RESUMEN
Bluetongue virus (BTV) and Epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) are closely related Orbiviruses that affect domestic and wild ruminants. In Ecuador previous serological studies reported the presence of BTV; however, no data are available about the presence of EHDV. In this study, 295 cattle without symptoms of infection were sampled from two farms located in Andean and Amazonian regions and from a slaughterhouse in the coastal region. ELISA analyses showed high prevalence of BTV (98.9%) and EHDV (81.3%) antibodies, and RT-qPCRs revealed the presence of EHDV (24.1%) and BTV (10.2%) genomes in cattle blood samples. Viral isolation allowed to identify EHDV serotype 1 (EHDV1) and BTV serotypes 9 (BTV9), 13 and 18. These findings suggest that BTV and EHDV are enzootic diseases in Ecuador.
Asunto(s)
Virus de la Lengua Azul/aislamiento & purificación , Lengua Azul/virología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/virología , Virus de la Enfermedad Hemorrágica Epizoótica/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Reoviridae/veterinaria , Serogrupo , Animales , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Lengua Azul/epidemiología , Virus de la Lengua Azul/genética , Virus de la Lengua Azul/inmunología , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/epidemiología , Ecuador/epidemiología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/veterinaria , Virus de la Enfermedad Hemorrágica Epizoótica/genética , Virus de la Enfermedad Hemorrágica Epizoótica/inmunología , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Infecciones por Reoviridae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Reoviridae/virología , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Serotipificación , América del Sur/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Serum samples from 350 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus texanus) collected in March 1994 from northeastern Mexico were tested for the prevalence of antibody activity against five infectious diseases of ruminants. The prevalence rate was 81% for bluetongue virus (BTV) of all serotypes, 72% for epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV), 3% for Borrelia burgdorferi, 69% for Anaplasma marginale, and 0% for Brucella abortus, B. melitensis, and B. ovis. These are diseases that affect domestic ruminants, and deer may act as a reservoir of infection. In addition, if deer are translocated, they may introduce pathogens to formerly disease-free areas. The high seroprevalence of BTV and EHDV cannot be related to the presence of hemorrhagic disease in the deer in this region. This is the first report to indicate the presence of B. burgdorferi infection of deer in Mexico. Despite the high prevalence of A. marginale titers, it is uncertain that deer play a role in the epizootiology of cattle anaplasmosis in the region. Apparently, white-tailed deer are unimportant in the epizootiology of brucellosis of both cattle and goats in northeastern Mexico.