Naturally Acquired Infectious Canine Hepatitis in Two Captive Maned Wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) Puppies.

We report the clinicopathological manifestations of canine adenovirus type 1 (CAV 1) infection in captive-born naturally infected maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus). Two 3-month-old maned wolves presented with lethargy, emesis, dehydration, pallor, hypothermia, leucocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphopaenia and thrombocytopaenia. One of the puppies died shortly after admission, with gross changes that included marked gastrointestinal petechiae, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly and pulmonary haemorrhage. Histologically, large eosinophilic intranuclear body inclusions were found in the liver and kidneys. The other wolf had elevated alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and creatine kinase activities, and later developed anaemia, hypoalbuminaemia, bilirubinaemia, bilirubinuria, haematuria and proteinuria. Ultrasound demonstrated hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, inguinal lymphadenomegaly and lesions suggestive of gastritis and enteritis. Despite supportive treatment, the animal died. At necropsy, there was icterus, subcutaneous oedema in the inguinal region and hindlimbs, subchondral haemorrhage of articular cartilage of the femoral-tibial-patellar and tarsal joints of both hindlimbs, lymphadenomegaly, bronchopneumonia, hepatomegaly and petechiae in the gastrointestinal mucosa. Microscopically, there was a severe necrotizing hepatitis with intranuclear viral inclusions, fibrinous-necrotizing splenitis, non-suppurative meningoencephalitis and interstitial nephritis. A quantitative PCR test for CAV 1 using DNA extracted from peripheral blood was positive. The clinicopathological findings are similar to those of CAV 1 infection in dogs and other canids.

Comparison of immunity against canine distemper, adenovirus and parvovirus after vaccination with two multivalent canine vaccines.

BACKGROUND: Viral diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in puppies. There is a belief among veterinary practitioners and even educational institutions that the vaccines made in Brazil against canine distemper virus (CDV), canine parvovirus (CPV) and canine adenovirus (CAV) are ineffective or only partially effective. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed at comparing the immunity of two multivalent vaccines in adult dogs in the city of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. METHODS: The study was carried out at the Animal Protection Association and a total of 60 adult mongrel dogs were selected and divided into two groups. Group A was immunized with two doses of Elevencell® vaccine and Group B received two doses of imported vaccine from the United States; each group was made up of 14 females and 14 males. RESULTS: In group A, the Elevencell vaccine generated a protective antibody titre against CDV in 26 out of 28 subjects (92.85%), CPV in 24 out of 28 subjects (85.71%) and CAV in 26 out of 28 subjects (92.85%). In group B, the imported US vaccine generated a protective antibody titre against CDV in 22 out of 28 subjects (78.57), CPV in 21 out of 28 subjects (75%) and CAV in 25 out of 28 subjects (89.28%). There was no statistical difference between titres generated between vaccine types for any of the three diseases tested. CONCLUSION: Elevencell vaccine titres were not inferior to the imported US vaccine in conferring protective titres against CDV, CPV and CAH, which confirms the efficacy of this product.

Hepatite infecciosa canina: uma revisão sobre a fisiopatologia e aspectos anatomopatológicos da doença / Infeccious canine hepatitis: a review about physiopathology and anatomopathologicals aspects of the disease

A Hepatite Infecciosa Canina (HIC) é uma doença causada pelo Adenovírus Canino Tipo 1 (CAV-1) e acomete principalmente cães jovens, podendo se manifestar de três maneiras: hiperaguda, aguda e subclínica. A infecção pode ocorrer em qualquer tecido, mas é notória em hepatócitos e no tecido ocular. Os principais sinais clínicos observados são anorexia, hemorragias, coagulação intravascular disseminada (CID) e sinais neurológicos. A maneira de garantir o diagnóstico é por meio da visualização das inclusões virais intranucleares. O objetivo do trabalho foi realizar um estudo geral principalmente sobre a fisiopatologia e alterações na anatomia patológica de animais acometidos pela doença.(AU)

The Infectious Canine Hepatitis (ICH) is caused by the canine Adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1), prevalent mostly in young dogs and may manifest itself in 3 ways: per acute, acute and subclinical phase. The infection can occur in any tissue but its most notorious in hepatocytes and the eye tissue. Among the clinical signs, anorexia, hemorrhages, DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation) and neurological signs are observed. For the diagnosis its necessary to observe intranuclear viral inclusions. The purpose of this paper was to carry out a study mainly about the pathophysiology and changes in pathological anatomy of animals affected by the disease.(AU)

Hepatite infecciosa canina: uma revisão sobre a fisiopatologia e aspectos anatomopatológicos da doença / Infeccious canine hepatitis: a review about physiopathology and anatomopathologicals aspects of the disease

A Hepatite Infecciosa Canina (HIC) é uma doença causada pelo Adenovírus Canino Tipo 1 (CAV-1) e acomete principalmente cães jovens, podendo se manifestar de três maneiras: hiperaguda, aguda e subclínica. A infecção pode ocorrer em qualquer tecido, mas é notória em hepatócitos e no tecido ocular. Os principais sinais clínicos observados são anorexia, hemorragias, coagulação intravascular disseminada (CID) e sinais neurológicos. A maneira de garantir o diagnóstico é por meio da visualização das inclusões virais intranucleares. O objetivo do trabalho foi realizar um estudo geral principalmente sobre a fisiopatologia e alterações na anatomia patológica de animais acometidos pela doença.

The Infectious Canine Hepatitis (ICH) is caused by the canine Adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1), prevalent mostly in young dogs and may manifest itself in 3 ways: per acute, acute and subclinical phase. The infection can occur in any tissue but it’s most notorious in hepatocytes and the eye tissue. Among the clinical signs, anorexia, hemorrhages, DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation) and neurological signs are observed. For the diagnosis it’s necessary to observe intranuclear viral inclusions. The purpose of this paper was to carry out a study mainly about the pathophysiology and changes in pathological anatomy of animals affected by the disease.

Aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e anatomopatológicos da hepatite infecciosa canina: 15 casos / Epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of infectious canine hepatitis: 15 cases

Descrevem-se os principais aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e anatomopatológicos de casos de hepatite infecciosa canina diagnosticados no Laboratório de Patologia Animal da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, durante o período de janeiro de 2003 a dezembro de 2016. Dos 1.640 cães necropsiados, 15 foram diagnosticados como hepatite infecciosa canina (0,91%). Dos cães acometidos nove eram machos e seis fêmeas. As idades variaram de 45 dias a sete anos, sendo a maioria filhotes. Dez animais não apresentavam raça definida, quatro eram Poodles e um Rottweiler. A maioria dos cães não recebeu nenhum tipo de protocolo vacinal. Os cães eram oriundos dos municípios de Patos, São Mamede e Teixeira, pertencentes ao estado da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil. A maioria dos cães apresentou curso clínico variando de hiperagudo a agudo. Os principais sinais clínicos foram convulsão, apatia e hiporexia. Na necropsia, as principais alterações foram observadas no fígado que se apresentava de pálido a alaranjado e com áreas irregulares avermelhadas na superfície capsular, além de acentuação do padrão lobular e edema na parede da vesícula biliar. Hemorragias foram observadas em vários órgãos. Na histopatologia havia necrose centrolobular de hepatócitos associada a corpúsculos de inclusão viral intranucleares, hemorragia e infiltrado inflamatório misto. O diagnóstico foi estabelecido com base nas características lesões histopatológicas e foi confirmado por imuno-histoquímica. A hepatite infecciosa canina ocorre ocasionalmente na Paraíba, acometendo particularmente cães jovens e não vacinados.(AU)

We described the main epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of canine infectious hepatitis diagnosed in the Laboratory of Animal Pathology of the Federal University of Campina Grande during the period from January 2003 to December 2016. Of the 1,640 necropsied dogs, 15 were diagnosed as infectious canine hepatitis (0.91%). Of the dogs affected nine were males and six females. The ages ranged from 45 days to seven years, being most of them young. Ten animals were mixed breed, four were Poodles and one Rottweiler. Most of the dogs do not received any vaccine protocol. The dogs came from the municipalities of Patos, São Mamede and Teixeira, from Paraiba, northeastern of Brazil. Most of the dogs presented clinical course varying from hyperacute to acute. The main clinical signs were seizure, apathy and hyporexia. At necropsy, the major alterations were observed in the liver, which was pale to orange and with irregular reddish areas on the capsular surface, besides accentuation of the lobular pattern and edema in the wall of the gallbladder. Hemorrhages were observed in several organs. In the histopathology there was centrolobular necrosis of hepatocytes associated with intranuclear viral inclusion bodies, hemorrhages and mixed inflammatory infiltrate. The diagnosis was established based on the characteristic histopathological lesions and was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Infectious canine hepatitis occurs occasionally in the Paraiba, affecting particularly young and unvaccinated dogs.(AU)

Aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e anatomopatológicos da hepatite infecciosa canina: 15 casos / Epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of infectious canine hepatitis: 15 cases

Descrevem-se os principais aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e anatomopatológicos de casos de hepatite infecciosa canina diagnosticados no Laboratório de Patologia Animal da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, durante o período de janeiro de 2003 a dezembro de 2016. Dos 1.640 cães necropsiados, 15 foram diagnosticados como hepatite infecciosa canina (0,91%). Dos cães acometidos nove eram machos e seis fêmeas. As idades variaram de 45 dias a sete anos, sendo a maioria filhotes. Dez animais não apresentavam raça definida, quatro eram Poodles e um Rottweiler. A maioria dos cães não recebeu nenhum tipo de protocolo vacinal. Os cães eram oriundos dos municípios de Patos, São Mamede e Teixeira, pertencentes ao estado da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil. A maioria dos cães apresentou curso clínico variando de hiperagudo a agudo. Os principais sinais clínicos foram convulsão, apatia e hiporexia. Na necropsia, as principais alterações foram observadas no fígado que se apresentava de pálido a alaranjado e com áreas irregulares avermelhadas na superfície capsular, além de acentuação do padrão lobular e edema na parede da vesícula biliar. Hemorragias foram observadas em vários órgãos. Na histopatologia havia necrose centrolobular de hepatócitos associada a corpúsculos de inclusão viral intranucleares, hemorragia e infiltrado inflamatório misto. O diagnóstico foi estabelecido com base nas características lesões histopatológicas e foi confirmado por imuno-histoquímica. A hepatite infecciosa canina ocorre ocasionalmente na Paraíba, acometendo particularmente cães jovens e não vacinados.(AU)

We described the main epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of canine infectious hepatitis diagnosed in the Laboratory of Animal Pathology of the Federal University of Campina Grande during the period from January 2003 to December 2016. Of the 1,640 necropsied dogs, 15 were diagnosed as infectious canine hepatitis (0.91%). Of the dogs affected nine were males and six females. The ages ranged from 45 days to seven years, being most of them young. Ten animals were mixed breed, four were Poodles and one Rottweiler. Most of the dogs do not received any vaccine protocol. The dogs came from the municipalities of Patos, São Mamede and Teixeira, from Paraiba, northeastern of Brazil. Most of the dogs presented clinical course varying from hyperacute to acute. The main clinical signs were seizure, apathy and hyporexia. At necropsy, the major alterations were observed in the liver, which was pale to orange and with irregular reddish areas on the capsular surface, besides accentuation of the lobular pattern and edema in the wall of the gallbladder. Hemorrhages were observed in several organs. In the histopathology there was centrolobular necrosis of hepatocytes associated with intranuclear viral inclusion bodies, hemorrhages and mixed inflammatory infiltrate. The diagnosis was established based on the characteristic histopathological lesions and was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Infectious canine hepatitis occurs occasionally in the Paraiba, affecting particularly young and unvaccinated dogs.(AU)

Epidemiology, clinical features and risk factors for human rabies and animal bites during an outbreak of rabies in Maputo and Matola cities, Mozambique, 2014: Implications for public health interventions for rabies control

Background: In Mozambique, the majority of rabies outbreaks are unreported and data on the epidemiological features of human rabies and animal bites are scarce. An outbreak of human rabies in adjacent Maputo and Matola cities in 2014 prompted us to investigate the epidemiology, clinical features and risk factors of human rabies and animal bites in the two cities. Methodology/principal findings: We reviewed cases of human rabies and animal bites from April to July 2014, and carried out a community investigation in July and August in the neighborhoods where cases of human rabies resided. This investigation included collection of clinical, demographic and epidemiological information and a case control study to investigate the risk factors associated with human rabies. Fourteen cases of human rabies were detected in Maputo (n = 10) and Matola (n = 3) cities and neighbouring Boane district (n = 1) between April and August 2014, all of whom had been admitted to hospital. All had a recent history of dog bite. Of the 14 rabid dogs, only one had been immunized. 819 cases of animal bites were registered, of which 64.6% (529/819) were from Maputo City. Dogs were responsible for 97.8% (801/819) of all animal bites, but only 27.0% (126/467) were immunized. Factors significantly associated with human rabies were: age <15 years (p = 0.05), bite by stray dog (p = 0.002), deep wound (p = 0.02), bite in the head (p = 0.001), bite by unimmunized dog (p = 0.01), no use of soap and water (p = 0.001), and no post-exposure prophylaxis (p = 0.01). Conclusions/significance: Implementation of control measures for rabies is poor in Maputo and Matola cities, where cases of human rabies were strongly associated with bites by stray and unvaccinated dogs and irregular implementation of post-exposure measures...

Hepatite infecciosa canina em um cão geriátrico naturalmente infectado / Infectious canine hepatitis in an aged dog naturally infected

Background: Infectious canine hepatitis (ICH) is a systemic viral disease of dogs. It affects mainly unvaccinated dogs under the age of six months. Although clinical signs of ICH are not specific, the necropsy findings are sufficient to allow a presumptive diagnosis associated with epidemiology and clinical signs. Clinician should suspect the disease when two years-old dogs or younger present acute death with abdominal pain, neurological disorders and signs of bleeding. The objective of this study is to report an unusual case of ICH, describing the clinical and pathological findings in a geriatric dog with the disease. Case: A female Basset Hound dog, 9 year-old, was presented with intense vomiting and diarrhea in the last day. The animal was not vaccinated there was two years. The blood count revealed moderate leukocytosis by neutrophils and deviation to the left and to the right, and monocytosis, besides lymphopenia and eosinopenia. It was also possible to observe hyperproteinemia and plasma intensely jaundiced. The biochemical examination showed alterations in liver and kidney parameters. After three days of hospitalization, the patient was euthanized and submitted for necropsy. Macroscopic findings consisted of increased dark red liver, and fibrin strands in the capsular surface. There was a bloody fluid in the small intestine and stomach. Serous small intestine showed...(AU)

Hepatite infecciosa canina em um cão geriátrico naturalmente infectado / Infectious canine hepatitis in an aged dog naturally infected

Background: Infectious canine hepatitis (ICH) is a systemic viral disease of dogs. It affects mainly unvaccinated dogs under the age of six months. Although clinical signs of ICH are not specific, the necropsy findings are sufficient to allow a presumptive diagnosis associated with epidemiology and clinical signs. Clinician should suspect the disease when two years-old dogs or younger present acute death with abdominal pain, neurological disorders and signs of bleeding. The objective of this study is to report an unusual case of ICH, describing the clinical and pathological findings in a geriatric dog with the disease. Case: A female Basset Hound dog, 9 year-old, was presented with intense vomiting and diarrhea in the last day. The animal was not vaccinated there was two years. The blood count revealed moderate leukocytosis by neutrophils and deviation to the left and to the right, and monocytosis, besides lymphopenia and eosinopenia. It was also possible to observe hyperproteinemia and plasma intensely jaundiced. The biochemical examination showed alterations in liver and kidney parameters. After three days of hospitalization, the patient was euthanized and submitted for necropsy. Macroscopic findings consisted of increased dark red liver, and fibrin strands in the capsular surface. There was a bloody fluid in the small intestine and stomach. Serous small intestine showed...

Hepatite infecciosa canina: relato de dois casos / Infectious canine hepatitis: report of two cases

A hepatite infecciosa canina (HIC), causada pelo adenovírus canino tipo 1 (CAV-1), aguda ou crônica, é umadas doenças hepáticas mais freqüentes em cães, tendo como principal característica o seu alto potencial decontágio. Relatam-se dois casos de hepatite infecciosa canina, em cães, machos, filhotes de um e três meses deidade, os quais apresentaram a doença de forma aguda, ocasionando posteriormente o óbito dos pacientes.Em razão da inespecificidade dos sinais clínicos caracterizados por vômito, diarréia, apatia, anorexia e depressão,o diagnóstico definitivo foi obtido através de exame histopatológico. Ambos os casos apresentaramnecrose hepatocelular hemorrágica, degeneração hepatocelular severa e presença de corpúsculos de inclusãointranucleares grandes e anfofílicos, os quais confirmaram o diagnóstico da enfermidade.

The infectious canine hepatitis (ICH) caused by canine adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1), acute or chronic, is one ofthe most frequent liver diseases in dogs, whose main characteristic is a high potential for contagion. Reportedtwo cases of infectious canine hepatitis in dogs, males, and a babies of one e three months years, whichshowed the disease acutely, causing subsequent patient death. Due to the lack of specific clinical signs characterizedby vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, anorexia and depression, the definitive diagnosis was obtained byhistopathology. Both cases had hemorrhagic hepatocellular necrosis, severe hepatocellular degeneration andthe presence of intranuclear inclusion bodies and large anfofílicos, which confirmed the diagnosis of disease.

Hepatite infecciosa canina: relato de dois casos / Infectious canine hepatitis: report of two cases

A hepatite infecciosa canina (HIC), causada pelo adenovírus canino tipo 1 (CAV-1), aguda ou crônica, é umadas doenças hepáticas mais freqüentes em cães, tendo como principal característica o seu alto potencial decontágio. Relatam-se dois casos de hepatite infecciosa canina, em cães, machos, filhotes de um e três meses deidade, os quais apresentaram a doença de forma aguda, ocasionando posteriormente o óbito dos pacientes.Em razão da inespecificidade dos sinais clínicos caracterizados por vômito, diarréia, apatia, anorexia e depressão,o diagnóstico definitivo foi obtido através de exame histopatológico. Ambos os casos apresentaramnecrose hepatocelular hemorrágica, degeneração hepatocelular severa e presença de corpúsculos de inclusãointranucleares grandes e anfofílicos, os quais confirmaram o diagnóstico da enfermidade.(AU)

The infectious canine hepatitis (ICH) caused by canine adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1), acute or chronic, is one ofthe most frequent liver diseases in dogs, whose main characteristic is a high potential for contagion. Reportedtwo cases of infectious canine hepatitis in dogs, males, and a babies of one e three months years, whichshowed the disease acutely, causing subsequent patient death. Due to the lack of specific clinical signs characterizedby vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, anorexia and depression, the definitive diagnosis was obtained byhistopathology. Both cases had hemorrhagic hepatocellular necrosis, severe hepatocellular degeneration andthe presence of intranuclear inclusion bodies and large anfofílicos, which confirmed the diagnosis of disease.(AU)

Hepatite infecciosa canina em cães naturalmente infectados: achados patológicos e diagnóstico imuno-histoquímico / Infectious canine hepatitis in naturally infected dogs: pathological findings and immunohistochemical diagnosis

Vinte e três cães com hepatite infecciosa canina (HIC) foram analisados com base nos seus dados gerais, achados clínicos, patológicos e imuno-histoquímicos. As principais lesões macroscópicas encontradas foram palidez do fígado (17/23), hepatomegalia (10/23) e hemorragia (21/23). Observou-se também edema da parede da vesícula biliar (11/23), malhas de fibrina cobrindo a superfície capsular hepática (8/23) e icterícia (6/23). Acentuada necrose hepatocelular foi encontrada associada à identificação de corpúsculos intranucleares anfofílicos e basofílicos em hepatócitos e células endoteliais (22/23) característicos de adenovírus. Identificou-se no baço e linfonodos necrose linfoide, hemorragia e menor ocorrência de corpúsculos intranucleares em células reticuloendoteliais. A imuno-histoquímica (IHQ) foi positiva para adenovírus canino tipo 1 em todos os animais analisados. Os principais órgãos positivos na IHQ foram fígado (23/23), telencéfalo (22/22), cerebelo (16/20) e rim (16/21). Maior marcação de antígenos viral foi observada em hepatócitos e no endotélio vascular do encéfalo e dos tufos glomerulares renais.

Twenty-three dogs with infectious canine hepatitis (ICH) were analyzed, based on general data, clinicopathological findings, and immunohistochemistry. The main gross lesions were hepatic paleness (17/23), hepatomegaly (10/23), and hemorrhage (21/23). Gallbladder edema (11/23), fibrinous material on the hepatic capsular surface (8/23), and jaundice (6/23) were also found. Severe hepatic necrosis was observed in association with amphophilic or basophilic intranuclear inclusions inside hepatocytes and endothelial cells (22/23). Splenic and nodal lymphoid necrosis and hemorrhage associated with small number of intranuclear inclusions inside reticuloendothelial cells were identified. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was positive for adenovirus type 1 in all animals, with the best staining pattern occurring in the liver (23/23), brain (22/22), cerebellum (16/20), and kidney (16/21). Greater amount of viral antigen was identified in hepatocytes and vascular endothelial cells from the brain and glomerular tuft.

Hepatite infecciosa canina em cães naturalmente infectados: achados patológicos e diagnóstico imuno-histoquímico / Infectious canine hepatitis in naturally infected dogs: pathological findings and immunohistochemical diagnosis

Vinte e três cães com hepatite infecciosa canina (HIC) foram analisados com base nos seus dados gerais, achados clínicos, patológicos e imuno-histoquímicos. As principais lesões macroscópicas encontradas foram palidez do fígado (17/23), hepatomegalia (10/23) e hemorragia (21/23). Observou-se também edema da parede da vesícula biliar (11/23), malhas de fibrina cobrindo a superfície capsular hepática (8/23) e icterícia (6/23). Acentuada necrose hepatocelular foi encontrada associada à identificação de corpúsculos intranucleares anfofílicos e basofílicos em hepatócitos e células endoteliais (22/23) característicos de adenovírus. Identificou-se no baço e linfonodos necrose linfoide, hemorragia e menor ocorrência de corpúsculos intranucleares em células reticuloendoteliais. A imuno-histoquímica (IHQ) foi positiva para adenovírus canino tipo 1 em todos os animais analisados. Os principais órgãos positivos na IHQ foram fígado (23/23), telencéfalo (22/22), cerebelo (16/20) e rim (16/21). Maior marcação de antígenos viral foi observada em hepatócitos e no endotélio vascular do encéfalo e dos tufos glomerulares renais.(AU)

Twenty-three dogs with infectious canine hepatitis (ICH) were analyzed, based on general data, clinicopathological findings, and immunohistochemistry. The main gross lesions were hepatic paleness (17/23), hepatomegaly (10/23), and hemorrhage (21/23). Gallbladder edema (11/23), fibrinous material on the hepatic capsular surface (8/23), and jaundice (6/23) were also found. Severe hepatic necrosis was observed in association with amphophilic or basophilic intranuclear inclusions inside hepatocytes and endothelial cells (22/23). Splenic and nodal lymphoid necrosis and hemorrhage associated with small number of intranuclear inclusions inside reticuloendothelial cells were identified. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was positive for adenovirus type 1 in all animals, with the best staining pattern occurring in the liver (23/23), brain (22/22), cerebellum (16/20), and kidney (16/21). Greater amount of viral antigen was identified in hepatocytes and vascular endothelial cells from the brain and glomerular tuft.(AU)

Hepatite infecciosa canina: 62 casos / Infectious canine hepatitis: 62 cases

Os protocolos de necropsias realizadas em 5.361 cães durante um período de 43 anos (1964-2006) foram revisados em busca de casos de hepatite infecciosa canina (HIC) e sessenta e dois (1,2 por cento) casos foram encontrados. A maioria dos 62 cães afetados tinha dois anos de idade ou menos (91,9 por cento). Os sinais clínicos foram anotados nos protocolos de necropsia de 45 cães afetados por HIC e incluíam anorexia (55,6 por cento), apatia (35,6 por cento), diarréia (35,6 por cento), freqüentemente com sangue (43,8 por cento dos casos de diarréia), distúrbios neurológicos (33,3 por cento), vômito (26,7 por cento), petéquias e equimoses nas membranas mucosas e/ou pele (24,4 por cento), hipotermia (20,0 por cento), dor abdominal (15,6 por cento), icterícia (13,3 por cento), aumento de volume e congestão das tonsilas (11,1 por cento), febre (11,1 por cento) e ascite (6,7 por cento). A duração do curso clínico variou de poucas horas a 15 dias. Os principais achados de necropsia incluíram alterações hepáticas (87,1 por cento), linfonodos edematosos, congestos e hemorrágicos (51,6 por cento), líquido sanguinolento, líquido claro ou sangue na cavidade abdominal (35,5 por cento), víbices, sufusões e petéquias sobre a pleura visceral (27,4 por cento) e superfície serosa das vísceras gastrintestinais (24,2 por cento). Em 12,9 por cento dos casos a serosa do intestino tinha aspecto granular. Hemorragias cerebrais nas leptomeninges e na substância do encéfalo foram observadas em 9,7 por cento dos casos. As alterações hepáticas macroscópicas incluíam fígados moderadamente aumentados de volume, mais friáveis, com acentuação do padrão lobular, congestos e com múltiplos focos de necrose pálidos ou hemorrágicos. Películas e filamentos de fibrina cobriam a superfície hepática em 20,4 por cento dos casos e em 27,8 por cento dos casos a parede da vesícula biliar estava espessada por edema. Necrose hepática zonal ou aleatória (93,5 por cento dos casos) associada...(AU)

Necropsy reports from 5,361 dogs necropsied over a 43-year period (1964-2006) were reviewed in search for cases of infectious canine hepatitis (ICH). Sixty two (1.2 percent) cases of the disease were found. Most of the 62 affected dogs (91.9 percent,) were 2-year-old or less. Clinical signs were recorded in the necropsy files of 45 ICH affected dogs and included anorexia (55.6 percent), apathy (35.6 percent), diarrhea (35.6 percent) (often with blood [43,8 percent]), neurological signs (33.3 percent), vomiting (26.7 percent), petechiae and echymosis in the mucous membranes and/or skin (24.4 percent), hypothermia (20.0 percent), abdominal pain (15.6 percent), icterus (13.3 percent), enlargement and congestion of the tonsils (11.1 percent), fever (11.1 percent) and ascites (6.7 percent). The clinical courses lasted from few hours to 15 days. The most frequent necropsy findings included hepatic changes (87.1 percent), edematous, congested and hemorrhagic lymph nodes (51.6 percent), bloodstained fluid, clear fluid or whole blood in the abdominal cavity (35.5 percent), and petechial or paint-brush hemorrhages over the pleural (27.4 percent) and gastrointestinal (24.2 percent) serosal surfaces. In 12.9 percent of the cases there was a granularity to the intestinal serosa. Hemorrhages in the leptomeninges and in the substance of the brain were observed in 9.7 percent of the cases. Hepatic gross changes included moderately enlarged and more friable livers with marked lobular pattern, congestion and multifocal pale or hemorrhagic foci of necrosis. Films and strands of fibrin covered the hepatic surface in 20.4 percent of the cases and in 27.8 percent of the cases the gall bladder was thickened by edema. Zonal or randomly distributed multifocal hepatic necrosis (93.5 percent) associated with intranuclear inclusion bodies were the most consistent microscopic findings. Intranuclear inclusion bodies were found in the liver in every case and their...(AU)

Hepatite infecciosa canina: 62 casos / Infectious canine hepatitis: 62 cases

Os protocolos de necropsias realizadas em 5.361 cães durante um período de 43 anos (1964-2006) foram revisados em busca de casos de hepatite infecciosa canina (HIC) e sessenta e dois (1,2 por cento) casos foram encontrados. A maioria dos 62 cães afetados tinha dois anos de idade ou menos (91,9 por cento). Os sinais clínicos foram anotados nos protocolos de necropsia de 45 cães afetados por HIC e incluíam anorexia (55,6 por cento), apatia (35,6 por cento), diarréia (35,6 por cento), freqüentemente com sangue (43,8 por cento dos casos de diarréia), distúrbios neurológicos (33,3 por cento), vômito (26,7 por cento), petéquias e equimoses nas membranas mucosas e/ou pele (24,4 por cento), hipotermia (20,0 por cento), dor abdominal (15,6 por cento), icterícia (13,3 por cento), aumento de volume e congestão das tonsilas (11,1 por cento), febre (11,1 por cento) e ascite (6,7 por cento). A duração do curso clínico variou de poucas horas a 15 dias. Os principais achados de necropsia incluíram alterações hepáticas (87,1 por cento), linfonodos edematosos, congestos e hemorrágicos (51,6 por cento), líquido sanguinolento, líquido claro ou sangue na cavidade abdominal (35,5 por cento), víbices, sufusões e petéquias sobre a pleura visceral (27,4 por cento) e superfície serosa das vísceras gastrintestinais (24,2 por cento). Em 12,9 por cento dos casos a serosa do intestino tinha aspecto granular. Hemorragias cerebrais nas leptomeninges e na substância do encéfalo foram observadas em 9,7 por cento dos casos. As alterações hepáticas macroscópicas incluíam fígados moderadamente aumentados de volume, mais friáveis, com acentuação do padrão lobular, congestos e com múltiplos focos de necrose pálidos ou hemorrágicos. Películas e filamentos de fibrina cobriam a superfície hepática em 20,4 por cento dos casos e em 27,8 por cento dos casos a parede da vesícula biliar estava espessada por edema. Necrose hepática zonal ou aleatória (93,5 por cento dos casos) associada...

Necropsy reports from 5,361 dogs necropsied over a 43-year period (1964-2006) were reviewed in search for cases of infectious canine hepatitis (ICH). Sixty two (1.2 percent) cases of the disease were found. Most of the 62 affected dogs (91.9 percent,) were 2-year-old or less. Clinical signs were recorded in the necropsy files of 45 ICH affected dogs and included anorexia (55.6 percent), apathy (35.6 percent), diarrhea (35.6 percent) (often with blood [43,8 percent]), neurological signs (33.3 percent), vomiting (26.7 percent), petechiae and echymosis in the mucous membranes and/or skin (24.4 percent), hypothermia (20.0 percent), abdominal pain (15.6 percent), icterus (13.3 percent), enlargement and congestion of the tonsils (11.1 percent), fever (11.1 percent) and ascites (6.7 percent). The clinical courses lasted from few hours to 15 days. The most frequent necropsy findings included hepatic changes (87.1 percent), edematous, congested and hemorrhagic lymph nodes (51.6 percent), bloodstained fluid, clear fluid or whole blood in the abdominal cavity (35.5 percent), and petechial or paint-brush hemorrhages over the pleural (27.4 percent) and gastrointestinal (24.2 percent) serosal surfaces. In 12.9 percent of the cases there was a granularity to the intestinal serosa. Hemorrhages in the leptomeninges and in the substance of the brain were observed in 9.7 percent of the cases. Hepatic gross changes included moderately enlarged and more friable livers with marked lobular pattern, congestion and multifocal pale or hemorrhagic foci of necrosis. Films and strands of fibrin covered the hepatic surface in 20.4 percent of the cases and in 27.8 percent of the cases the gall bladder was thickened by edema. Zonal or randomly distributed multifocal hepatic necrosis (93.5 percent) associated with intranuclear inclusion bodies were the most consistent microscopic findings. Intranuclear inclusion bodies were found in the liver in every case and their...

Aspectos etiológicos, epidemiológicos e patológicos das hepatites crônicas em cães / Etiological, epidemiological and pathological aspects of chronic hepatitis in dogs

As hepatites crônicas constituem um grupo significativo de alterações em cães. O estudo destas formas de hepatite tem sido fundamental para estabelecer estratégias terapêuticas efetivas. Os autores discutem a etiologia de formas crônicas de hepatite em cães, abordando as características epidemiológicas e as alterações anatomopatológicas que as acompanham. São comparados vários aspectos existentes entre hepatites crônicas em pacientes humanos e caninos

Chronic hepatitis comprises a significative group of alterations in dogs. The study of this kind of hepatitis has been fundamental to support effective therapeutic strategies. The authors discuss some aspects of chronic hepatitis in dogs, including etiological, epidemiological and pathological characteristics. Several aspects among human and canine chronic hepatitis are compared

Aspectos etiológicos, epidemiológicos e patológicos das hepatites crônicas em cães / Etiological, epidemiological and pathological aspects of chronic hepatitis in dogs

As hepatites crônicas constituem um grupo significativo de alterações em cães. O estudo destas formas de hepatite tem sido fundamental para estabelecer estratégias terapêuticas efetivas. Os autores discutem a etiologia de formas crônicas de hepatite em cães, abordando as características epidemiológicas e as alterações anatomopatológicas que as acompanham. São comparados vários aspectos existentes entre hepatites crônicas em pacientes humanos e caninos(AU)

Chronic hepatitis comprises a significative group of alterations in dogs. The study of this kind of hepatitis has been fundamental to support effective therapeutic strategies. The authors discuss some aspects of chronic hepatitis in dogs, including etiological, epidemiological and pathological characteristics. Several aspects among human and canine chronic hepatitis are compared(AU)

Estimación y caracterización de la población canina de la ciudad de Santa Cruz / Estimate and characterization of the canine population of the city of Santa Cruz

El presente trabajo fue llevado a cabo para estimular y caracterizar la población canina de la ciudad de Santa Cruz. Se empleó un muestreo al azar estratificado monretapico porporcional al número de personas que habitan las diferentes unidades vecinales en que esta dividida la ciudad de Santa Cruz; en uno de los estratos la muestra fue proporcional al número de manzanas existentes en las unidades vecinales las manzanas fueron seleccionadas estrictamente al azar para cadaunidad vecinal y en caso de ser mas de una se utilizó el azar sistemático