cumplen con las recomendaciones internacionales de tiempo de pantalla

Análisis de patrones de alimentación: comparación con el Triángulo de la Nutrición del Flemish Institute for Healthy Living / Food pattern analysis: comparison with the nutrition triangle of the Flemish Institute for Healthy Living

En el siguiente trabajo de investigación se realiza un análisis del patrón alimentario de los habitantes de la ciudad de Alcalá de Henares a través de la pirámide invertida, que lo diferencia de la pirámide estándar ya existente. Como metodología, se realiza un estudio observacional de corte transversal, en el que se recogen los datos acerca del patrón alimentario a través de cuestionarios vía telefónica, presencial u online. Posteriormente, se clasifican estos datos por tres variables distintas como son edad, sexo y sentimiento de soledad, concluyendo que existen marcadas diferencias respecto al patrón alimentario. Se observa que las personas de entre 45-64 años consumen los distintos grupos de alimentos de una forma más adecuada que los adultos más jóvenes; respecto al sexo, las mujeres llevan a cabo un patrón alimentario más saludable desde edades tempranas respecto de los hombres; y respecto a las personas con sentimiento de soledad, se evidencia una mayor tendencia a peores patrones de consumo de alimentos en los grupos de personas que se sienten solas, generalmente adolescentes y adultos mayores. Se comprueba en el grupo de los universitarios jóvenes un consumo inferior de frutas, hortalizas y verduras, así como un aumento de su consumo en colegios; la evidencia de un mayor consumo de frutas y verduras por parte de las mujeres coincide con los datos disponibles a este respecto en el ámbito europeo; los grupos de personas que se sientan solas tienen asociados peores patrones alimentarios

In the following research work, an analysis is made of the eating pattern of the inhabitants of the city of Alcalá de Henares through the inverted pyramid, differentiating it from the existing standard pyramid. As a methodology, an observational cross-sectional study is carried out, in which data about the eating pattern is collected through questionnaires via telephone, in person or online. Later, these data are classified by three different groups such as age, sex, and people with feelings of loneliness; concluding that there are marked differences regarding the eating pattern, it is observed that people between 45-64 years old consume different food groups in a more adequate way than younger adults; Regarding sex, women carry out a healthier eating pattern from an early age compared to men; and regarding people with feelings of loneliness, a greater tendency to worse food consumption patterns is evident in the groups of people who feel lonely, generally adolescents and older adults. As a discussion, a lower consumption of fruits, vegetables and vegetables is evidenced in the group of young university students; an increase in the consumption of these in schools; European data coincidences regarding the higher consumption of fruits and vegetables in women; and worse patterns associated with groups of people who feel alone

The Jamkhed Comprehensive Rural Health Project and the Alma-Ata Vision of Primary Health Care.

The Jamkhed Comprehensive Rural Health Project (Jamkhed CRHP) was established in central India in 1970. The Jamkhed CRHP approach, developed by Rajanikant and Mabelle Arole, was instrumental in influencing the concepts and principles embedded in the 1978 Declaration of Alma-Ata. The Jamkhed CRHP pioneered provision of services close to people's homes, use of health teams (including community workers), community engagement, integration of services, and promotion of equity, all key elements of the declaration. The extraordinary contributions that the Jamkhed CRHP has made as it approaches its 50th anniversary need to be recognized as the world celebrates the 40th anniversary of the International Conference on Primary Health Care and the writing of the declaration. We describe the early influence of the Jamkhed CRHP on the declaration as well as the work at Jamkhed, its notable influence in improving the health of the people it has served and continues to serve, the remarkable contributions it has made to training people from around India and the world, and its remarkable influences on programs and policies in India and beyond.

Measurement properties of the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS) family of measures: protocol for a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: The Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS) for adults, and equivalent measures for children and adolescents and older people, are widely used in clinical practice and research contexts to measure mental health and functional outcomes. Additional HoNOS measures have been developed for special populations and applications. Stakeholders require synthesised information about the measurement properties of these measures to assess whether they are fit for use with intended service settings and populations and to establish performance benchmarks. This planned systematic review will critically appraise evidence on the measurement properties of the HoNOS family of measures. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Journal articles meeting inclusion criteria will be identified via a search of seven electronic databases: MEDLINE via EBSCOhost, PsycINFO via APA PsycNET, Embase via Elsevier, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature via EBSCOhost, Web of Science via Thomson Reuters, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Library. Variants of 'Health of the Nation Outcome Scales' or 'HoNOS' will be searched as text words. No restrictions will be placed on setting or language of publication. Reference lists of relevant studies and reviews will be scanned for additional eligible studies. Appraisal of reliability, validity, responsiveness and interpretability will be guided by the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments checklist. Feasibility/utility will be appraised using definitions and criteria derived from previous reviews. For reliability studies, we will also apply the Guidelines for Reporting Reliability and Agreement Studies to assess quality of reporting. Results will be synthesised narratively, separately for each measure, and by subgroup (eg, treatment setting, rater profession/experience or training) where possible. Meta-analyses will be undertaken where data are adequate. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics approval is not required as no primary data will be collected. Outcomes will be disseminated to stakeholders via reports, journal articles and presentations at meetings and conferences. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42017057871.

Advances in Residential Design Related to the Influence of Geomagnetism.

Since the origin of the Modern Movement, there has been a basic commitment to improving housing conditions and the well-being of occupants, especially given the prediction that 2/3 of humanity will reside in cities by 2050. Moreover, a compact model of the city with tall buildings and urban densification at this scale will be generated. Continuous constructive and technological advances have developed solid foundations on safety, energy efficiency, habitability, and sustainability in housing design. However, studies on improving the quality of life in these areas continue to be a challenge for architects and engineers. This paper seeks to contribute health-related information to the study of residential design, specifically the influence of the geomagnetic field on its occupants. After compiling information on the effects of geomagnetic fields from different medical studies over 23 years, a case study of a 16-story high-rise building is presented, with the goal of proposing architectural design recommendations for long-term occupation in the same place. The purpose of the present work is three-fold: first, to characterize the geomagnetic field variability of buildings; second, to identify the causes and possible related mechanisms; and third, to define architectural criteria on the arrangement of uses and constructive elements for housing.

Envejecimiento activo y de éxito o saludable: una breve historia de modelos conceptuales / Active ageing and success: a brief history of conceptual models

Introducción y propósito del estudio. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar y describir los diferentes modelos teóricos de envejecimiento exitoso, envejecimiento activo y envejecimiento saludable desarrollados en Europa y en América en el siglo XX, a partir del modelo original de Rowe y Kahn (1987, 1997). Metodología. Se ha realizado una revisión narrativa de la literatura sobre el envejecimiento exitoso. Resultados. Nuestra revisión incluyó los modelos de envejecimiento exitoso de autores europeos y americanos. Encontramos modelos que se proponen describir los índices de envejecimiento activo y saludable, modelos dedicados a describir los procesos involucrados en el envejecimiento exitoso y modelos adicionales que hacen hincapié en la percepción subjetiva y objetiva de un envejecimiento con éxito. También describimos las críticas a los modelos anteriores, las modificaciones según Martin et al. (2014) y las estrategias para un envejecimiento exitoso según Jeste y Depp (2014). La necesidad de mejorar el modelo de Rowe y Kahn y otros modelos con una descripción más inclusiva y universal del envejecimiento y la incorporación de evidencia científica sobre el envejecimiento activo son todavía argumentos en discusión (AU)

Introduction and purpose of the study. The aim of this paper is to analyse and describe different conceptual models of successful ageing, active and healthy ageing developed in Europe and in America in the 20° century, starting from Rowe and Kahn's original model (1987, 1997). Methodology. A narrative review was conducted on the literature on successful ageing. Results. Our review included definition of successful ageing from European and American scholars. Models were found that aimed to describe indexes of active and healthy ageing, models devoted to describe processes involved in successful ageing, and additional views that emphasise subjective and objective perception of successful ageing. A description is also given of critiques on previous models and remedies according to Martin et al. (2014) and strategies for successful ageing according to Jeste and Depp (2014). The need is discussed for the enhancement of Rowe and Kahn's model and other models with a more inclusive, universal description of ageing, incorporating scientific evidence regarding active ageing (AU)

Método Delphi para buscar consenso sobre metodologías educativas en alimentación saludable para alumnos de tercero a quinto año básico, sus familias y profesores / Delphi method to get consensus about education methodologies in healthy eating for third to fifth school-age children, their parents and teachers

Objetivo: mediante la técnica de consenso Delphi, conocer la opinión de un grupo de expertos en nutrición, educación y gastronomía para buscar consenso sobre metodologías educativas en alimentación saludable en alumnos de tercero a quinto año básico, sus familias y profesores. Métodos: con los resultados de encuestas y grupos focales realizados previamente a niños, padres y profesores, se elaboró un cuestionario que fue enviado a 51 expertos en nutrición, educación y gastronomía en una primera ronda. Los resultados fueron analizados y reenviados en una segunda ronda con las preguntas no consensuadas, obteniendo 38 respuestas. Resultados: hubo consenso en que se pueden cambiar hábitos en escuelas mediante talleres de cocina con chefs o monitores, educación activo-participativa y huertos escolares. Padres y profesores deben tener habilidades culinarias saludables para educar a los niños. Estos deben hacer uso racional del dinero en la escuela. Para ello es necesario cambiar la oferta del kiosko hacia alimentos saludables, o suprimirlo si no es saludable. Los profesores deben capacitarse con talleres de autocuidado y vida sana para educar en alimentación saludable a los niños en horarios de clase con material educativo, talleres de cocina con recetas y aprovechar horarios de desayuno y almuerzo para actividades educativas. Los padres deben participar en talleres para escoger alimentos saludables en lugares de venta y preparar menús saludables. Los niños deben aprender habilidades culinarias simples, preparando y degustando alimentos saludables. Conclusiones: estos resultados son fundamentales para diseñar materiales educativos en alimentación saludable que cambien los malos hábitos alimentarios actuales (AU)

Objective: To know nutrition, education and gastronomic expert opinion to get consensus about education methodologies in healthy food topics for third to fi fth school-age children, their parents and teachers, with the Delphi method. Methods: A questionnaire was developed with the results of surveys and focus groups in children, parents and teachers made previously. The questionnaire was mailed to 51 experts in nutrition, education and gastronomic in a first round. The results were analyzed and forwarded in a second round with the subjects without consensus, with 38 experts answering the questionnaire. Results: Food habits can be modified at school with cooking workshops with chefs or monitors in an experiential learning and with school gardens. Parents and teachers should have cooking skills to educate children in healthy food. Children should do a rational management of their money at school buying healthy food. For this purpose it is necessary to change the food offered by the kiosk or remove the kiosk if is non healthy. Teachers should be trained in self-care and healthy lifestyles and they should educate children with education materials, cooking workshops with recipes, taking advantage of breakfast and lunch time for education activities. Parents should participate in workshops learning about healthy food choices and how to prepare healthy menus. Children should learn very simple culinary skills, preparing and tasting healthy food. Conclusions: These results are critical to design educational materials on healthy eating plans to change current eating habits (AU)

A Global Perspective on Drinking-Water and Sanitation Classification: An Evaluation of Census Content.

Following the recent expiry of the United Nations' 2015 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), new international development agenda covering 2030 water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) targets have been proposed, which imply new demands on data sources for monitoring relevant progress. This study evaluates drinking-water and sanitation classification systems from national census questionnaire content, based upon the most recent international policy changes, to examine national population census's ability to capture drinking-water and sanitation availability, safety, accessibility, and sustainability. In total, 247 censuses from 83 low income and lower-middle income countries were assessed using a scoring system, intended to assess harmonised water supply and sanitation classification systems for each census relative to the typology needed to monitor the proposed post-2015 indicators of WASH targets. The results signal a lack of international harmonisation and standardisation in census categorisation systems, especially concerning safety, accessibility, and sustainability of services in current census content. This suggests further refinements and harmonisation of future census content may be necessary to reflect ambitions for post-2015 monitoring.

Selected findings from the cross-site evaluation of the Federal Healthy Start Program.

Initiated in 1991, the Federal Healthy Start Program includes 105 community-based projects in 39 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. Healthy Start projects work collaboratively with stakeholders to ensure participants' continuity of care during pregnancy through 2 years postpartum. This evaluation of Healthy Start projects examined relationships between implementation of nine core service and system program components and improvements in birth and project outcomes. Program components and outcomes were examined using data from a 2010 Healthy Start project director (PD) survey (N = 104 projects) and 2009 performance measure data from the Maternal and Child Health Bureau Discretionary Grant Information System (N = 98 projects). We explored bivariate relationships between the nine core program components and (a) intermediate and long-term project outcomes and (b) birth outcomes. We assessed independent associations of implementation of all core program components with birth outcomes, adjusting for project characteristics and activities. In 2010, 57 projects implemented all nine core program components: 104 implemented all five core service components and 69 implemented all four core systems components. Implementation of all core program components was significantly associated with several PD-reported intermediate and long-term project outcomes, but was not associated with singleton low birth weight or infant mortality among participants' infants. This evaluation revealed a mixed set of relationships between Healthy Start projects' implementation of the core program components and achievement of project outcomes. Although the findings demonstrated a positive impact of Healthy Start projects on birth outcomes, only a few associations were statistically significant.

Vision 2020 measures University of New Mexico's success by health of its state.

The University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center (UNMHSC) adopted a new Vision to work with community partners to help New Mexico make more progress in health and health equity than any other state by 2020. UNMHSC recognized it would be more successful in meeting communities' health priorities if it better aligned its own educational, research, and clinical missions with their needs. National measures that compare states on the basis of health determinants and outcomes were adopted in 2013 as part of Vision 2020 target measures for gauging progress toward improved health and health care in New Mexico. The Vision focused the institution's resources on strengthening community capacity and responding to community priorities via pipeline education, workforce development programs, community-driven and community-focused research, and community-based clinical service innovations, such as telehealth and "health extension." Initiatives with the greatest impact often cut across institutional silos in colleges, departments, and programs, yielding measurable community health benefits. Community leaders also facilitated collaboration by enlisting University of New Mexico educational and clinical resources to better respond to their local priorities. Early progress in New Mexico's health outcomes measures and state health ranking is a promising sign of movement toward Vision 2020.

The post-millennium development goals agenda: include 'end to all wars' as a public health goal!

The process of identifying global post-millennium development goals (post-MDGs) has begun in earnest. Consensus is emerging in certain areas (e.g. eliminating poverty) and conflicts and violence are recognized as key factors that retard human development. However, current discussions focus on tackling intra-state conflicts and individual-based violence and hardly mention eliminating wars as a goal. Wars create public health catastrophes. They kill, maim, displace and affect millions. Inter-state wars fuel intra-state conflicts and violence. The peace agenda should not be the monopoly of the UN Security Council, and the current consensus-building process setting the post-MDG agenda is a rallying point for the global community. The human rights approach will not suffice to eliminate wars, because few are fought to protect human rights. The development agenda should therefore commit to eliminating all wars by 2030. Targets to reduce tensions and discourage wars should be included. We should act now.