Celiac Disease and Sensitization to Wheat, Rye, and Barley: Should We Be Concerned?

BACKGROUND: Concomitance of celiac disease (CD) and IgE-mediated wheat allergy is described in some case reports. The objective was to evaluate the frequency of sensitization to wheat, rye, barley, and malt in children and adolescents with CD. METHODS: Measurement of serum levels of specific IgE to wheat, rye, barley, and malt (ImmunoCAP; sensitization IgE ≥0.35 kUA/L) in CD patients followed in specialized clinics to verify allergy history, general characteristics, small bowel biopsy characteristics, compliance with gluten-free diet (GFD), and occurrence of symptoms in case of noncompliance. RESULTS: We evaluated 74 patients; the median of age and age at diagnosis of CD were 8.6 years (5.0-12.8) and 3.6 years (1.6-7.0), respectively. Median time of GFD was 3.5 years (1.4-5.8). History of asthma occurred in 17.3% of subjects, allergic rhinitis in 13.5%, and AD in 5.4%. Frequency of sensitization was 4% for wheat, 10.8% for rye, 5.4% for barley, and 2.7% for malt. There was no association between wheat sensitization and age at diagnosis, time of GFD, small bowel biopsy characteristics, allergy history, and gluten consumption. There was no relationship between sensitization to wheat and occurrence of immediate symptoms when not complying with GFD. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the frequency of sensitization to wheat, rye, barley, and malt in CD patients was 4, 10.8, 5.4, and 2.7%, respectively. Therefore, to ensure that cutaneous and respiratory contact with wheat is safe, we advise patients with CD to investigate their sensitivity to wheat, rye, and barley because not all patients with CD are allergic to these cereals.

Desempenho e qualidade de ovos de poedeiras alimentadas com níveis de bagaço de cevada na ração / Performance and egg quality of laying hens fed a diet with different levels of barley bagasse

The objective of this work was to evaluate the productive performance and egg quality of semi-heavy laying hens fed a diet with different levels of barley bagasse. Ninety-six laying hens of the Hisex Brown lineage were used after forced molting. The birds were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with four treatments, six replicates, and four birds per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of four levels of barley bagasse (0, 4, 8 and 12%) as corn substitute. The following variables were evaluated: feed intake (g/bird/day), egg production (%), egg weight (g), egg mass (g/bird/day), feed conversion ratio per egg mass (kg/kg) and per dozen eggs (kg/dz), specific gravity (g/cm3), weight and percentage of yolk (g and %), albumen (g and %) and shell (g and %), variation in body weight (g), and viability of birds (%). There was no effect (P>0.05) of treatments on the quality of the eggs. A quadratic effect (P<0.05) was observed for feed intake, with an estimated level of barley bagasse of 8.36% resulting in the lowest intake. There was a decreasing linear effect (P<0.01) for egg production and egg mass, and an increasing linear effect (P<0.05) for feed conversion per dozen eggs (kg/dz). The use of barley bagasse in the diet does not influence egg quality, but decreases the zootechnical performance of semi-heavy laying hens reared in a hot environment during the second laying cycle.

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o desempenho produtivo e a qualidade de ovos de poedeiras semipesadas alimentadas com diferentes níveis de bagaço de cevada na ração. Foram utilizadas 96 poedeiras da linhagem Hisex Brown após a muda forçada. As aves foram distribuídas em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos, seis repetições e quatro aves por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por quatro níveis de bagaço de cevada (0; 4; 8 e 12%) em substituição ao milho. Foram avaliados: consumo de ração (g/ave/dia), produção de ovos (%), peso dos ovos (g), massa de ovos (g/ave/dia), conversão alimentar por massa (kg/kg) e por dúzia (kg/dz) de ovos, gravidade específica (g/cm3), peso e porcentagem de gema (g e %), albúmen (g e %) e casca (g e %), variação do peso corporal (g) e viabilidade das aves (%). Não houve efeito (P>0,05) dos tratamentos sobre a qualidade dos ovos. Houve efeito quadrático (P<0,05) para o consumo de ração, sendo estimado o nível de 8,36% de bagaço de cevada para o menor consumo. Verificou-se efeito linear (P<0,01) decrescente para a produção de ovos e massa de ovos, e efeito linear crescente (P<0,05) para a conversão alimentar por dúzia de ovos (kg/dz). O uso de bagaço de cevada na ração, não influencia a qualidade dos ovos, contudo diminui o desempenho zootécnico de poedeiras semipesadas criadas em clima quente, no segundo ciclo de postura.

Desempenho e qualidade de ovos de poedeiras alimentadas com níveis de bagaço de cevada na ração / Performance and egg quality of laying hens fed a diet with different levels of barley bagasse

The objective of this work was to evaluate the productive performance and egg quality of semi-heavy laying hens fed a diet with different levels of barley bagasse. Ninety-six laying hens of the Hisex Brown lineage were used after forced molting. The birds were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with four treatments, six replicates, and four birds per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of four levels of barley bagasse (0, 4, 8 and 12%) as corn substitute. The following variables were evaluated: feed intake (g/bird/day), egg production (%), egg weight (g), egg mass (g/bird/day), feed conversion ratio per egg mass (kg/kg) and per dozen eggs (kg/dz), specific gravity (g/cm3), weight and percentage of yolk (g and %), albumen (g and %) and shell (g and %), variation in body weight (g), and viability of birds (%). There was no effect (P>0.05) of treatments on the quality of the eggs. A quadratic effect (P<0.05) was observed for feed intake, with an estimated level of barley bagasse of 8.36% resulting in the lowest intake. There was a decreasing linear effect (P<0.01) for egg production and egg mass, and an increasing linear effect (P<0.05) for feed conversion per dozen eggs (kg/dz). The use of barley bagasse in the diet does not influence egg quality, but decreases the zootechnical performance of semi-heavy laying hens reared in a hot environment during the second laying cycle.(AU)

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o desempenho produtivo e a qualidade de ovos de poedeiras semipesadas alimentadas com diferentes níveis de bagaço de cevada na ração. Foram utilizadas 96 poedeiras da linhagem Hisex Brown após a muda forçada. As aves foram distribuídas em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos, seis repetições e quatro aves por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por quatro níveis de bagaço de cevada (0; 4; 8 e 12%) em substituição ao milho. Foram avaliados: consumo de ração (g/ave/dia), produção de ovos (%), peso dos ovos (g), massa de ovos (g/ave/dia), conversão alimentar por massa (kg/kg) e por dúzia (kg/dz) de ovos, gravidade específica (g/cm3), peso e porcentagem de gema (g e %), albúmen (g e %) e casca (g e %), variação do peso corporal (g) e viabilidade das aves (%). Não houve efeito (P>0,05) dos tratamentos sobre a qualidade dos ovos. Houve efeito quadrático (P<0,05) para o consumo de ração, sendo estimado o nível de 8,36% de bagaço de cevada para o menor consumo. Verificou-se efeito linear (P<0,01) decrescente para a produção de ovos e massa de ovos, e efeito linear crescente (P<0,05) para a conversão alimentar por dúzia de ovos (kg/dz). O uso de bagaço de cevada na ração, não influencia a qualidade dos ovos, contudo diminui o desempenho zootécnico de poedeiras semipesadas criadas em clima quente, no segundo ciclo de postura.(AU)