An implementation analysis of a quality improvement project to reduce cesarean section in Brazilian private hospitals.

BACKGROUND: Brazil has one of the highest prevalence of cesarean sections in the world. The private health system is responsible for carrying out most of these surgical procedures. A quality improvement project called Adequate Childbirth Project ("Projeto Parto Adequado"- PPA) was developed to identify models of care for labor and childbirth, which place value on vaginal birth and reduce the frequency of cesarean sections without a clinical indication. This research aims to evaluate the implementation of PPA in private hospitals in Brazil. METHOD: Evaluative hospital-based survey, carried out in 2017, in 12 private hospitals, including 4,322 women. We used a Bayesian network strategy to develop a theoretical model for implementation analysis. We estimated and compared the degree of implementation of two major driving components of PPA-"Participation of women" and "Reorganization of care" - among the 12 hospitals and according to type of hospital (belonging to a health insurance company or not). To assess whether the degree of implementation was correlated with the rate of vaginal birth data we used the Bayesian Network and compared the difference between the group "Exposed to the PPA model of care" and the group "Standard of care model". RESULTS: PPA had a low degree of implementation in both components "Reorganization of Care" (0.17 - 0.32) and "Participation of Women" (0.21 - 0.34). The combined implementation score was 0.39-0.64 and was higher in hospitals that belonged to a health insurance company. The vaginal birth rate was higher in hospitals with a higher degree of implementation of PPA. CONCLUSION: The degree of implementation of PPA was low, which reflects the difficulties in changing childbirth care practices. Nevertheless, PPA increased vaginal birth rates in private hospitals with higher implementation scores. PPA is an ongoing quality improvement project and these results demonstrate the need for changes in the involvement of women and the care offered by the provider.

Barreras y factores facilitadores para la accesibilidad a lainterrupción legal del embarazo (ILE) en el subsistema privado y de la seguridad social de Argentina: análisis dela situación institucional en el Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires / Barriers and facilitating factors for accessibility to legal interruption of pregnancy in Argentina's public health and private subsystem: analysis of the institutional situation at Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires

Hasta diciembre de 2020, en Argentina el aborto era legal ante determinadas causales. Sin embargo, era común que la implementación de esta legislación se viera entorpecida. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar las barreras y los factores facilitadores para la accesibilidad a la interrupción legal de embarazo en una institución del subsistema privado y de la seguridad social. Se realizó una investigación con enfoque cualitativo con entrevistas a profesionales del equipo de salud involucrados en el circuito de atención de interrupción legal de embarazo del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Los resultados se organizan en cinco ejes temáticos que surgieron luego de un proceso de lectura, interpretación y discusión:1) ausencia de una política institucional explícita, 2) los componentes de la práctica (falta de registro en la historia clínica electrónica, desarrollo de circuitos paralelos para acceder a la medicación: misoprostol), 3) el marco jurídico legal y las causales (falta de leyes claras, diversas interpretaciones en lo que respecta al causal salud), 4) la objeción de conciencia y 5) los aspectos contextuales (movimiento feminista, el proyecto de ley desaprobado en el senado en 2018). A pesar de que el equipo de salud contaba con un marco legal claro, implementar una política institucional interna resulta sumamente necesario. (AU)

Up until December 2020, abortion was legal in Argentina on certain grounds. However, it was common for the implementation of this legislation to be hindered. The purpose of this research was to identify the barriers and facilitating factors for the accessibility to legal abortion in both private and public health care institutions. A qualitative research was carried out with interviews with health professionals involved in the health team at Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires legal interruption of pregnancy care circuit. The results are organized into five thematic axes that emerged after a process of reading, interpreting and discussing: 1) the absence of an explicit institutional policy, 2) the components of the practice (lack of registration in the electronic health records, development of parallel circuits to access medication: misoprostol), 3) the legal framework and grounds (lack of clear laws, different interpretations regarding health grounds), 4) conscientious objection, and 5) contextual aspects (feminist movement, the bill disapproved in the Senate in 2018). Even though the health teamhad a clear legal framework in place, implementing an internal institutional policy is extremely necessary. (AU)

Análisis comparativo de factores del contexto para acreditación de hospitales públicos y privados en Colombia / Comparative analysis of context factors for the accreditation of public and private hospitals in Colombia

RESUMEN Objetivos Determinar y comparar entre hospitales públicos y privados, los elementos y factores del contexto que pueden favorecer el logro de la acreditación en salud. Métodos y Materiales De un estudio fuente de casos y controles, realizado en hospitales de mediana y alta complejidad en Colombia, 16 acreditados y 38 no-acreditados, se realiza estudio auxiliar en los 38 hospitales no-acreditados según su naturaleza público o privado. Para la recolección de información se utilizó como referencia instrumento MUSIQ ("Model for Understanding Sucess in Quality") y se realizó análisis comparativo entre elementos y factores del contexto en sus dimensiones "Ambiente-Macrosistema-Microsistema-Equipos de Calidad", mediante prueba Chi cuadrado y t de Student ó U de Mann-Whitney, previa comprobación de normalidad en su distribución con la prueba de Shapiro Wilk. En todos los casos se consideró significativo valor de p menor o igual a 0,05. Resultados Evaluados los 23 elementos y factores que conforman las cuatro dimensiones del contexto en hospitales públicos y privados para el logro de la acreditación en salud, tres presentan diferencias significativas con mayor avance en hospitales privados: en el Macrosistema los sistemas de Información de apoyo para el mejoramiento de la calidad y la estabilidad laboral y en el microsistema el factor motivación. Los demás 20 elementos y factores del contexto evaluados en este estudio, no presentaron diferencias significativas. Conclusiones Existen diferencias en elementos y factores del contexto entre hospitales públicos y privados que pueden favorecer en estos últimos el logro de la acreditación en salud.(AU)

ABSTRACT Objective To determine and compare the contextual elements and factors that may favor the achievement of accreditation of public and private healthcare hospitals. Materials and Methods Based on a source study of cases and controls conducted in medium and high complexity hospitals of Colombia, 16 accredited and 38 non-accredited, this auxiliary study investigated the 38 non-accredited hospitals according to their public or private nature. The MUSIQ instrument ("Model for Understanding Success in Quality") was used to collect data used as reference, while the dimensions "Environment-Macrosystem-Microsystems-Quality Equipment" of the elements and context factors underwent a comparative analysis by means of Chi square test and Student's t or Mann-Whitney's U test after distribution normality verification using the Shapiro-Wilk test. In all cases, a p-value equal to or less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results The 23 elements and factors that make up the 4 context dimensions for the achievement of accreditation in health in public and private hospitals were evaluated. It was found that tree had significant differences associated with greater progress in private hospitals, namely, the information systems to support the Quality Improvement (QI) and job stability in the macrosystem, and the motivation factor in the microsystem. The remaining 20 elements and factors evaluated in this study did not have significant differences. Conclusion There are differences in elements and factors of the context between public and private hospitals that can favor privates in the achievement of accreditation in health.(AU)

Cultura de segurança do paciente em três hospitais brasileiros com diferentes tipos de gestão / Patient safety culture in three Brazilian hospitals with different types of management

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a cultura de segurança do paciente e fatores associados em hospitais brasileiros com diferentes tipos de gestão: federal, estadual e privado. O desenho foi observacional transversal. Enviaram-se 1576 questionários aos profissionais de três hospitais do estado do Rio Grande do Norte, utilizando o Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, adaptado para o Brasil, que mede 12 dimensões da cultura de segurança. As percepções são descritas através de uma nota geral (0 a 10) e dos percentuais de respostas positivas para estimar fortalezas e fragilidades em cada dimensão. A taxa de resposta foi de13,6% (n = 215). A segurança do paciente teve nota entre 7 e 10, para 78,1% dos respondentes, sendo a maior média das notas apresentada pelo hospital privado (8,32). O tipo de gestão hospitalar, unidade de serviço, cargo e quantidade de notificação de eventos adversos estiveram associados à nota geral da segurança do paciente (p < 0,001). Apenas o hospital privado apresentou fortalezas nas dimensões analisadas, enquanto que as fragilidades apareceram em todos os hospitais.

Abstract The scope of the study was to evaluate patient safety culture and associated factors in Brazilian hospitals with different types of management, namely federal, state and private hospitals. The design was cross-sectional and observational. A survey of 1576 professionals at three hospitals of Rio Grande do Norte state was performed using the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture adapted for Brazil, which measures 12 dimensions of safety culture. Perceptions are described by attributing a general result (Range 0-10) and the percentage of positive responses to estimate their strengths and weaknesses. The response rate was 13.6% (n= 215). The patient safety coefficient was between 7 and 10 for 78.1% of the respondents, whereby the highest average grade was attributed to the private hospital (8.32). It has been estimated that the type of hospital management, unit service, position and number of adverse event notifications are associated with the overall patient safety grade (p <0.001). Only the private hospital had strengths in the dimensions analyzed, while the weaknesses appeared in all the hospitals.

Assessment of patient safety culture in private and public hospitals in Peru.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the patient safety culture in Peruvian hospitals from the perspective of healthcare professionals, and to test for differences between the private and public healthcare sectors. Patient safety is defined as the avoidance and prevention of patient injuries or adverse events resulting from the processes of healthcare delivery. DESIGN: A non-random cross-sectional study conducted online. SETTING: An online survey was administered from July to August 2016, in Peru. This study reports results from Lima and Callao, which are the capital and the port region of Peru. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1679 healthcare professionals completed the survey. Participants were physicians, medical residents and nurses working in healthcare facilities from the private sector and public sector. MAIN OUTCOMES: Assessment of the degree of patient safety and 12 dimensions of patient safety culture in hospital units as perceived by healthcare professionals. RESULTS: Only 18% of healthcare professionals assess the degree of patient safety in their unit of work as excellent or very good. Significant differences are observed between the patient safety grades in the private sector (37%) compared to the public sub-sectors (13-15%). Moreover, in all patient safety culture dimensions, healthcare professionals from the private sector give more favorable responses for patient safety, than those from the public sub-systems. The most significant difference in support comes from patient safety administrators through communication and information about errors. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the degree of patient safety in Peru is low, with significant gaps that exist between the private and the public sectors.

[Patient safety culture in three Brazilian hospitals with different types of management]. / Cultura de segurança do paciente em três hospitais brasileiros com diferentes tipos de gestão.

The scope of the study was to evaluate patient safety culture and associated factors in Brazilian hospitals with different types of management, namely federal, state and private hospitals. The design was cross-sectional and observational. A survey of 1576 professionals at three hospitals of Rio Grande do Norte state was performed using the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture adapted for Brazil, which measures 12 dimensions of safety culture. Perceptions are described by attributing a general result (Range 0-10) and the percentage of positive responses to estimate their strengths and weaknesses. The response rate was 13.6% (n= 215). The patient safety coefficient was between 7 and 10 for 78.1% of the respondents, whereby the highest average grade was attributed to the private hospital (8.32). It has been estimated that the type of hospital management, unit service, position and number of adverse event notifications are associated with the overall patient safety grade (p <0.001). Only the private hospital had strengths in the dimensions analyzed, while the weaknesses appeared in all the hospitals.

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a cultura de segurança do paciente e fatores associados em hospitais brasileiros com diferentes tipos de gestão: federal, estadual e privado. O desenho foi observacional transversal. Enviaram-se 1576 questionários aos profissionais de três hospitais do estado do Rio Grande do Norte, utilizando o Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, adaptado para o Brasil, que mede 12 dimensões da cultura de segurança. As percepções são descritas através de uma nota geral (0 a 10) e dos percentuais de respostas positivas para estimar fortalezas e fragilidades em cada dimensão. A taxa de resposta foi de13,6% (n = 215). A segurança do paciente teve nota entre 7 e 10, para 78,1% dos respondentes, sendo a maior média das notas apresentada pelo hospital privado (8,32). O tipo de gestão hospitalar, unidade de serviço, cargo e quantidade de notificação de eventos adversos estiveram associados à nota geral da segurança do paciente (p < 0,001). Apenas o hospital privado apresentou fortalezas nas dimensões analisadas, enquanto que as fragilidades apareceram em todos os hospitais.

Adherence of private health system hospitals to dissemination of outcomes according to the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) model.

OBJECTIVE: To verify if there is an analogy between the indicators of the Global Reporting Initiative adopted by hospitals in the private healthcare system. METHODS: Documentary research supported by reports that are electronically available on the website of the companies surveyed. RESULTS: The organizations surveyed had a significant adherence of their economic, social and environmental indicators of the model proposed by the Global Reporting Initiative, showing an analogous field of common indicators between them. CONCLUSION: There is similarity between the indicators adopted by companies, but one of the hospitals analyzed had a greater number of converging indicators to Global Reporting Initiative.

Adherence of private health system hospitals to dissemination of outcomes according to the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) model / Adesão hospitalar do sistema suplementar de saúde à divulgação de resultados segundo modelo Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)

ABSTRACT Objective To verify if there is an analogy between the indicators of the Global Reporting Initiative adopted by hospitals in the private healthcare system. Methods Documentary research supported by reports that are electronically available on the website of the companies surveyed. Results The organizations surveyed had a significant adherence of their economic, social and environmental indicators of the model proposed by the Global Reporting Initiative, showing an analogous field of common indicators between them. Conclusion There is similarity between the indicators adopted by companies, but one of the hospitals analyzed had a greater number of converging indicators to Global Reporting Initiative.

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar se há analogia entre indicadores do Global Reporting Initiative adotados por hospitais do sistema suplementar de saúde. Métodos Investigação documental apoiada em relatórios disponibilizados por via eletrônica no sítio das empresas pesquisadas. Resultados As instituições pesquisadas possuíam significativa aderência de seus indicadores econômicos, sociais e ambientais ao modelo proposto pelo Global Reporting Initiative, estabelecendo um campo análogo de indicadores comuns entre elas. Conclusão Há analogia entre os indicadores adotados pelas empresas, porém um dos hospitais possuía um número maior de indicadores convergentes ao Global Reporting Initiative.

Inadequações dos Esfigmomanômetros Utilizados em Serviços de Urgência e Emergência de uma Grande Capital Brasileira / Inadequacies of Sphygmomanometers Used in Emergency Care Services in a Large Capital City in Brazil

Fundamento: A hipertensão arterial é o principal fator de risco cardiovascular. A qualidade técnica dos esfigmomanômetros é condição fundamental para obtenção da correta medida da pressão arterial. Objetivos: Avaliar o perfil dos esfigmomanômetros disponíveis nos serviços de urgências de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Métodos: Realizamos um estudo transversal, observacional e não intervencionista para avaliar o perfil dos esfigmomanômetros disponíveis nos prontos atendimentos de adultos de hospitais públicos e privados do município de Belo Horizonte. Avaliamos 337 aparelhos de 25 hospitais, sendo 15 públicos (do total de 16) e 10 privados (do total de 12). Resultados: Foram observadas inadequações dos equipamentos em relação à validação pelo Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia ­ INMETRO, em 26% (88/337) dos equipamentos; calibração vencida em 39% (132/337) e não correspondência de marca aparelho/braçadeira em 54% (188/337). Em 13 dos 25 hospitais (52%), não havia disponibilidade de manguitos para braços de diferentes tamanhos além do padrão. Houve superioridade de adequação dos aparelhos aneroides e de mercúrio dos hospitais privados (p = 0,038 e p < 0,001, respectivamente) e dos eletrônicos nos públicos (p < 0,001). Conclusão: Conclui-se que 78% dos esfigmomanômetros disponíveis nos serviços de urgência/emergência de uma das maiores capitais brasileiras apresentavam inadequações técnicas, e em metade dos serviços não havia manguitos de diferentes tamanhos. Tal fato representa um alerta para a situação dos equipamentos disponíveis para atendimento da população no país

Background: Hypertension is the main risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Technical quality of sphygmomanometers is a prerequisite for the correct measurement of arterial pressure. Objectives: To evaluate sphygmomanometers available in emergency services in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional, observational, non-interventional study to evaluate characteristics of the sphygmomanometers available in adult emergency services of public and private hospitals in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. We evaluated 337 sphygmomanometers of 25 hospitals ­ 15 (of 16) public hospitals and 10 (of 12) private hospitals. Results: Twenty-six percent (88/337) of devices were considered inadequate regarding the INMETRO (National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology) standards, 39.2% (132/337) for calibration dates, and 54% (188/337) for the mismatching between cuff's and device's brands. In 13 of 25 hospitals (52%), there were no spare cuffs in different sizes for different arm circumferences. Higher adequacy was found for aneroid and mercury sphygmomanometers used in private hospitals (p = 0.038 and p < 0.001, respectively) and electronic devices used in public hospitals (p < 0.001) compared with others.Conclusion: Seventy-eight percent of sphygmomanometers available in emergency services had technical inadequacies, and half of these services had no spare cuffs in different sizes available. These findings serve as a warning of the conditions of the equipment used in healthcare services provided to the general population in Brazil

Brinquedo terapêutico no procedimento de punção venosa: estratégia para reduzir alterações comportamentais / Juguete terapéutico durante el procedimiento de punción venosa: estrategia para reducir alteraciones de comportamiento / Therapeutic toy during the procedure of venipuncture: a strategy to reduce behavioral changes

Introdução: A enfermagem pediátrica deve estar atenta aos subsídios da assistência que tornem possível um melhor manejo da dor e da ansiedade oriundas da hospitalização infantil, geralmente, causadas pela realização de procedimentos invasivos como a punção venosa. O uso do Brinquedo Terapêutico Instrucional (BTI) pode representar uma intervenção eficaz para lidar com os efeitos negativos da hospitalização. Objetivo: Comparar as reações manifestadas pela criança frente ao preparo para punção venosa antes e após o uso do BTI. Materiais e Métodos: A pesquisa é analítica, exploratória e de abordagem quantitativa. Para análise dos dados foi utilizado o teste de McNemar. A amostra consistiu de 21 crianças hospitalizadas, pré-escolares e escolares, a coleta deu-se entre junho e agosto de 2012, em unidade de internação pediátrica do Crato, CE (Brasil). Resultados e Discussão: Após o uso do BTI, observou-se uma redução na frequência de variáveis comportamentais que indicam menor adaptação ao procedimento, com significância estatística em especial para: “Solicita a presença Materna” e “Evita olhar para o Profissional” (p<0,001). A realização das sessões também potencializou a frequência de, praticamente, todos os comportamentos associados a uma melhor aceitação ao preparo ou realização da punção venosa, com destaque para “Observa o Profissional” (p<0,001) e “Sorri” (p<0,005). Conclusões: O BTI constitui relevante intervenção para a enfermagem pediátrica, sendo necessário, para sua aplicação sistematizada, articular ações que visem uma maior sensibilização dos órgãos gestores dos serviços de pediatria, maior capacitação dos profissionais envolvidos e melhor abordagem do ensino do brinquedo terapêutico nos cursos de graduação de enfermagem.

Introducción: La enfermería pediátrica debe conocer los recursos de asistencia que permitan mejor manejo del dolor y la ansiedad ocasionada de una hospitalización infantil, generalmente, causadas por realización de procedimientos invasivos, como la punción venosa. El uso del Juego Terapéutico Instruccional (JTI) puede representar una intervención eficaz para hacer frente a efectos negativos de la hospitalización. Objetivo: Comparar las reacciones manifestadas por el niño sometido a punción venosa antes y después del uso del JTI. Materiales y Métodos: El estudio es analítico, exploratorio y cuantitativo. Para el análisis de datos se empleó el test de McNemar. La muestra consistió en 21 niños hospitalizados, pre-escolares y escolares, la recolección de datos ocurrió entre junio y agosto de 2012 en unidad pediátrica de Crato, CE (Brasil). Resultados y Discusión: Después del uso del JTI, se observó una reducción en la frecuencia de las variables de comportamiento que indican una adaptación menor al procedimiento de punción venosa, estadísticamente significativo: “Solicita la presencia Materna” y “Evita mirar el Profesional” (p <0,001). La realización de las sesiones también potencializó la frecuencia de prácticamente todos los comportamientos asociados a una mejor aceptación a la preparación o realización de la punción venosa: “Observa el Profesional” (p <0,001) y “Sonríe” (p <0,005). Conclusiones: El JTI constituye una intervención relevante para la enfermería pediátrica, siendo necesario para su aplicación, articular acciones destinadas a aumentar la sensibilización entre los administradores de los servicios de pediatría, mayor capacitación de los profesionales y un mejor abordaje en la educación del juguete terapéutico en los pregrados de enfermería.

Introduction: Pediatric nurses should always be attentive to the care subsidies that make possible a better control of pain and anxiety generated by infant hospitalization. Generally, these adverse feeling in children are caused by the realization of intrusive procedures, such as venipuncture. The use of the Therapeutic Toy Instructional (TTI) may represent an effective intervention to deal with the negatives effects of hospitalization. Objective: To compare the reactions expressed by the child, exposed to venipuncture, before and after the use of TTI. Materials and Methods: The research is analytical, exploratory and quantitative approach. For analysis of the data was employed the McNemar test. The sample consisted of 21 hospitalized children, pre-school and school ages, the process of data was collected between June and August of 2012 in a pediatric unit from Crato, CE (Brazil). Results and Discussion: After using the TTI, there was a reduction in frequency of behavioral variables that indicate less adaptation to the procedure, particularly for “Require the presence of mother" and "Try not to look for the Professional" (p <0.001). The realization of the sessions also increased the frequency of many behaviors associated with better acceptance of the procedure, especially: "Look for the Professional" (p <0.001) and "Smile" (p <0.005). Conclusions: The TTI is a relevant intervention for pediatric nursing; to use it in a systematic way is needed: planning actions aimed at increasing awareness among managers of pediatric services, better training of professionals and the inclusion of teaching of therapeutic toy in nursing courses.

Impact of Chest Pain Protocol with Access to Telemedicine on Implementation of Pharmacoinvasive Strategy in a Private Hospital Network.

BACKGROUND: Brazilian registries have shown a gap between evidence-based therapies and real treatments. We aim to compare the use of the pharmacoinvasive strategy and mortality in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) transferred pre- and post-chest pain protocol with access to telemedicine (CPPT) in a private hospital network. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A CPPT was implemented in 22 private emergency departments in 2012. Emergency physicians and nurses of all facilities were trained to disseminate the information to comply with a chest pain protocol focusing on reperfusion therapy (pharmacoinvasive strategy) for STEMI. To conduct clinical discussions using telemedicine, a cardiologist from a reference hospital in cardiology (RHC) was available 24 h/day, 7 days/week. Using the database of all consecutive admissions, we compared the data of patients with STEMI transferred to the RHC in 2011 (pre-CPPT) and 2013-2014 (post-CPPT). RESULTS: We included 376 patients (113 pre-CPPT and 263 post-CPPT) with STEMI. All patients admitted in the RHC were transferred from the 22 emergency departments. Comparing pre-CPPT and post-CPPT, we did not find differences regarding age, gender, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, smoking, previous myocardial infarction, or Killip classification. However, the use of CPPT was associated with a greater use of pharmacoinvasive strategy (55.8% versus 38%; p = 0.002) and a trend toward lower in-hospital mortality (3% versus 8%; p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of a CPPT was associated with a significant increase in the use of pharmacoinvasive strategy in patients with STEMI and a trend toward reduced in-hospital mortality in a private hospital network.

[Quality care in an intensive therapy unit at private hospital]. / Calidad de atención en una unidad de terapia intensiva del sector privado.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this article is to evaluate the quality of care in intensive care, with international quality indices. METHODS: It was a descriptive study in an intensive care private care in Mexico. 2012 indicators are analyzed in a total of 446 hospital patients. The quality indicators were in line with international recommendations. The severity was determined by the scale SAPS III. RESULTS: Indicator of ventilation associated pneumonia was below the recommended standard (11.7 vs. 12 per thousand), bacteremia related central venous catheter in accepted ranges (5.7 vs. 4 per thousand). The ulcer prophylaxis, prevention of pulmonary embolism and prevention of falls in high compliance proportions (> 90, > 95 % and 0 falls). The rates of unplanned extubation and re-intubation below indicators (< 1 per thousand days intubation and < 12 %). While indicators varied by classification of severity of the condition, the goals were met. Mortality was lower than that estimated by gravity. CONCLUSION: In this therapy the implementation of internationally recommended actions has helped maintain an adequate quality of care. The effort has impacted not only the patients with acute conditions of admission, but also patients with high mortality or Hazard.

Introducción: el objetivo es evaluar la calidad de la atención en una unidad de terapia intensiva con índices internacionales de calidad. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, en una unidad de cuidados intensivos de atención privada en México. Se analizan los indicadores de 2012 con un total de 446 pacientes hospitalizados. Los indicadores de calidad fueron acordes a recomendaciones internacionales. La gravedad fue determinada por la escala SAPS III. Resultados: el indicador de neumonías asociadas a ventilación se encontró por debajo del estándar recomendado (11.7 frente a 12 por mil); la bacteremia relacionada a catéter venoso central en rangos aceptados (5.7 frente a 4 por mil). Las acciones de profilaxis de úlceras, prevención de tromboembolia pulmonar y prevención de caídas en altas proporciones de cumplimiento (> 90, > 95 % y 0 caídas). Las tasas de extubación no programada y reintubaciones estuvieron por debajo de los indicadores (< 1 por mil días intubación y < 12 %). La mortalidad fue menor a la estimada por la gravedad. Conclusión: En esta terapia la implementación de acciones recomendadas a nivel internacional ha permitido mantener una adecuada calidad de atención. El esfuerzo a impactado no solo a los pacientes con condiciones agudas de ingreso, sino también a pacientes con alto riesgo de mortalidad.

Impact of wildfire smoke in Buenos Aires, Argentina, on ocular surface / Efeitos da fumaça de incêndios na superfície ocular em Buenos Aires, Argentina

Purpose: To evaluate the acute impact of the wildfire smoke episode in 2008 on the ocular surface of subjects living in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires (MABA). Methods: A total of 86 subjects were evaluated: Group 1 comprised patients from a public ophthalmology hospital (N=35) and Group 2 comprised healthy volunteers (N=51). All subjects answered a questionnaire on ocular symptoms and underwent ophthalmologic examination [bulbar conjunctival hyperemia, corneal fluorescein staining, rose bengal vital staining, tear break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer I test, tear lysozyme, and impression cytology] during and after the acute episode. Concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and particulate matter (PM) were measured before, during, and after the acute episode. Results: Both groups showed a statically significant increase in ocular symptoms and bulbar conjunctival hyperemia and a statically significant decrease in tear break-up time during the acute episode. Group 1 showed more severe symptoms and a statistically significant increase in fluorescein and rose bengal staining intensities during the acute episode. We found a significant negative correlation between ocular symptoms and tear break-up time. During the episode, the levels of CO, NO2, and particulate matter in MABA were four times higher than the usual average levels for the same period in 2007 and 2009. Conclusions: Increased air pollution from the burning of biomass is associated with a decrease in the stability of the tear film (TBUT), generating areas of ocular surface exposure that may be the cause of the increased feeling of irritation. Group 1 was more affected by not having a healthy ocular surface, and thus consulted an ophthalmologist. Cytological changes in the conjunctiva were not observed, which could be due to the short duration of the episode. .

Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos agudos da fumaça do episódio de incêndio violento ocorrido em 2008, sobre a superfície ocular de sujeitos que vivem na Região Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (MABA). Métodos: Um total de 86 indivíduos foram avaliados: Grupo 1: pacientes de um hospital público de oftalmologia (N=35) e Grupo 2: voluntários saudáveis (N=51). Todos os participantes responderam a um questionário sobre os sintomas oculares e foram submetidos a exame oftalmológico (hiperemia conjuntival bulbar, teste de fluoresceína, corante rosa bengala, tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal (TBUT), teste de Schirmer I, lisozima lacrimal e citologia de impressão) durante e após o episódio agudo. As concentrações de monóxido de carbono, dióxido de nitrogênio e partículas (PM) foram medidas antes, durante e após o episódio agudo. Resultados: Ambos os grupos apresentaram aumento estatisticamente significativo dos sintomas oculares, hiperemia conjuntival bulbar, e diminuição estatisticamente significativa no tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal durante o episódio agudo. Grupo 1 apresentou maior intensidade dos sintomas e aumento estatisticamente significativo no teste de fluoresceína e rosa bengala durante o episódio agudo. Encontramos uma correlação negativa significativa entre os sintomas oculares e tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal. Durante o episódio agudo de 2008, os níveis de CO, NO2 e PM na Região Metropolitana de Buenos Aires foram 4 vezes maiores do que os níveis médios habituais para o mesmo período de 2007 e 2009. Conclusões: O aumento da poluição do ar a partir da queima de biomassa está associado a uma diminuição da estabilidade do filme lacrimal (TBUT) gerando zonas da exposição da superfície ocular, que podem ser a causa do aumento da sensação de irritação. Grupo 1 foi mais afetado por não ter superfície ocular saudável e, portanto, consultaram um oftalmologista. Mudanças citológicas da conjuntiva não foram observadas e isso poderia ser devido ...

Obstetric interventions during labor and childbirth in Brazilian low-risk women.

This study evaluated the use of best practices (eating, movement, use of nonpharmacological methods for pain relief and partograph) and obstetric interventions in labor and delivery among low-risk women. Data from the hospital-based survey Birth in Brazil conducted between 2011 and 2012 was used. Best practices during labor occurred in less than 50% of women and prevalence of the use of these practices was lower in the North, Northeast and Central West Regions. The rate of use of oxytocin drips and amniotomy was 40%, and was higher among women admitted to public hospitals and in women with a low level of education. The uterine fundal pressure, episiotomy and lithotomy were used in 37%, 56% and 92% of women, respectively. Caesarean section rates were lower in women using the public health system, nonwhites, women with a low level of education and multiparous women. To improve the health of mothers and newborns and promote quality of life, a change of approach to labor and childbirth that focuses on evidence-based care is required in both the public and private health sectors.

Structure in Brazilian maternity hospitals: key characteristics for quality of obstetric and neonatal care.

This study aimed to evaluate key characteristics of structure in a sample of maternity hospitals in Brazil. Structure was evaluated according to Ministry of Health criteria and included: geographic location, obstetric volume, presence of ICU, teaching activities, staff qualifications, and availability of equipment and medicines. The results showed differences in staff qualifications and availability of equipment in obstetric and neonatal care according to type of financing, region of the country, and degree of complexity. The North/Northeast and Central-West regions presented the most serious problems with structure. The public and mixed hospitals were better structured in the South/Southeast, reaching satisfactory levels on various items, similar or superior to the private hospitals. The current study contributes to the debate on quality of structure in Brazil's hospital services and emphasizes the need to develop analytical studies considering process and results of obstetric and neonatal care.

Caesarean section and neonatal outcomes in private hospitals in Brazil: comparative study of two different perinatal models of care.

This study aims at comparing caesarean section rates and neonatal outcomes of two perinatal models of care provided in private hospitals in Brazil. Birth in Brazil data, a national hospital-based cohort conducted in the years 2011/2012 was used. We analysed 1,664 postpartum women and their offspring attended at 13 hospitals located in the South-east region of Brazil, divided into a "typical"--standard care model and "atypical"--Baby-Friendly hospital with collaborative practices between nurse-midwives and obstetricians on duty to attend deliveries in an alternative labour ward. The Robson's classification system was used to compare caesarean sections, which was lower in the atypical hospital (47.8% vs. 90.8%, p<0.001). Full term birth, early skin-to-skin contact, breastfeeding in the first hour, rooming-in care, and discharge in exclusive breastfeeding were more frequent in the atypical hospital. Neonatal adverse outcome did not differ significantly between hospitals. The atypical hospital's intervention should be further evaluated since it might reduce caesarean section prevalence and increase good practices in neonatal care.

Intervenções obstétricas durante o trabalho de parto e parto em mulheres brasileiras de risco habitual / Intervenciones obstétricas durante el trabajo de parto y parto en mujeres brasileñas de bajo riesgo / Obstetric interventions during labor and childbirth in Brazilian low-risk women Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz

Este artigo avaliou o uso das boas práticas (alimentação, deambulação, uso de métodos não farmacológicos para alívio da dor e de partograma) e de intervenções obstétricas na assistência ao trabalho de parto e parto de mulheres de risco obstétrico habitual. Foram utilizados dados da pesquisa Nascer no Brasil, estudo de base hospitalar realizada em 2011/2012, com entrevistas de 23.894 mulheres. As boas práticas durante o trabalho de parto ocorreram em menos de 50% das mulheres, sendo menos frequentes nas regiões Norte, Nordeste e Centro-oeste. O uso de ocitocina e amniotomia foi de 40%, sendo maior no setor público e nas mulheres com menor escolaridade. A manobra de Kristeller, episiotomia e litotomia foram utilizada, em 37%, 56% e 92% das mulheres, respectivamente. A cesariana foi menos frequente nas usuárias do setor público, não brancas, com menor escolaridade e multíparas. Para melhorar a saúde de mães e crianças e promover a qualidade de vida, o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e, sobretudo o setor privado, necessitam mudar o modelo de atenção obstétrica promovendo um cuidado baseado em evidências científicas.

Se evaluó el uso de buenas prácticas (alimentación, métodos no farmacológicos para el alivio del dolor, caminar y el uso del partograma), además de las intervenciones obstétricas durante el parto, en mujeres con un riesgo obstétrico habitual. Los datos provienen del estudio Nacer en Brasil, una cohorte de base hospitalaria realizada en 2011-2012, con entrevistas a 23.894 mujeres. Las buenas prácticas durante el parto se produjeron en menos de un 50% y fueron menos frecuentes en el Norte, Nordeste y Centro-oeste. El uso de oxitocina y amniotomía fue del 40%, principalmente, en el sector público y en las mujeres de menor nivel educativo. La presión fúndica uterina, episiotomía y litotomía fueron utilizados en: un 37%, 56% y 92% respectivamente. La cesárea fue menos frecuente en mujeres que son usuarias del sector público, no blancas, con menor nivel educativo y multíparas. Para mejorar la salud de las madres y los niños, y con el fin de promover la calidad de vida, el Sistema Único de Salud (SUS), y sobre todo el sector privado, necesitará cambiar el modelo de atención obstétrica mediante la adopción de evidencias científicas.

This study evaluated the use of best practices (eating, movement, use of nonpharmacological methods for pain relief and partograph) and obstetric interventions in labor and delivery among low-risk women. Data from the hospital-based survey Birth in Brazil conducted between 2011 and 2012 was used. Best practices during labor occurred in less than 50% of women and prevalence of the use of these practices was lower in the North, Northeast and Central West Regions. The rate of use of oxytocin drips and amniotomy was 40%, and was higher among women admitted to public hospitals and in women with a low level of education. The uterine fundal pressure, episiotomy and lithotomy were used in 37%, 56% and 92% of women, respectively. Caesarean section rates were lower in women using the public health system, nonwhites, women with a low level of education and multiparous women. To improve the health of mothers and newborns and promote quality of life, a change of approach to labor and childbirth that focuses on evidence-based care is required in both the public and private health sectors.

Estrutura das maternidades: aspectos relevantes para a qualidade da atenção ao parto e nascimento / Estructura de los hospitales de maternidad: aspectos relevantes para la calidad de la atención durante el parto y el nacimiento / Structure in Brazilian maternity hospitals: key characteristics for quality of obstetric and neonatal care

Avaliar aspectos da estrutura de uma amostra de maternidades do Brasil. A estrutura foi avaliada tendo como referências as normas do Ministério da Saúde e englobou: localização geográfica, volume de partos, existência de UTI, atividade de ensino, qualificação de recursos humanos, disponibilidade de equipamentos e medicamentos. Os resultados evidenciam diferenças na qualificação e na disponibilidade de equipamentos e insumos dos serviços de atenção ao parto e nascimento segundo o tipo de financiamento, regiões do país e grau de complexidade. As regiões Norte/Nordeste e Centro-oeste apresentaram os maiores problemas. No Sul/Sudeste, os hospitais estavam melhores estruturados, atingindo proporções satisfatórias em vários dos aspectos estudados, próximas ou mesmo superiores ao patamar da rede privada. O presente estudo traz para o debate a qualidade da estrutura dos serviços hospitalares ofertados no país, e sublinha a necessidade de desenvolvimento de estudos analíticos que considerem o processo e os resultados da assistência.

El presente estudio evalúa aspectos en cuanto a la estructura de una muestra de hospitales de maternidad en Brasil. El marco ha sido evaluado en función de patrones de referencia del Ministerio de Salud y abarca: ubicación geográfica, volumen de nacimientos, presencia de IU, actividades de aprendizaje, formación de recursos humanos, disponibilidad de equipos y medicamentos. Los resultados muestran diferencias en la cualificación y disponibilidad de equipos y servicios de suministros para el parto, según regiones, y su grado de complejidad. El Norte/Nordeste y Centro-oeste mostraron los mayores problemas. En el Sur/Sudeste, los hospitales estaban mejor estructurados, alcanzando proporciones satisfactorias en diversos aspectos del estudio, cercanos o justo por encima del nivel de la red privada. Este estudio aporta al debate la cuestión la calidad estructural de los servicios hospitalarios que se ofrecen en el país, y hace hincapié en la necesidad de desarrollo de estudios de análisis que tengan en cuenta los procesos y resultados de la atención.

This study aimed to evaluate key characteristics of structure in a sample of maternity hospitals in Brazil. Structure was evaluated according to Ministry of Health criteria and included: geographic location, obstetric volume, presence of ICU, teaching activities, staff qualifications, and availability of equipment and medicines. The results showed differences in staff qualifications and availability of equipment in obstetric and neonatal care according to type of financing, region of the country, and degree of complexity. The North/Northeast and Central-West regions presented the most serious problems with structure. The public and mixed hospitals were better structured in the South/Southeast, reaching satisfactory levels on various items, similar or superior to the private hospitals. The current study contributes to the debate on quality of structure in Brazil’s hospital services and emphasizes the need to develop analytical studies considering process and results of obstetric and neonatal care.

Cesariana e resultados neonatais em hospitais privados no Brasil: estudo comparativo de dois diferentes modelos de atenção perinatal / Cesárea y resultados neonatales de hospitales privados en Brasil: un estudio comparativo de dos diferentes modelos de prestación de servicios perinatales / Caesarean section and neonatal outcomes in private hospitals in Brazil: comparative study of two different perinatal models of care

Objetiva-se comparar a prevalência de cesariana e desfechos neonatais de dois modelos de atenção ao parto em hospitais privados brasileiros, utilizando-se dados do estudo Nascer no Brasil, coorte de base hospitalar realizada nos anos 2011/2012. Foram analisadas 1.664 puérperas e seus conceptos, atendidos em 13 hospitais localizados na Região Sudeste, divididos em “típico” – modelo de atenção padrão, e “atípico” – Hospital Amigo da Criança com equipes de plantão e trabalho colaborativo entre enfermeiras obstétricas e médicos na atenção ao parto. A classificação de Robson foi adotada para a comparação das prevalências de cesariana, que foram menores no hospital atípico (47,8% vs. 90,8%, p < 0,001). Desfechos positivos relativos ao aleitamento materno foram mais frequentes no hospital atípico. Eventos neonatais adversos não apresentaram diferença significativa entre os hospitais. A intervenção adotada no hospital atípico deve ser avaliada em profundidade, uma vez que parece ter reduzido a prevalência de cesariana e aumentado as boas práticas de cuidado neonatal.

El objetivo de este estudio es comparar la tasa de cesárea y los resultados neonatales de dos modelos de atención al parto en hospitales privados en Brasil. Se utilizaron datos de la encuesta Nacer en Brasil, una cohorte de base hospitalaria durante los años 2011/2012. Se analizaron a 1.664 madres y a sus recién nacidos en 13 hospitales de la región sureste, divididos en "típico" -modelo de atención estándar- y "atípico" -Hospital Amigo del Niño-, con atención al parto por equipos de turno integrados por médicos y parteras. Se adoptó la clasificación de Robson con el fin comparar las tasas de cesárea, que fueron inferiores en el hospital atípico (47,8% vs. 90,8%, p < 0,001). Los resultados positivos relacionados con la lactancia materna fueron más frecuentes en el hospital atípico. Los eventos adversos neonatales no difirieron significativamente entre los hospitales. La intervención utilizada en el hospital atípico se debe evaluar en profundidad, ya que parece haber reducido la prevalencia de la cesárea y aumentado las mejores prácticas de atención neonatal.

This study aims at comparing caesarean section rates and neonatal outcomes of two perinatal models of care provided in private hospitals in Brazil. Birth in Brazil data, a national hospital-based cohort conducted in the years 2011/2012 was used. We analysed 1,664 postpartum women and their offspring attended at 13 hospitals located in the South-east region of Brazil, divided into a "typical” – standard care model and "atypical" – Baby-Friendly hospital with collaborative practices between nurse-midwives and obstetricians on duty to attend deliveries in an alternative labour ward. The Robson’s classification system was used to compare caesarean sections, which was lower in the atypical hospital (47.8% vs. 90.8%, p < 0.001). Full term birth, early skin-to-skin contact, breastfeeding in the first hour, rooming-in care, and discharge in exclusive breastfeeding were more frequent in the atypical hospital. Neonatal adverse outcome did not differ significantly between hospitals. The atypical hospital’s intervention should be further evaluated since it might reduce caesarean section prevalence and increase good practices in neonatal care.

Gauging food and nutritional care quality in hospitals.

BACKGROUND: Food and nutritional care quality must be assessed and scored, so as to improve health institution efficacy. This study aimed to detect and compare actions related to food and nutritional care quality in public and private hospitals. METHODS: Investigation of the Hospital Food and Nutrition Service (HFNS) of 37 hospitals by means of structured interviews assessing two quality control corpora, namely nutritional care quality (NCQ) and hospital food service quality (FSQ). HFNS was also evaluated with respect to human resources per hospital bed and per produced meal. RESULTS: Comparison between public and private institutions revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between the number of hospital beds per HFNS staff member (p = 0.02) and per dietitian (p < 0.01). The mean compliance with NCQ criteria in public and private institutions was 51.8% and 41.6%, respectively. The percentage of public and private health institutions in conformity with FSQ criteria was 42.4% and 49.1%, respectively. Most of the actions comprising each corpus, NCQ and FSQ, varied considerably between the two types of institution. NCQ was positively influenced by hospital type (general) and presence of a clinical dietitian. FSQ was affected by institution size: large and medium-sized hospitals were significantly better than small ones. CONCLUSIONS: Food and nutritional care in hospital is still incipient, and actions concerning both nutritional care and food service take place on an irregular basis. It is clear that the design of food and nutritional care in hospital indicators is mandatory, and that guidelines for the development of actions as well as qualification and assessment of nutritional care are urgent.